Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System

Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific immune response? - Inflammation - Neutrophils - Acid barriers in the stomach - B cell production of antibodies

B cell production of antibodies

White blood cells that engulf and destroy bacteria are called _______________. - phagocytes - B lymphocytes - NK cells - T lymphocytes

phagocytes

A person who has recovered from mumps is protected from contracting the disease again by a ______________. - slow production of antibodies - lack of antibodies - primary humoral response - secondary humoral response

secondary humoral response

What is the body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms? - skin and mucous membranes - phagocytes - fever - natural killer cells - inflammatory response

skin and mucous membranes

Each of the following is involved in the formation of antibodies EXCEPT _______________. - an antigen activating some of the body's B cells - activated B cells producing many plasma cells - suppressor T cells growing and dividing very rapidly - plasma cells releasing antibodies into the blood

suppressor T cells growing and dividing very rapidly

Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called _____________. - delayed hypersensitivity - rheumatic fever - anaphylactic shock - myasthenia gravis

anaphylactic shock

Proteins secreted by plasma cells that bind to specific pathogens are called ____________. - antibodies - antigens - interferon - complement

antibodies

Any substance capable of provoking an immune response - antigen - antibody - cytokines - perforins - pyrogen

antigen

Chemical released by macrophages and dendritic cells to activate many other immune cells. - antigen - antibody - cytokines - perforins - pyrogen

cytokines

The most important function of the spleen is to ______________. - manufacture insulin - secrete bile - absorb nutrients from food - destroy and process worn-out red blood cells

destroy and process worn-out red blood cells

Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ____________. - shock - MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) - stroke - edema

edema

The keratinized _____________ and the _____________ are the body's first line of defense against pathogens. - lymph nodes; thymus gland - skin; spleen - epidermis; mucous membranes - saliva; lacrimal fluid

epidermis; mucous membranes

Which of the following is a form of natural passive immunity, in which no immunological memory is established? - Placenta or breastfeeding - Vaccine - Infection or contact with a pathogen - Gamma globulin

Placenta or breastfeeding

The lymph nodes help protect the body by which of the following? - Removing lymphocytes - Removing erythrocytes - Producing lymphocytes - Producing toxins

Producing lymphocytes

Which of the following areas is drained by the right lymphatic duct? - Left arm - Right arm - Right leg - The entire head

Right arm

Destroys worn-out blood cells and return some of their break-down products to the liver - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Peyer's patches - Spleen

Spleen

Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Peyer's patches - Spleen

Spleen

Humoral immunity is provided by _____________. - complement fixation - antibodies - interferon - pyrogens - skin and mucous membranes

antibodies

Vaccines stimulate the production of these soluble proteins - antigen - antibody - cytokines - perforins - pyrogen

antibody

Which of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses? - intact skin - the inflammatory response - fever - antibody production - natural killer cells

antibody production

What is humoral immunity? - antibody-mediated immune response - action of natural killer (NK) cells - immune response of T lymphocytes - response of cytokines

antibody-mediated immune response

A(n) ____________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response. - antigen - antibody - pyrogen - interferon

antigen

What condition occurs when the body makes antibodies against self-antigens? - immunosuppression - autoimmune disease - allergy - hypersensitivity

autoimmune disease

An infection commonly causes swelling and tenderness of the __________. - joints - lymph nodes - liver - thymus

lymph nodes

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ___________. - tonsils - lymph nodes - thymus - the spleen

lymph nodes

What structures are major components of the lymphatic system? - lymphatic vessels and blood vessels - lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissues/organs - blood vessels and lymphoid tissues/organs - lymphatic and systemic capillaries

lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissues/organs

The role of NK cells is to ______________. - produce antibodies - lyse and kill nonspecific targets - fix complement - engulf and digest bacteria

lyse and kill nonspecific targets

Saliva and lacrimal fluid contain ____________, an enzyme that destroys bacteria. - histamine - interferon - lysozyme - perforin

lysozyme

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide _____________. - cellular or cell-mediated immunity - natural immunity - passive immunity - active immunity

passive immunity

Chemical released by natural killer cells to cause cell lysis - antigen - antibody - cytokines - perforins - pyrogen

perforins

Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages to raise the body's temperature. - antigen - antibody - cytokines - perforins - pyrogen

pyrogen

Natural killer cells attack the target cell's membrane by _____________, which initiate disintegration of the target cell membrane and nucleus. - presenting antigen - secreting antibodies - releasing perforins - fixing complement

releasing perforins

From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collects lymph? - left leg - left side of the head - right and left leg - right leg - right arm

right arm

What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir? - thymus - Peyer's patches - appendix - spleen - tonsils

spleen

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver? - appendix - Peyer's patches - thymus gland - spleen - tonsils

spleen

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aid lymph return to the heart? - pressure changes within the thorax - the pumping action of the heart - presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels - smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels - milking action of skeletal muscles

