Chapter 13: Groups and Teams

Forming (Stage 1 of Group and team development)

Process of getting oriented and getting acquainted "Why are we here?" "Where do I fit in here?" In this stage, leaders focusing on giving people time to become acquainted and socialize

A team is a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and

approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

To develop a new board game, Hasbro brings together employees from manufacturing, design, sales, marketing, and market research to form a

cross-functional team.

Amber organized several teachers to discuss the school's interior painting scheduled for the summer. They looked at several brands and heard a presentation by a designer who then helped them choose a color palette to recommend to school administrators. In this instance, the teachers made up a(n)

formal group

During the forming stage of a group or team, the leader should encourage team members to

get to know one another.

Two or more freely interacting individuals who share norms, share goals, and have a common identity form a

group

A self-managed team is defined as a

group of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains.

A formal group is a group established to do something productive for the organization and is headed by a

leader

Cross-functional teams are designed to include

members from different areas within an organization, such as finance, operations, and sales

In the third stage, norming, conflicts are resolved, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge. Storming immediately

precedes norming.

At Parks and Helms Designers, a group of architects are developing the first drawings for a proposed multiuse office development in an older section of a large city that is being revitalized. What type of work team is this?

project team

Project teams are assembled to

solve a particular problem or complete a specific task.

Mauricio's team has entered the stage characterized by deciding expected team behaviors, apportioning the work, and developing team spirit. Which stage of development occurred immediately BEFORE this one?

storming

A _______ is a small set of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

team

Ronin is on a ________ team that consists of members who work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals.

virtual

What question does a group ask during the forming stage of development?

why are we here?

A group is defined as what 4 points?

(1) two or more freely interacting individuals who (2) share norms, (3) share goals, and (4) have a common identity.

Team Norms

-Norms= General guidelines or rules of behavior that most group or team members follow 1. Why are norms followed? To help the group survive To clarify role expectations To help individuals avoid embarrassing situations To emphasize group importance and identity

2 types of team roles

-Roles= A socially determined expectation of how an individual should behave in a specific position 1.Task roles= Consists of behavior that concentrates on getting the team's tasks done; i.e. initiator, information seeker, opinion giver, elaborator, coordinator, evaluator, recorder 2.Maintenance roles= Consists of behavior that fosters constructive relationships among team members; i.e. encourager, harmonizer, compromiser, standard setter, follower

What are the 5 types of teams?

-Work teams: have a clear purpose that all members share; usually permanent, and members must give their complete commitment to the team's purpose in order for the team to succeed -Project teams: assembled to solve a particular problem or complete a specific task, such as brainstorming new marketing ideas for one of the company's products -Cross-functional teams: include members from different areas within an organization, such as finance, operations, and sales -Self-managed teams: groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains -Virtual teams: work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine efforts and achieve common goals

Five Stage Model from Tuckman's Group and Team Development

1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning

five conversations (preempt)

1. Look: Spotting the difference -Colleagues make fast judgments about the character and competence of their peers on the basis of the briefest exposure. 2. Act: Misjudging behavior -On diverse teams, clashing behavioral norms are a problem. Trivial gestures can alienate people. 3. Speak: Dividing by language -The words people choose to express themselves, tolerance for humor etc. can all lead to misunderstandings. 4. Think: Occupying different mindsets -Biggest source of conflict is the way members think about the work they are doing. 5. Feel: Charting emotionals -Team members differ in intensity of feelings and how they convey passion in a group.

Four types of conflict

1. Personality conflicts -Interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike, disagreement, or differing styles -Personality clashes, competition for scarce resources, time pressure, communication failures 2.Intergroup conflicts -Inconsistent goals, ambiguous jurisdictions (when boundaries are unclear), and status differences -"We versus them" 3.Multicultural conflicts -Frequent opportunities for clashes between cultures in the global economy 4.Work-family conflicts -Occurs when the demands or pressures from work and family domains are mutually incompatible -Work responsibilities can interfere with family life, and family demands can interfere with work responsibilities

Five behaviors to better handle conflict

1. openness 2. equality 3. empathy 4. supportiveness 5. positiveness

virtual teams potential challenges

1.Difficult to establish team cohesion 2.Inability to observe nonverbal cues 3.Not a substitute for face-to-face contact

Formal vs. Informal Groups

1.Formal group= Group assigned by organizations or its managers to accomplish specific goals 2.Informal group= Group formed by people whose overriding purpose is getting together for friendship or a common interest

Difference between groups and teams

1.Group= Defined as (1) two or more freely interacting individuals who (2) share norms, (3) share goals, and (4) have a common identity 2.Team= Small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable

virtual teams potential benefits

1Reduced real estate costs 2.Ability to leverage diverse knowledge across geography and time 3.Reduce commuting and travel expenses

Storming (Stage 2 of group and team devleopment)

Characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group "What's my role here?" "Why are we fighting over who's in charge and who does what?" In this stage, leaders encouraging members to suggest ideas, voice disagreements, and work through their conflicts about tasks and goals

How to manage conflict?

Conflict= Process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party Functional conflict Benefits the main purposes of the organization and serves its interests Dysfunctional conflict Hinders the organization's performance or threatens its interest

norming (Stage 3 of Group and team development)

Conflicts are resolved, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge. "What do the others expect me to do?" "Can we agree on goals and work as a team?" In this stage, leaders should emphasize unity and help identify team goals and values.

Adjourning (stage 5 of group and team development)

Members prepare for disbandment. "What's next?" "Can we help team members transition out?" Leaders can help ease the transition by rituals celebrating "the end" and "new beginnings."

Performing (stage 4 of group and team devleopment)

Members should concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned tasks. "How can I best perform my role?" "Can we do the job properly?" In this stage, leaders should allow members the empowerment they need to work on tasks.

During the forming stage, leaders should allow time for people to become

acquainted and to socialize.

Self-managed teams are groups of workers who have been given ________ for their task domains.

administrative oversight

Five Conflict Handling Styles

avoiding= "Maybe the problem will go away" accommodating="Let's do it your way" forcing="You have to do it my way" compromising= "Let's split the difference" collaborating= "Let's cooperate to reach a win-win solution that benefits both of us"

On a virtual team, members work together over time and distance via electronic media to

combine effort and achieve common goals.