Chapter 13 Practice Test
MS-DRG C Calculations: • MS-DRG A = 2.023 × 0.14 = 0.283; 0.283 + 2.023 = 2.306 × 323 = 744.84 • MS-DRG B = 0.987 × 0.20 = 0.197; 0.987 + 0.197 = 1.184 × 489 = 578.98 • MS-DRG C = 1.925 × 402 = 773.85 • MS-DRG D = 1.243 × 0.10 = 0.124; 1.243 - 0.124 = 1.119 × 386 = 431.93
Venice Bay Health Center collected the data displayed below concerning its four highest volume MSDRGs. CMS has increased the weight for MS-DRG A by 14%, increased the weight for MS-DRG B by 20%, and decreased the weight for MS-DRG D by 10%. Given these new weights, which MS-DRG generated the most revenue for Venice Bay Health Center?
A pie graph should not be used, because there are too many categories for effective display.
What conclusion can you make from the pie graph below?
There is more than one variable displayed on the chart.
What is the biggest problem with the pie graph displayed above?
type I error
What is the term used when we accept the null hypothesis when it is false?
Phyllis and Howard
Which of the following interactions fits the definition of a patient encounter?
t-test
Which statistical analysis would be the best technique to use on the following problem? A study compared the effects of retesting on the scores of students who failed a writing test. Students who did not pass on their first attempt were allowed to retest. Results showed that students had higher mean scores at retest whether they attended additional training before retesting or not.
hospital autopsy rate.
William Rumple was pronounced dead on arrival (DOA). The hospital pathologist performed an autopsy on Mr. Rumple's body. This statistical event would be counted in the
You are right-the means of a few large samples will yield more reliable results.
You and your colleague are designing a study to try to determine the ideal mean cost for a discretionary service. You will market your service to a very large population. Your colleague thinks you will get the best data if you take lots of small samples. You think the data will be more reliable if you take one or two very large samples.
inductive reasoning
John Parker surveyed members of AHIMA's student COP regarding the relationship between clinical experiences and job opportunities. All respondents were seniors in HIA programs and each one expected to graduate and take the national exam within the next 6 months. Fifteen of the 18 respondents indicated that at least one clinical rotation had resulted in a job offer. Based on this information, Parker expects to be offered a job during senior clinical rotations. John is basing this expectation on
result in a special cause variation in the average length of stay
Joseph Woodley has been on a third-floor nursing unit since October 2015 and was finally discharged to a nursing home in December 2016. When the average length of stay is calculated for the year 2016, this very long length of stay will
82.9
Lake City Health Center has 200 beds and 20 bassinets. In a nonleap year, Styles Hospital admitted 16,437 adults and children; 16,570 adults and children were discharged. There were 1,764 live births and 1,798 newborns discharged. The bed turnover rate for the year was
were admitted to the facility with infections than acquired infections in the hospital.
Look again at the graph you used for the last question. From this graph, you can assume that more people
a positive correlation between Variable A and Variable B.
Looking at the data represented in the scatter diagram below, you would conclude that there is
individuals within sample A differ more from one another than individuals within sample B.
Measurements within sample A are assumed to be more variable than measurements within sample B when
2 The day of admission is counted as an inpatient service day, but the day of discharge is not.
Mr. McDonaldson was admitted to your hospital at 10:45 PM on January 1. He died at 4:22 AM on January 3. How many inpatient service days did Mr. McDonaldson receive?
None of these deaths will be included in the gross death rate.
Ocean View Healthcare Center recorded six fetal deaths during the last year; details are listed below Fetal Death Information ID WEIGHT GESTATIONAL AGE A 526 g 22 weeks B 405 g 18 weeks C 817 g 26 weeks D 1,023 g 30 weeks E 629 g 24 weeks F 1,113 g 29 weeks
data → information → facts → knowledge.
Organizations collect statistics to increase their knowledge of a specified population. The knowledge does not come automatically-it is developed in the following sequence:
there was a large variation in the LOS
Pasadena Bay Hospital reports an average LOS in January of 3.7 days with a standard deviation of 20. This tells us that
frequency distribution.
