Chapter 13

What nonhormonal chemical messenger is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting?

Prostaglandins

When the oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone target cells in the?

Uterus and the mammary glands (breasts).

What happens when a secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone by the heart occurs?

Blood pressure is regulated.

The anterior pituitary gland produces?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyriod-stimulating hormone (TSH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL), Growth hormone (GH).

During times of stress, the _______ released CRH to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release cortisol.

Hypothalamus.

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by?

Insulin

What hormone stimulates the production of testosterone in males?

LH.

Thyroxine is released from the thyroid in response to the presence of?

TSH

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they?

Are not lipid soluble and cannot cross the cell membrane.

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing?

Estrogen and Progesterone.

What is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

Iodine.

The thymus produces two peptides that function to?

Lymphocytes develop into mature T cells

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in?

Permanent changes in the final height of an adult, like dwarfism.

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by?

Promoting the entry of glucose into cells.

Luteinizing hormone is considered a gonadotropin because it?

Stimulates the growth, development, and function of the reproductive systems.

Hormones are specific to particular tissues because?

Target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone.

What part of the brain is part of the forebrain?

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland

Hyposecretion of ADH results in?

The kidneys to lose too much water, leading to a disorder called diabetes insipidus.

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels by promoting?

The utilization of fats and by increasing the breakdown of protein to amino acids in the muscle.

A goiter result from low dietary iodine levels because?

Thyroxine cannot be made causing high TSH levels stimulating the thyroid gland to grow to an enormous size in an effort to get the thyroid to make more hormones.