Chapter 13 Learning Curve
What was the Tupac Amaru revolt of 1780-1781?
Native revolt in Peru
In which major region of the Americas were Native Americans spared the impact of Eurasian diseases?
No region was ultimately spared.
What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?
Political rivalries between European powers motivated rulers to establish rival empires in the Americas.
Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish colonial economy in the former lands of the Aztecs and the Incas?
The economy was based on the twin pillars of mining and commercial agriculture.
What geographic advantage did Europeans have in their effort to found empires in the Americas?
The fixed winds of the Atlantic blew steadily in the same direction.
What are creoles?
What are creoles?
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact on Turkish women of the creation of the Ottoman Empire?
Women retained some of the social power that they had enjoyed in pastoral societies.
The single most important factor that aided the European conquest of the Americas was
disease.
Which of the following can be characterized as a "sugar colony"?
Brazil
Which region of the Americas imported the most slaves from Africa?
Brazil
Which of the following colonial regions was most heavily settled by Europeans?
British North America
Which of the following was a consequence of the introduction of horses to the North American West?
A male-dominated hunting and warrior culture displaced agricultural cultures in many areas.
Which of the following statements best reflects European motivations for overseas expansion at the end of the fifteenth century?
A wide variety of factors drove the rapid expansion.
Who was the greatest Mughal emperor who instituted sweeping policies of religious accommodation?
Akbar
Which of the following was a distinctive feature of racism in the United States as compared to Brazil?
Any African ancestry, no matter how small or distant, made a person "black" in British North America.
From whom did the Europeans learn about large-scale sugar production?
Arabs
Which Mughal emperor tried to impose Islamic supremacy in the Mughal Empire?
Aurangzeb
Which of the following statements is a true comparison of how Siberian peoples and Native Americans experienced empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Both Native Americans and Siberian peoples experienced devastating epidemics of new diseases for which they had little immunity.
Which colony produced as many as forty separate groups to indicate different racial mixtures?
Brazil
Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the slave plantation society in British North America as compared to Brazil?
By the 1860s, nearly all slaves in the United States had been born in the New World.
Which Russian ruler established religious tolerance for Muslims in the late-eighteenth century and created a state agency to oversee Muslim affairs?
Catherine the Great
For the mercantilist rulers of Europe, what did American colonies represent?
Closed markets for manufactured goods
Which of the following statements best reflects Spain's economic relationship with its American colonies?
Despite Spanish efforts, smuggling allowed Spanish colonists to exchange goods with Spain's rivals, undermining the economic benefits of the colonial empire.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes Europe's global position in 1450?
Europe remained marginal in Eurasian commerce.
What was a significant factor that motivated the Europeans to create their American empires?
Europe sought direct access to Asian wealth in order to avoid reliance on Muslim intermediaries.
What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands during the early modern period?
Europeans were able to take advantage of divisions within and between local Native American societies.
Which of the following was a policy instituted by the Mughal emperor Akbar concerning Hindu women?
He persuaded merchants to set aside special market days for women to moderate their seclusion in the home.
How did Governor Bradford of the Plymouth colony react to the massive die-off of Native Americans during the seventeenth century?
He saw it as the hand of God at work.
What was a significant factor that motivated Europeans to create their American empires?
Impoverished nobles and commoners found opportunity for gaining wealth and status in the Americas.
Which of the following statements is true of the Christian communities that the Ottomans conquered?
In many regions of the Balkans, Christians welcomed Ottoman conquest because taxes were lighter than under Christian rule.
When did the empire constructed by Russia between 1500 and 1800 finally collapse?
It collapsed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Which of the following best describes Britain's initial approach to ruling over its North American settler colonies?
It established joint stock companies and granted royal charters to wealthy individuals.
What is mercantilism?
It is an economic policy which holds that a country's interests are best served by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion.
Which of the following statements best reflects the long-term benefits of the Atlantic network?
It propelled Europe into an increasingly central and commanding role on the world stage.
What happened to Siberia upon the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991?
It remained an integral part of the Russian state.
What was encomienda?
It was a legal system in Spanish America that granted groups of native people to work for settlers.
Which of the following statements best reflects the process that built the Russian Empire?
It was an extended process that took three centuries.
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of the "great dying" on Native Americans in North America?
It was equally devastating, leading to a similar collapse in the population.
Which of the following statements best describes Spanish conquerors' relations with native women in the Americas?
Many Spaniards married elite native women.
Which of the following statements best describes societies in the Americas following the Columbian exchange?
Mixing of European, African, and Native American cultures created entirely new societies.
Which city-state emerged in the fifteenth century from two centuries of Mongol rule to build the Russian Empire?
Moscow
Which empire brought together much of Hindu South Asia under Muslim rule?
Mughal Empire
What was the term for the children of Portuguese African unions in Brazil?
Mulatto
Which of the following distinguished the construction of the Chinese empire between 1680 and 1760, from that of the Western European empires in the Americas?
Qing officials sharply restricted Chinese settlers from many regions.
Which two empires established the border between their states through the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689?
Russian and Chinese empires
Which of the following statements best reflects Russian consensus in the twenty-first century concerning their empire's identity?
Russians even in the twenty-first century have not reached consensus on the empire's identity.
As part of his reforms, Peter the Great founded this city to be Russia's "window on the West."
Saint Petersburg
Which of the following became part of the Russian Empire in the early modern period?
Siberia
Which of the following statements best reflects the fate of native Siberians in the three centuries between 1500 and 1800?
The Russian Empire reflected the final triumph of agrarian civilization over the hunting and pastoral societies of the region.
Which of the following statements best reflects the Spanish settlers as a social group in the lands of the Aztecs and Incas during the seventeenth century?
The group was unbalanced by gender, with few native Spanish women in the Americas.
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberia?
They Russified the region, with many native populations adopting the Russian language and converting to Christianity.
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Russian settlers on Siberian societies?
They came in such large numbers that they overwhelmed native populations, giving the region a Russian character.
Why did many Russian migrants choose to settle in Siberia?
They had access to better land.
In what way did the pastoral peoples who inhabited the grasslands to the south and east of the emerging Russian state in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries contribute to the growing Russian Empire?
They posed a security threat that encouraged Russia to expand its state into this region to protect its people.
How did conquistadores who helped to carve out the Spanish Empire in the Americas describe their motivations for doing so?
They went to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.
What position did Indians occupy in Spanish colonial societies?
They were abused and exploited as the primary labor force of Spain's colonial empire.
How did children born of unions between Russians and native Siberians fit into society during the early modern era?
They were generally absorbed into the Russian population.
Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Qing dynasty?
They were of nomadic origin, hailing from Manchuria.
What was a yasak in seventeenth-century Siberia?
Tribute paid by conquered people