Patients in the pediatrics ward were studied to determine their favorite color. The survey results are listed below. The results of the favorite color study are reported in a REPORTED FAVORITE COLOR OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AZURE TIDES HOSPITAL JANUARY 18, 2016 FAVORITE COLOR NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS RED 12 GREEN 14 BLUE 22 YELLOW 18 ORANGE 16
Wolf
Physicians at South Seas Clinic are expected to see six patients per hour on average. The physicians with the highest productivity each week are exempted from on-call responsibilities for the weekend. Which physician will get the weekend off this week? SOUTH SEAS CLINIC PHYSICIAN PRODUCTIVITY Week 1 January 2017 PHYSICIAN NAME NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED NUMBER OF PATIENTS SEEN Robinson 32 185 Beasley 30 161 Hiltz 35 200 Wolf 26 157
88.2% (12,345 x 100) / (500 x 28) = 88.2%
Royal Palm Hospital has 500 beds and 55 bassinets. In February of a nonleap year, it reported the following statistics: Inpatient service days: Adult and pediatric 12,345 Newborn 553 Discharges: Adult and pediatric 1,351 Newborn 77 Discharge days: Adult and pediatric 9,457 Newborn 231 What was the percentage of occupancy for adults and pediatrics in February?
7 days 9,457 discharge days/1,351 discharges = 7 days (Count the day of admission but not discharge.)
Royal Palm Hospital has 500 beds and 55 bassinets. In February of a nonleap year, it reported the following statistics: Inpatient service days: Adult and pediatric 12,345 Newborn 553 Discharges: Adult and pediatric 1,351 Newborn 77 Discharge days: Adult and pediatric 9,457 Newborn 231 What was the average length of stay at Royal Palm Hospital in February?
1.6 (27 x 100) / 1,652 = 1.6%
Sandy Beach Hospital reports 1,652 discharges for September. The infection control report documents 21 nosocomial infections and 27 community-acquired infections for the same month. What is the community-acquired infection rate?
73,000. 200 beds x 365 days in a nonleap year = 73,000 (Note: Bassinets are excluded.)
Sea Crest Hospital has 200 beds and 20 bassinets. There was a sudden spurt in the birth rate in the town in November. The hospital set up five additional bassinets for the entire month. Total bed count days for Sea Crest Hospital in a nonleap year would be
BeHealthy.
Sea Side Clinic (SSC) provides episode of care service for four insurance companies. Data on services provided and reimbursement received are provided below. It would be most profitable for Sea Side Clinic to increase episode of care service with
56 50 + (3 sets of twins x 2 births per set) = 56 births
The following obstetrical statistics were collected for the month of October. Use the data in the table below to answer the question. The number of births in the facility in October is
55 Multiple births are one delivery; fetal deaths are counted as deliveries 50 + 3 + 1 + 1 = 55
The following obstetrical statistics were collected for the month of October. Use the data in the table below to answer the question. The number of deliveries in the facility in October is
multimodal
The graph below can best be described as
57
All Women's Hospital reports the following statistics: Single births Vaginal 40 C-section 0 Twin births Twins&—vaginal 12 (6 sets) Twins&—C-section 8 (4 sets) Other multiple births 0 Intermediate fetal deaths Vaginal 5 C-section 0 Late fetal deaths Vaginal 2 C-section 0 How many deliveries occurred?
***inpatient census. daily census. inpatient service day. daily inpatient census
All of the following items mean the same thing, EXCEPT
it will be more difficult for investigator A to reject statistical null hypotheses if he always works at the 10% level compared with investigator B who works at the 5% level.
Investigator A claims that his results are statistically significant at the 10% level. Investigator B argues that significance should be announced only if the results are statistically significant at the 5% level. From this we can conclude that
16 days. 1/24 - 31 = 8 days + 2/1 through 2/8 = 8 days so 8 + 8 = 16 (Count the day of admission but not discharge.)
