Chapter 13: Abdominal Vasculature

Development of an arteriovenous fistula may be caused ____________ ?

A. Neoplasam - With the development of an AF and be caused by a number of things, the most common is a neoplasam

Normal diameter of the splenic vein should not exceed ______________ ?

B. 1.0 cm - It should never exceed 1.0 cm

The risk of rupture in an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 6.0 cm in diameter is approximately _________________ ?

B. 15 % within 5 years - In 5 years, if the AAA keeps growing it could rupture if it gets bigger than 6.0 cm.

The inferior vena cava generally measures less than ____________ ?

B. 2.5 cm - It should always measure less than 2.5 cm and should never exceed more than 3.0cm .

A fusiform aneurysm is best described as ______________ ?

B. A uniform dilatation of the arterial wall - Is characterized by a uniform dilation of the arterial walls.

The gonadal arteries arise from the ____________ ?

B. Abdominal aorta - they arise from the AA because of where the aorta rises

The first visecral branch of the abdominal aorta is the _______________ ?

B. Celiac Axis - It is the first branch of the abdominal aorta

Berry-shaped aneurtysms primarily affect ______________ arteries ?

B. Cerebral - They are very small, that primarly affect the cerebral arteries, because of how small they are.

A true aortic aneurysm is defined as a dilatation of the abdominal aorta is _________________ ?

B. Measuring 3.0 cm or greater - The diameter of the abdominal aorta must reach a minimum diameter of 3.0 cm for it to be considered a aneurysm

___________ vein courses in an oblique plane between the right and left lobes of the liver ?

B. Right portal vein - They course between the segments of the liver toward the IVC.

_____________ vascular structures courses posterior to the inferior vena cava ?

B. Right renal artery - Is a common landmark in sonography, and it courses posterior to the IVC.

The contour of a mycotic aneurysm is most commonly described as ____________ ?

B. Saccular shaped - Most often caused by an infection,an because with a mycotic aneyrusm it stems from a bacterial infection.

_______________ arteries gives rise to the gastroepiploic artery ?

B. Splenic Artery - The gastroepiploic artery rises from the splenic artery.

The normal diameter of the main portal vein should not exceed ?

C. 1.3 cm - It is a small vein, so when it goes over 1.3 an aneuysm is suspected.

The common iliac artery is considered enlarged after the diameter exceeds _______________ ?

C. 2.0 cm - After the diameter exceeds 2.0 cm, it is considered enlarged.

Duplication of the main renal arteries is demonstrated in approximately _______________ ?

C. 33% - This is the number of people who could have a duplication of the main renal arteries.

The abdominal aorta usually bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries at the level of the ______________ ?

C. 4th lumbar vertebra - Abdominal aorta bifurcates and enters at the the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra.

Patients with Marfan syndrome have a predisposing risk factor for developing a _____________ ?

C. Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Marfan syndrome is a musculoskeletal condition that usually affects the elastic fibers, which will increase the chances of developing an AAA.

_________ conditions most commonly coexists with a popliteal aneurysm ?

C. Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Since they already have abdominal aortic aneurysm, the patient tends to have other aneurysm.

Development of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is most commonly caused by _________________ ?

C. Arteriosclerosis - It is the most common predisposing factor for developing an AAA.

An infiltrating neoplasm within the inferior vena cava most commonly originates from ______________ structures ?

C. Kidney - A neoplasm from the kidney will extend into the renal vein and because the renal vein drains into the Ivc, the neoplasm can infiltrate.

The main portal vein bifurcates at the hepatic hilium into the ____________ ?

C. Left and Right portal veins - It bifurcates at the hepatic hilium into both these veins

______________ vessels course anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery ?

C. Left renal vein - It courses posterior and superior to the SMA.

_____________ aneurysms is associated with a recent history of bacterial infection ?

C. Mycotic - It usually originates from a bacterial infection in the body.

____________ vascular structures is most commonly mistaken as a dilated pancreatic duct ?

C. Splenic artery - They run closely together, and the splenic artery is a tortuous branch of the celiac axis.

Dilation of an artery caused by damage to one or more layers of the arterial wall describes a _________________ ?

C. pseudoaneurysm - It is defined as a dilation of an artery that is caused by a trauma to one of the layers of the artery.

The inferior vena cava is considered enlarged after the diameter exceeds ___________ ?

D. 3.7 cm - It should measure less than 3.7 cm because of the work the ivc does.

____________ amount of blood supplied to the liver from the portal venous system is approximately ?

D. 70 % - It is in the portal venous system and it supplies it to the liver.

The presence of a palpable "thrill" within the artery is suspicious for ___________ ?

D. Arteriovenous fistula - When you can feel the fistula it is usually an ateriovenous fistula.

The celiac axis branches into _____________ arteries ?

D. Common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries - It branches into the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries.

____________ vessels lies between the duodenum and the anterior portion of the pancreatic head ?

D. Gastroduodenal artery - The artery lies between the duodenum and the anterior aspect of the pancreatic head.

__________ structures is located anterior to the inferior vena cava ?

D. Head of the pancreas - It lies anterior to the ivc, and also lies anterior to the psoas muscle.

____________ arteries supplies the left transveres colon, and the sigmoid ?

D. Inferior mesenteric artery - It supplies blood flow to the three sturctures.

The left renal vein receives tributaries from ______________ vein ?

D. Left suprarenal and left gonadal veins - Recives the tributaries from these two veins one is tied to the kidney and the other to the gonads that runs in the urinary system

Direct extension of thrombus into the inferior vena cava is most likely caused by thrombus orginating in the _____________ ?

D. Right gonadal vein - Since it is a direct extension into the IVC, it would arise from the Right gonadal vein.

A dilation of an artery when compared with a more proximal segment describes ___________ abnormalities ?

D. Saccular aneurysm - Is a dilation of an artery that is chracterized by the focal outpouching of one arterial wall, that is most often caused by trauma or infection

_______________ statements most accurately describes the left renal vein ?

D. The left renal vein may appear dilated because of compression from the mesentery. - The normal compression from the mesentery may cause dilation of the left renal vien.

_____________ controls will decrease artifacutal echoes only within the abdominal aorta ?

D. Time gain compensation - When you decrease the tgc at the level of the abdominal aorta, that is the only place that will get rid of the echoes.