Chapter 13

Which of the following was not a conviction embraced by the newly formed Republican Party of the mid-1850s?

A system of slavery was tolerable, so long as it remained confined to the South and West.

A series of revolutions in Europe—in England, France, Italy, and Germany—succeeded in permanently making those countries republics.

False

While the Fugitive Slave Act was a symbolic victory for the proslavery side, it was seldom enforced.

False

A slave craftsman named Phillip Reed directed the assembly of the statue that adorns the top of the Capitol building dome in Washington, D.C.

True

Another name for the American Party of 1854 was the Know-Nothing Party.

True

Margaret Garner, a slave who had escaped to Ohio, killed her own daughter rather than see her returned to slavery by federal marshals.

True

Which of the following was not a feature of the rise of southern nationalism during the late 1850s?

a high-level conspiracy to take over the federal government through a military coup

Which was not part of Lincoln's appeal to northern voters in the 1860 election?

as an earlier candidate of the Know-Nothing Party, he appealed to immigrant voters

The Free Soil Party contended that the western lands should stay "free" of settlement by the United States.

False

The Know-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against compulsory public education.

False

Under the Fugitive Slave Act, no slaves were ever actually returned to the South.

False

Which of the following was not a significant feature of gold-rush California?

In the absence of a stable legal system, local settlers frequently took the law into their own hands.

Henry Clay lost the 1844 election because:

James G. Birney, running on the Liberty Party ticket, received 16,000 votes in New York.

In the 1844 presidential election:

James K. Polk, a slaveholder, was the Democratic Party's nominee.

Which was not part of the Irish experience on their arrival in the United States in the late 1840s and 1850s?

Soon after their arrival, most Irish became strong proponents of the Republican Party.

One of the leading figures of the Democratic Party in the 1850s was:

Stephen Douglas.

Which was not true of the Alamo?

The Alamo was a U.S. fortress (or mission compound) on U.S. soil.

Which of the following was not a significant theme of public protest against America's war on Mexico?

The Mexican military was likely to overpower American forces; it was foolhardy to challenge Mexico.

During the mid-1850s, Kansas witnessed a series of bloody conflicts between pro- and antislavery groups.

True

For almost a decade, from the mid-1830s to 1845, the Republic of Texas was neither part of the United States nor part of Mexico.

True

In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize.

True

Victory over Mexico in the Mexican War added more area to the United States than had the Louisiana Purchase.

True

When the Mormons settled in Salt Lake City, Utah was part of Mexico.

True

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848:

ended the Mexican War.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854:

established the principal of popular sovereignty whereby the status of slavery would be determined.

"David Wilmot proposed a resolution in Congress prohibiting slavery in all territory acquired from Mexico." Define "prohibiting."

forbidding

Which of the following pieces of the statue atop the Capitol building in Washington, D.C. was part of a controversy concerning slavery?

her cap

When California became a state in 1850:

it entered the Union as a free state.

The expansionist spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called:

manifest destiny.

In the term "popular sovereignty," define "sovereignty."

power in decision-making

When Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, its new constitution:

protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

From 1840 to 1860, immigration:

resulted in 4 million new arrivals into the United States.

In the 1850s, two great areas of industrial production had arisen in consequence of the market revolution. These were:

the Atlantic Coast from Baltimore to Boston, and the cities around the Great Lakes.

The population rush into California in 1848 was a result of:

the discovery of gold.

According to the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act:

the question of whether slavery would be allowed in these territories would be decided by local (white) settlers.

In the Compromise of 1850:

the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.

In the mid-1850s, the Republican Party sought:

to prevent the spread of slavery.

Define "secede."

to withdraw formally from membership in

The Republican Party, founded in 1854:

was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers.

By 1850, the South's railroad networks accounted for approximately 50 percent of the lines in the nation.

False

Following the Texas Revolt of 1835-36, the newly formed Republic of Texas resisted annexation by the United States.

False

In 1860, the Republican Party platform sought to lower taxes by decreasing the tariff.

False

In his 1858 Senate campaign against Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln called for the immediate abolition of slavery.

False

In the famous brawl on the floor of Congress, antislavery advocate Senator Charles Sumner was beat almost to death by Representative Preston Brooks over a debate regarding the legitimacy of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

False

John Brown was a Confederate hero martyred in his attempt to preserve what is now West Virginia as a slave state.

False

The Crittenden Compromise would have guaranteed the end to slavery in states where it existed already, after a seven-year cooling-off period.

False

In the presidential election of 1848:

Lewis Cass of Michigan won the Democratic Party nomination.

As late as 1860, California's population of men outnumbered women by nearly three to one.

True

Born during George Washington's presidency, James Buchanan had served in Pennsylvania's legislature, in both houses of Congress, and as secretary of state under James K. Polk by the time he was elected president.

True

By 1860, New York City had become the nation's financial, commercial, and manufacturing center.

True

By 1860, nearly 300,000 men, women, and children had traveled overland to Oregon and California.

True

By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die.

True

In their initial pronouncements, Confederate leaders stressed the preservation of white supremacy and slavery.

True

John Brown and his followers murdered five supporters of slavery at Pottawatomie Creek in May 1856.

True

Lincoln shared many of the racial prejudices of his day.

True

Within months of the Dred Scott decision by the United States Supreme Court, Scott and his wife were emancipated.

True

In the Dred Scott decision of 1857, the word "Dred" was used because:

it was the plaintiff's first name.

Which of the following territories did not come to the United States as a result of its victory in the Mexican War?

present-day Arizona

The Free Soil Party's platform called for:

the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.