A patient admitted to the hospital on January 24 and discharged on February 9 has a length of stay of
nominal data
A small portion of the form you are using for a research study is reproduced below. Male 1 Female 2 This is an example of
1.89
A study found that liver cancer rates per 100,000 males among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers in a major U.S. city were 48.0 and 25.4, respectively. The relative risk of developing liver cancer for male smokers compared to nonsmokers is
This is a Pareto diagram; twelve (12) errors were due to skipped words.
A transcription supervisor collected the data displayed above. What kind of data display is it? And how many errors are attributed to skipped words?
Jason forgot to put the numbers in sequential order before determining the median.
Jason collected data on the length of stay (LOS) for 10 patients and then determined the median LOS as follows: What is wrong with Jason's determination of the median?
shifted to the right.
A distribution is said to be positively skewed when the mean is
intermediate fetal death
A fetal death occurring during the 21st week of pregnancy, weighing 1,000 g is considered to be a(n)
88% (28,690 + 27,400 + 19,250) x 100 (151 x 200) + (137 x 250) + (77 x 275) = 88.0 = 88%
A hospital reported the following statistics during a nonleap year. Calculate the percentage of occupancy for the entire year. Time Period Bed Count Inpatient Service Days January 1-May 31 200 28,690 June 1-October 15 250 27,400 October 16-December 31 275 19,250
the time sequence of exposure and disease is usually not known.
A major disadvantage of cross-sectional studies is that
dashboard.
A method that has been developed for representing a variety of data on a single display in an easy-to-read format is called a
227 (75,860 + 7,100) / 365 = 227 (Note: Average daily census includes adult and pediatrics, but NOT newborns.)
Bayside Hospital has 275 adult beds, 30 pediatric beds, and 40 bassinets. In a nonleap year, inpatient service days were 75,860 for adults, 7,100 for pediatrics, and 11,800 for newborns. What was the average daily census for the year?
101-43-26
CASE NUMBER BRIEF DESCRIPTION 101-43-26 A 32-year-old female was admitted through the ED following an automobile accident. She spontaneously delivered a 720 g fetus that showed no sign of life. 101-44-23 A 22-year-old female was admitted in labor. Following an uneventful course, she delivered a 7 lb 4 oz term male. The child developed sudden and unexpected respiratory distress. All attempts at resuscitation failed; the baby was pronounced dead less than 2 hours after delivery. 101-48-69 A 19-year-old female spontaneously delivered a 475 g fetus following a fall down the stairs at home. 101-56-29 A 28-year-old female was admitted for a late-term therapeutic abortion. The procedure was completed without complication; product of conception weighed 728 g. The OB/GYN Department reported the information in the table shown above to the Quality Management/Statistics Committee. When the committee considers these adverse outcomes from the OB/GYN Department, which of the cases will be included in the numerator of the facility's fetal death rate?
8 minutes
The following data were collected in your physician office practice from one morning's visits. Office Visit ID Number Minutes with the Physician Physician 508-123 5 Robinson 508-124 9 Robinson 508-125 8 Beasley 508-126 12 Wolf 508-127 6 Beasley 508-128 7 Beasley 508-129 5 Wolf 508-130 10 Baumstark 508-131 7 Baumstark 508-132 9 Robinson 508-133 11 Wolf The median number of minutes with the physician (considering all physicians) is
101-44-23
CASE NUMBER BRIEF DESCRIPTION 101-43-26 A 32-year-old female was admitted through the ED following an automobile accident. She spontaneously delivered a 720 g fetus that showed no sign of life. 101-44-23 A 22-year-old female was admitted in labor. Following an uneventful course, she delivered a 7 lb 4 oz term male. The child developed sudden and unexpected respiratory distress. All attempts at resuscitation failed; the baby was pronounced dead less than 2 hours after delivery. 101-48-69 A 19-year-old female spontaneously delivered a 475 g fetus following a fall down the stairs at home. 101-56-29 A 28-year-old female was admitted for a late-term therapeutic abortion. The procedure was completed without complication; product of conception weighed 728 g. Which of the cases listed in the table above will have an impact on the facility's gross death rate?
(48-10 x 100) / (1,382 - 10) 48 - 38 deaths over 48 hours = 10 deaths less than 48 hours.
