Chapter 13

The key to fabric architecture is ______.

tension

Which innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?

*Improved milling lumber techniques *Mass-produced nails

What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?

*Stone *Wood

Which types of materials are suitable in the construction of load-bearing architecture?

*Adobe *Brick *Stone *Ice blocks

Look at this image. What type of skeleton-and-skin construction method is this?

Balloon frame

[ ] is the name for sun dried brick used as an architectural building material.

Blank 1: Adobe

What did the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London do?

Established the success of cast-iron as a building material

What can be inferred about modern architecture due to the advent of new technologies and materials?

It is better equipped to respond to community and environmental needs

Look at this image. What does the keystone do?

Supports the downward and outward thrust of the rounded arch

What is the ability for a building material to withstand stretching known as?

Tensile strength

What technological advancement of the 1980s influenced digital design and manufacturing?

The personal computer

R. Buckminster Fuller developed the ______ ______.

geodesic dome

Which of the following are examples of nomadic dwellings involving fabric architecture?

*Tents *Yurts

By what is the weight of a suspension bridge primarily supported?

A series of steel cables

The architectural element that gaps the transition from a square base to a domed roof is known as a ______.

pendentive

Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the ______ structural system.

shell

Used in building skyscrapers, ______ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone.

steel-frame

[ ] [ ] are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction.

Blank 1: Geodesic Blank 2: Domes or Dome

What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?

Indian

Which is NOT an advantage of balloon-frame construction?

It can be built to conceivably infinite heights.

What is a drawback of load-bearing construction?

The inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls

To what is green architecture largely a response?

The unsustainable cost of industrialization

What is the purpose of green architecture?

To create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat

Look at this image. What is the significance of the portico?

To trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple

True or false: Around 1980 many architects began using two-dimensional drawing programs to guide construction of architectural projects.

True

Which culture's hypostyle halls were relatively dark with only the very top of the load-bearing walls pierced with small windows?

Ancient Egypt

The ______ is the essential geometric form in the construction and support of a geodesic dome.

triangle

When deciding on the structural system for a building, ______ and ______ are the first considerations.

weight; tensile strength

[ ] construction was developed to allow for the fabrication of tall buildings not possible using balloon-frame techniques.

Blank 1: Steel-frame, Steel, Steel-framework, or Steel frame

Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of [ ] .

Blank 1: bridges

Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of [ ].

Blank 1: bridges

In architecture an element in compression is being [ ] , an element in tension is being [ ] .

Blank 1: pushed Blank 2: pulled

What structural feature reinforces and supports the outward thrusts of arches from the outside?

Buttresses

Look at this image. Which features of this work rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged?

Corbelled domes

What are the two main components of CAD/CAM?

Digital technology and computer-driven technology

True or false: Concrete was invented during the late 19th century as a cheap and easily transportable material.

False

Which architect used digital design and fabrication to create works such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao?

Frank Gehry

A circular opening at the top of a dome is called the ______.

oculus

What does the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system do in Eastern architecture?

It distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.

In a skeleton-and-skin system, what is the support structure of a building?

It is contained inside more fragile outer layers and is generally not visible.

What is the primary drawback of post-and-lintel architecture?

Its limitation to span relatively large open spaces

______ allow the height of a vault to be increased dramatically without necessitating a wider base.

Pointed arches

Our sense of community is strengthened by having access to what area?

Public spaces

Look at this image. Which type of construction is shown?

Round arch

What set includes common community buildings?

Schools, courthouses, libraries, and hospitals

Which is NOT a basic architectural structural system?

Stacking

What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?

Stone Age

As what are fabric structures also known?

Tensile structures

In a vaulted church, each rectangular division of space, consisting of one groin vault, is called a ______.

bay

During the mid-19th century the experimental use of ______ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system.

cast-iron

The decorative ornament on the ceiling of a dome, which also serves to lessen the weight, is known as ______.

coffering