the pumping action of the heart

Lymph is largely composed of water that escaped from _______________. - cytosol - blood - tears - cerebrospinal fluid - saliva

blood

The production of a MAC, to create holes in the cell surface of pathogens, is the action of _______________. - perforin - lysozyme - complement - pyrogen

complement

What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells? - direct the activities of other immune cells - destroy any cancer-or virally infected cell - destroy grafted or transplanted tissues - act as antigen-presenting cells (APC's)

destroy any cancer-or virally infected cell

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ____________. - antibody production - agglutination - coagulation - diapedesis - chemotaxis

diapedesis

During an inflammatory response, histamine is released. This causes blood vessels to ______________ and pain receptors to be activated. - dilate - elongate - None of these answers is correct - constrict

dilate

Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called _____________. - shock - MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) - edema - stroke

edema

All lymph flows in a one-way system toward the ____________. - pancreas - heart - liver - spleen

heart

Important in recruiting other cells to fight invaders, ________________ can be thought of as the "directors" or "managers" of the immune system - memory cells - regulatory T cells - cytotoxic T cells - helper T cells

helper T cells

What happens to the fluid filtered from the blood capillaries? - The spleen returns the fluid to the bloodstream - It is excreted in sweat - It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream - It is excreted as urine.

It becomes interstitial fluid, enters lymphatic vessels, and is returned to the bloodstream

Which of the following events represents the body's third line of defense? - Natural killer (NK) cells releasing perforin - Complement creating a membrane attack complex - Neutrophils devouring foreign material - Adaptive response mediated by lymphocytes

Adaptive response mediated by lymphocytes

Which of these is NOT one of the three important aspects of the adaptive defense system? - It is systemic - It is the third line of defense - It has "memory" - It is antigen specific

It is the third line of defense

Where are the tonsils located? - small intestine - large intestine - left side of the abdominal cavity - throat (pharynx) - overlying the heart

throat (pharynx)

Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth? - Peyer's patches - spleen - thymus - lymph nodes - tonsils

thymus

The role of the ____________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat. - spleen - tonsils - lymph node - thymus

tonsils

What is the function of histamine? - triggers fever - triggers inflammatory response - activates complement - enzymatically destroys bacteria

triggers inflammatory response

Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have? - myasthenia gravis - Graves' disease - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - multiple sclerosis - type 1 diabetes mellitus

type 1 diabetes mellitus

The injection of weakened pathogens to produce immunity is a(n) ______________. - naturally acquired immunity - vaccination - antigen - passive immunity

vaccination

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ____________. - antivenom - serum - vaccines - antitoxin

vaccines

A(n) ___________ has four cardinal signs, including pain - secondary response - vaccine - primary response - inflammatory response

inflammatory response

The lymph nodes filter bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells from the blood on its way back to the hear. - True - False

False

What does fever accomplish? - Fever prevents the formation of complement fixation - Fever promotes cell lysis by direct cell attack - Fever enables macrophages to attack microorganisms - Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process - Fever prevents the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process

What does fever accomplish? - Fever enables macrophages to attack microorganisms - Fever promotes cell lysis by direct cell attack - Fever inhibits bacterial reproduction and speeds the repair process - Fever prevents the formation of complement fixation - Fever prevents the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues

Fever inhibits bacterial reproduction and speeds the repair process

Which statement is true of antibody IgE? - IgE can fix complement - IgE is mainly found in secretion such as tears and saliva - IgE is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy - IgE is involved in allergies - IgE is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma

IgE is involved in allergies

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ? - Appendix - Liver - Tonsils - Spleen

Liver

Found in the wall of the small intestine, __________ capture(s) and destroy(s) bacteria before they invade the intestinal wall. - the pancreas - the spleen - Peyer's patches - tonsils

Peyer's patches

Located in the wall of the small intestines - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Peyer's patches - Spleen

Peyer's patches

Which of the following phrases best describe how the cells that form the walls of lymph capillaries aid in regulating interstitial fluid? - The ends are open like a straw - There are valves exactly like in veins - The lymph capillaries play no role in regulating interstitial fluid - The edges overlap, making a mini valve

The edges overlap, making a mini valve

How do phagocytic cells protect the body from the invading pathogens? - They activate complement proteins - They secrete interferon - They remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier - They secrete antibodies into body fluids

They remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier

Located overlying the heart - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Peyer's patches - Spleen

Thymus Gland

Programs T lymphocytes during youth - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Peyer's patches - Spleen

Thymus Gland

Traps and removes bacteria and pathogens entering the throat - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Peyer's patches - Spleen

Tonsils

The substance produced by virus-infected cells that helps other cells resist viral infection is _______________. - complement - perforin - pyrogen - interferon

interferon

What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells? - complement - keratin - interferons - pyrogens - membrane-attack complexes (MAC)

interferons

What tissue or organ filters lymph? - lymph node - spleen - tonsils - Peyer's patches

lymph node