During the month of September, Superior Health Care Center had 1,382 inpatient discharges, including 48 deaths. There were 38 deaths over 48 hours. Statistics also show 4 fetal deaths, 3 DOAs, and 4 inpatient coroner's cases. Which of the following calculations is correct to figure the net death rate?
mean
Englewood Health Center collected the following data on patients discharged on January 1, 2016. Which measure of central tendency would be most affected by Mallory's extremely long LOS? Patient Name Length of Stay Ben 1 Josh 2 Emma 3 Bryan 4 Mallory 29 Taylor 2 Matthew 3 Aiden 2 Trevor 4 Tyler 2
larger frequencies are concentrated at the low end of the variable.
Given a positively skewed frequency distribution
added to the numerator of the hospital's nosocomial infection rate.
Harry H. Potts was admitted to your hospital to receive a second round of chemotherapy for an invasive tumor. Four days after admission, Harry complained of a sore throat and developed a fever. Harry's throat culture was positive for strep. His strep throat will be
the standard deviation remains the same.
If a constant is added to all measurements within a sample
2.4% 3,545 requested records x 100 / 150,000 total records = 354,500/150,000 = 2.36 = 2.4%.
If there are 150,000 medical records and the Health Information Department receives 3,545 requests for records in a week, what percentage of the records are requested weekly?
multiplied each pair of the X and Y scores, then summed their values.
In statistics, the notation "ΣXY" means
service B with BeHealthy. Arrive at the answer by calculating the reimbursement per unit for each service and averaging those answers, as shown below: INSURANCE COMPANY UNITS OF SERVICE A REIMBURSEMENT FOR SERVICE A REIMBURSEMENT PER UNIT FOR SERVICE A UNITS OF SERVICE B REIMBURSEMENT FOR SERVICE B REIMBURSEMENT PER UNIT FOR SERVICE B TOTAL REIMBURSEMENT AVERAGE REIMBURSEMENT PER UNIT OF SERVICE Lifecare 259 31,196.55 120.45 812 163,577.40 201.45 194,773.95 160.95 Get Well 786 100,859.52 128.32 465 96,929.25 208.45 197,788.77 168.39 SureHealth 462 54,631.50 118.25 509 107,093.60 210.40 161,725.10 164.33 Be Healthy 219 26,991.75 123.25 417 89,425.65 214.45 116,417.40 168.85
Sea Side Clinic (SSC) provides episode of care service for four insurance companies. Data on services provided and reimbursement received are provided below. The most profitable insurance company for the units of services Sea Side Clinic performs is
LOS would increase through the year and drop when patient is discharged.
Still thinking about Mr. Woodley and his long stay, if you were to graph the ALOS for the facility for 2015, which of the following graphs would you expect to see?
5.5% Calculations: 361 total inpatient deaths x 100/6,614 total discharges = 5.45 = 5.5% Fetal deaths and outpatient deaths are not included in this calculation.
Tampa Bay Health Center discharged 6,069 adults/children and 545 newborns last year. A total of 1,648 adults/children and 1,279 newborns were seen in the emergency department. Information on the deaths at Happy Valley last year is listed below. What was the gross (hospital) death rate at Tampa Bay Health Center last year?
1.7%
Tampa Bay Health Center discharged 6,069 adults/children and 545 newborns last year. A total of 1,648 adults/children and 1,279 newborns were seen in the emergency department. Information on the deaths at Happy Valley last year is listed below. What was the net death rate at Tampa Bay Health Center last year?
continuous correlation coefficient
The American Health Information Management Association conducted a study on job stress and job satisfaction in HIM professionals with more than 5 years of experience. The data they collected are displayed below. The researchers at AHIMA who had professionals with 5 or more years' HIM experience rate their stress on a scale of 1-5, as shown in the chart above. Both job satisfaction and job stress are continuous variables. If the AHIMA researchers want to assess both the direction and the degree of the relationship between these two continuous variables, they may choose to compute the
chance that the results are due to a sampling error decreases
The American Health Information Management Association conducted a study on job stress and job satisfaction in HIM professionals with more than 5 years of experience. The data they collected are displayed below. A researcher has repeated the same study 10 times. Each time the study is repeated, the p value decreases. As the p value approaches zero, the
you can assume there is a positive relationship between variable A and variable B.
