Chapter 13 and 14

The DNA backbone is composed of (choose all that apply)

sugars. phosphate groups.

Short, repeated sequences of DNA are characteristic of

telomeres

Griffith's experiments were important because they showed

that the genetic material could be passed from one cell to another

Griffith performed experiments, which demonstrated

transformation in bacteria.

Franklin determined that the structure of DNA was helical based on

x-ray diffraction analysis

Which enzymes did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty use in order to identify the genetic material?

DNA digesting enzymes protein digesting enzymes RNA digesting enzymes

In their experiments, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a substance, which had a transforming activity. Which of the following destroyed that substance's ability to transform bacterial cells?

DNA-digesting enzymes

What type of repair mechanisms is responsible for removing bases that were incorrectly inserted into DNA during replication?

Mismatch repair

Which of these is not required for DNA replication?

NADPH

What is the name of the subunit that acts as the sliding clamp, which keeps the replicating enzyme complex attached to the template in eukaryotic cells.

PCNA

DNA's phosphodiester _ is composed of sugars and phosphates.

backbone

Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous _ .

base

Nucleotides contain a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous _.

base

Genes, which contain trait specifying information, are located on

chromosomes

Based on replication proteins, DNA replication in archaea is most similar to that of

eukaryotes

This type of primase is a combination of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase that makes short RNA primers and then extends them with DNA to produce the final primer:

eukaryotic

Of the following list, which 3 items are required for DNA replication

nucleotides template polymerase

During semiconservative DNA replication

one of the strands in each new double helix comes from the original molecule, and one is newly synthesized.

DNA replication that leads to the production of double helices with one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand is consistent with

semiconservative replication

Which types of cells have more than one origin of replication?

Eukaryotes

Radiation, UV light, x-rays, and chemicals in the environment can cause mutations in DNA and are therefore referred to as _.

mutagens

Select all of the following that are components of a nucleotide.

nitrogenous base sugar phosphate group

The results of the Hershey and Chase experiments suggested that DNA was the genetic material because

radioactive bacteriophage DNA was found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells

List several differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication.

1. number of origins of replication 2. complexity of enzymology 3. structure of chromosome (linear vs. circular)

X-ray diffraction was used to determine that the diameter of a DNA molecule is

2 nm

Choose all characteristics of the transforming substance isolated by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty.

DNA-digesting enzymes destroyed its transforming ability. Protein-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability. RNA-digesting enzymes did not affect its transforming ability. The elemental composition of the substance was very similar to that of DNA.

n which of the following chromosomal entities are an individual's traits specified?

Genes

Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication are found at the replication fork in all three types of cells (bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic)? Choose all that apply.

Helicase Sliding clamp Primase Polymerases Clamp loader

_ repair is responsible for removing bases that were incorrectly incorporated into DNA during replication.

Mismatch

Which of the following are short repeats of DNA on the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes?

Telomeres

Why do eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication?

To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes

The major significance of the Hershey and Chase's experiments is that they

determined that DNA is the genetic material

Franklin used x-ray to suggest that DNA has a helical structure.

diffraction or crystallography

Agents that cause mutation are known as

mutagens

Repeating sugar and phosphate units in a single DNA strand make up the

phosphodiester backbone.

DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is complicated by the fact that eukaryotic cells have

linear chromosomes