Chapter 13 A&P2

The pancreatic hormones function together to stabilize blood glucose concentration through a negative feedback mechanism. The pancreatic hormone ______ lowers blood glucose levels, while ______ raises blood glucose levels.

insulin; glucagon

Which of the following describes an example of how hormones are regulated?

one hormone stimulates the release of another hormone

Which type of secretion enters the interstitial fluid and affects neighboring cells in the same tissue?

paracrine secretion

What must be present for any type of hormone to be able to act on a target cell?

protein receptors

In comparison to the nervous system, the endocrine system responds ______ and its actions are ______

slowly; long-lasting

Which of the following is a physiological stressor?

Extreme heat

Glands classified as ______ glands secrete substances (like sweat) onto free surface, like skin. Glands classified as ______ glands release their secretions (like hormones) into the bloodstream.

exocrine; endocrine

What are tropic hormones?

hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands

Match the gland with the location in the body where it is found.

-Sits on top of a kidney: Adrenal Gland -Found in the pelvis: Ovaries -Attached to the small intestines: Pancreas -Found in the neck: Thyroid gland -Found in the brain: Pituitary gland

Match each hormone with its action: 1. Thyroxine 2. Calcitonin 3. Parathyroid hormone 4. Epinephrine and norepinephrine 5. Aldosterone 6. Cortisol 7. Adrenal androgens 8. Insulin 9. Glucagon

1. Affects metabolic processes to increase energy and growth 2. Decreases calcium and phosphate levels in blood 3. Increases calcium and phosphate levels in blood 4. Actions are similar to the sympathetic response 5. Regulates electrolytes in the blood 6. Affects glucose metabolism 7. Supplements the major sex hormones 8. Decrease blood glucose levels, increases anabolic processes 9. Increases blood glucose levels, increases catabolic processes

Place the following events in the order they occur as a nonsteroid hormone activates its target cell.

1. Hormone binds to a receptor 2. G protein is activated 3. Adenylate cyclase molecules are activated inside the cell 4. Atp is converted to cAMP 5. Protein kinases are activated 6. Substances inside the cell are activated, resulting in production of the hormones effect

Match each pituitary hormone with its correct action: 1. Growth hormone 2. Prolactin 3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone 4. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 5. Follicle-stimulating hormone 6. Luteinizing hormone 7. Antidiuretic hormone 8. Oxytocin

1. Increases size and division rate of body cells 2. Sustains milk production after birth 3. Controls thyroid gland secretions 4. Controls adrenal cortex secretions 5. Stimulates development of eggs and sperm 6. Controls secretions from ovaries and testes 7. Causes kidneys to conserve water 8. Affects muscle contraction of uterus and mammary glans

Why are both kidneys and blood vessels able to respond to ADH?

Both have target cells with ADH receptors

What is the correct order of hormones released during a stress response (general adaptation syndrome)?

CRH -> ACTH -> cortisol

Hormonal release is constant and is not effected by sensory input. T/F

False

What organ controls the response to stress, called the general adaption syndrome?

Hypothalamus

Where is the thymus gland located?

In the mediastinum

Which of the following hormones is released when blood glucose levels are elevated?

Insulin

The hypothalamus uses nervous stimulation to control the secretion of hormones from which gland?

Posterior pituitary

Which gland secretes the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Posterior pituitary gland

What group of compounds is produced from a specific type of fatty acid and has powerful effects on cells and tissues?

Prostaglandins

Epinephrine is a hormone that cant cross the plasma membrane. What classification of hormone is it?

Protein or amine

Which of the following is true about steroid hormones?

Steroid hormones can diffuse through the lipid bilayer

Which of the following chemical classification of hormones is derived from cholesterol?

Steroids

What makes a cell a target cell for a hormone?

Target cells have specific receptors for the hormone.

How is ADH transported to the target cells?

Through the blood

Antidiuretic hormone is a posterior pituitary hormone. T/F

True

The hypothalamus regulates the activates of the ______ pituitary gland by ______

anterior; secreting hormones that inhibit or stimulate production of hormones

A secretion of a "local hormone" which affects only the cell secreting it, is what type of secretion?

autocrine

Since the hormone cant enter the cell, what chemical serves as the second messenger for the hormone?

cAMP

Chemically, hormones synthesized from ______ are classified as steroid hormones and hormones synthesized from _____ are classified as amines, peptides, or proteins .

cholesterol; amino acids

Which of the following would stimulate the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland?

darkness

An increase in the bodys metabolic rate is the the primary effect of what hormone?

thyroid hormone