The American Health Information Management Association conducted a study on job stress and job satisfaction in HIM professionals with more than 5 years of experience. The data they collected are displayed below. Based on the data displayed in the graph AHIMA created,
null hypothesis.
The American Health Information Management Association conducted a study on job stress and job satisfaction in HIM professionals with more than 5 years of experience. The data they collected are displayed below. The researchers at AHIMA started by assuming there was no relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. This statement is generally called the
6.8%
The New Beginnings Maternity Center recorded the following statistics in December: FETAL DEATHS EARLY 240 INTERMEDIATE 40 LATE 32 BIRTHS 980 DELIVERIES 994 NEWBORN DISCHARGES 1,008 What was the fetal death rate at New Beginnings Maternity Center in December?
reliability
The ability to obtain the same results from different studies using different methodologies and different populations is
68%
The chart above shows a normal distribution. What percentage of the cases fall within the two lines showing the standard distribution between -1 and +1 on either side of the mean?
Coder C
The coding supervisor at Bayside Hospital regularly has the coders recode records from the previous week in an effort to improve and monitor coding consistency. The supervisor has collected the data displayed below on four coders. Coder Records Under Review Same Code on Self-Coding Review Same Code on Peer Coding Review Coder A 28 22 20 Coder B 18 16 16 Coder C 45 42 43 Coder D 17 15 16 The coder with the highest overall accuracy rating will get the day after Thanksgiving off. Which coder will get to spend the day after Thanksgiving off rather than coding?
interrater reliability
The coding supervisor at Bayside Hospital regularly has the coders recode records from the previous week in an effort to improve and monitor coding consistency. The supervisor has collected the data displayed below on four coders. Coder Records Under Review Same Code on Self-Coding Review Same Code on Peer Coding Review Coder A 28 22 20 Coder B 18 16 16 Coder C 45 42 43 Coder D 17 15 16 The data in the column on the far right were collected when the coders traded records for recoding. This is a common practice used to check
normal distribution or curve
The data display below is a
negatively skewed.
The data displayed in the histogram below could best be described as
Wolf
The following data were collected in your physician office practice from one morning's visits. Office Visit ID Number Minutes with the Physician Physician 508-123 5 Robinson 508-124 9 Robinson 508-125 8 Beasley 508-126 12 Wolf 508-127 6 Beasley 508-128 7 Beasley 508-129 5 Wolf 508-130 10 Baumstark 508-131 7 Baumstark 508-132 9 Robinson 508-133 11 Wolf Which physician spent the longest average time with patients on that day?
8 minutes Calculation: 5 + 9 + 8 + 12 + 6 + 7 + 5 + 10 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 89 / 11 = 8.09
The following data were collected in your physician office practice from one morning's visits. Office Visit ID Number Minutes with the Physician Physician 508-123 5 Robinson 508-124 9 Robinson 508-125 8 Beasley 508-126 12 Wolf 508-127 6 Beasley 508-128 7 Beasley 508-129 5 Wolf 508-130 10 Baumstark 508-131 7 Baumstark 508-132 9 Robinson 508-133 11 Wolf The mean number of minutes with the physician (considering all physicians) is
69 67 + 2 = 69 admissions/discharges same day (Transfers to other facilities and deaths are forms of discharge.)
The inpatient census at midnight is 67. Two patients were admitted in the morning; one died 2 hours later; the second patient was transferred to another facility that same afternoon. The inpatient service days for that day will be
reduce selection bias in allocation of treatment.
The major purpose of random assignment in a clinical trial is to
type I error
The name given to the error committed when the null hypothesis is rejected and it is actually true is
concurrently describing characteristics and health outcomes at one specific point in time.
The people of Treasure Island Beach have been struck with a rash that seems to be infecting almost everyone in town. The staff of the hospital is working to design a study of this mysterious disease. They decide to do a cross-sectional study because cross-sectional or prevalence studies are known for
Truba.
The physicians at Sunset Shore Clinic reported the following statistics last Tuesday. It takes twice as long to perform Service C, so the doctors decided Service C should count as two services for the purpose of calculating workload. If Service C counts twice as much as Service A or Service B, then the physician who provided the most services was Doctor
Wooley. Calculate by adding total services: PHYSICIAN SERVICE A SERVICE B SERVICE C TOTAL SERVICES Truba 1 0 22 1 0 42 Wooley 1 4 22 9 45 Howe 1 8 5 6 29 Masters 1 2 20 7 39
The physicians at Sunset Shore Clinic reported the following statistics last Tuesday. The physician who performed the highest number of services overall last Tuesday was Doctor
investigator determines who is and who is not exposed.
The primary difference between an experimental (randomized) clinical trial and other observational study designs in epidemiology is that in an experimental trial, the
400
The standard deviation of a particular set of measures was found to be 20.00. The sample variance would then be:
17.7% (3,699 x 100) / 20,932 = 17.7%
The statistics reported for a 300-bed hospital for 1 year were 20,932 discharges with 136,651 discharge days and 3,699 consultations performed. What was the consultation rate for the year?
incidence was 3 per 1,000 persons
Twelve new cases of a certain disease occurred during the month of August. If 4,000 persons were at risk during August, then the
decreasing p or increasing B
Use the formula below as a resource to answer the question. After the researchers see the number of subjects they will have to interview, they reexamine their criteria. The researchers could decrease the number of subjects while having the least impact on the reliability of the study by
300. Use the formula below as a resource to answer questions 93 and 94. FORMULA FOR CALCULATING SAMPLE SIZE n = N p (1 - p) (N - 1 ) (B 2) + (p) (1 - p) 4
Use the formula below as a resource to answer the question. If population size (N) = 1,200 and the proportion of subjects needed (p) = 0.5 and the acceptable amount of error (B) = 0.05, then sample size (n) =
38
Use the historical graph below to answer question. The total number of infections at South Beach Hospital during the first quarter (January-March) was
a large standard deviation because the dispersion is large.
Use this portion of the discharges printout below to answer this question. Discharge List Patient # Admit Date Service Physician ID Room # LOS 12-32-21 1/02/15 MED 212 44-A 13 12-32-22 1/02/15 SURG 218 32 13 12-32-85 1/14/15 PEDS 214 23-B 1 11-99-94 1/12/15 MED 212 46-A 3 10-93-23 1/10/15 MED 212 45 5 12-35-94 1/11/15 SURG 218 33 4 10-85-14 1/01/15 PEDS 214 23-A 14 Looking more closely at the LOS for these patients, when you calculate the standard deviation on the data, you would expect
range of the data set.
Use this portion of the discharges printout below to answer this question. Discharge List Patient # Admit Date Service Physician ID Room # LOS 12-32-21 1/02/15 MED 212 44-A 13 12-32-22 1/02/15 SURG 218 32 13 12-32-85 1/14/15 PEDS 214 23-B 1 11-99-94 1/12/15 MED 212 46-A 3 10-93-23 1/10/15 MED 212 45 5 12-35-94 1/11/15 SURG 218 33 4 10-85-14 1/01/15 PEDS 214 23-A 14 Without even performing any complex calculations, you can get a quick, simple measure of dispersion in the LOS for yesterday's discharges by computing the
MS-DRG C • MS-DRG A = 2.023 × 323 = 653.43 • MS-DRG B = 0.987 × 489 = 482.64 • MS-DRG C = 1.925 × 402 = 773.85 • MS-DRG D = 1.243 × 386 = 479.80
Venice Bay Health Center collected the data displayed below concerning its four highest volume MSDRGs. The MS-DRG that generated the most revenue for Venice Bay Health Center is
Bon Appetite or Mario's Calculations: 95% of the observations fall within two standard deviations of the mean, so the cost of a lunch at Bon Appetite will be between $6.50 [8 - (2 x 0.75)] and $9.50 [8 + (2 x 0.75)]. Lunch at Mario's will be between $5.50 [7.5 - (2 x 1)] and $9.50 [7.5 + (2 x 1)]. Lunch at Au Courant will cost too much [$9 + (2 x 1.25) = $11.50]. As will the Windy City Grill [$7.50 (2 x 1.5) = $10.50].
You are choosing restaurants where you might eat while you are in Chicago at the AHIMA Leadership Conference. You have collected the following information about four possible lunch restaurants that are all located within easy walking distance of the meeting site. The data are displayed below. RESTAURANT NAME MEAN LUNCH COST STANDARD DEVIATION Bon Appetite $8.00 0.75 Mario's $7.50 1 Au Courant $9.00 1.25 The Windy City Grill $7.50 1.5 You want to stay within the reimbursement rate allowed by your Component State Association, so it is important to you that you have at least a 95% chance of eating a lunch that costs no more than $10.00. Therefore, when lunchtime comes, you head to
systematic sampling.
You are conducting a patient satisfaction survey in your outpatient clinic using interviewers who administer a questionnaire. Because you typically see about 300 people per day in the clinic, you decide to have the interviewers administer the questionnaire on every tenth patient. You are using
ordinal
You are conducting a study on the pain associated with a specific illness. For the purpose of your study, you classify pain level as follows: CODE PAIN LEVEL (as described by the patient) 01 None 02 Little or Minimal 03 Moderate 04 Heavy 05 Severe These data are best described as
do not dip snuff and who are free of any signs of throat cancer.
You are planning a prospective study to try to prove a cause and effect relationship between dipping snuff and throat cancer. First, you identify subjects who regularly dip snuff and who are free of any signs of throat cancer. Next, you need to identify subjects who
histogram.
You are preparing data from a series of weight loss studies for display. The data collected during the study are as follows: POUNDS LOST NUMBER IN GROUP A WITH THIS WEIGHT LOSS NUMBER IN GROUP B WITH THIS WEIGHT LOSS 7.5 - 9.4 1 2 9.5 - 11.4 3 2 11.5 - 13.4 6 5 13.5 - 15.4 5 4 15.5 - 17.4 8 7 17.5 - 19.4 2 3 If you want to allow the reader to compare the results of Group A with those of Group B on one graphic display, your best choice would be to construct a.
pie graph
You are trying to improve communication with your staff by posting graphs of significant statistics on the employee bulletin board. You recently calculated the percentage of time employees spend on each of six major tasks. Because you would like the employees to appreciate each task as a percentage of their whole day, you will post these figures using a
84
You have been conducting productivity studies on your coders and find that 20% of their time is devoted to querying physicians about missing or unclear diagnoses. Assuming your coders work a 7-hour day, how many minutes do they spend per day querying physicians?
use a column chart instead of a bar chart.
You have just constructed the chart displayed below. The names of the hospital services are hard to read. The best way to deal with this problem would be to
mode.
You have made a list of the advantages and disadvantages of a measure of central tendency. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Easy to obtain and interpret May not be descriptive of the distribution Not sensitive to extreme observations in the frequency distribution May not be unique Easy to communicate and explain to others Does not provide information about the entire distribution The measure of central tendency you are describing is th
prospective study design.
You point out to your administrator that the study model generally accepted to be the best method to determine the magnitude of risk in the population with the characteristic or suspected risk factor is the
frequency polygon or histogram.
You want to construct a data display for a frequency distribution. You will use a
line graph
You want to graph the number of patients admitted to three different medical staff services on each day of the last month. Because you have a large number of observations (one for each day of the month) and you want to be able to compare the observations for each of the three services on one data display, your best choice is a
less expensive than prospective studies because it uses existing records.
Your administrator is concerned about the snuff study. The administrator would like to consider using a case-control study model rather than the prospective one you are planning. One of the biggest reasons the administrator is promoting the case-control model is because case-control is
interviews
Your facility conducted a study of patient satisfaction, but you question the reliability of the questionnaire you used. The high degree of patient satisfaction expressed on the questionnaire just does not match the large number of complaints you have been receiving. You decide to try switching to an investigative strategy that will give you an immediate opportunity to review patient responses and correct errors. You have decided to use
Kurtosis
______________ refers to the flatness or peakedness of one distribution in relation to another distribution.
