Chapter 13 Pretest- Anatomy

the adult human brain contains almost () of the body's neural tissue

97%

structure labeled 10

central canal

the presence of many large highly-branched Puekinje cells is a sample of brain tissue indicated that it came from the

cerebellar cortex

structure labeled 3

cerebral aqueduct

the third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the

cerebral aqueduct

nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the

cerebral peduncles

what is produced by the structure labeled 2

cerebrospinal fluid

a neural cortex is found on the surface of the

cerebrum

the highest levels of information processing occur in the

cerebrum

overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

cererbrum

gustatory information reachers the brain by way of

cranial nerve a

structure labeled 7

dura mater

the dural sinuses are located in the

dural folds

the dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

flax cerebri

which of these dural folds is mismatched with its location

flax cerebri

a tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the

fornix

the ventricle associated with the pons and the upper medulla is the

fourth

each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through an

intraventricular foramen

the control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

medulla oblongata

joe beings to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cuase of these disorders. in what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located

hypothalamus

the () provides the principle link between the nervous and endocrine systems

hypothalamus

the floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

hypothalamus

parkinson disease is the result of

inadequate production fo dopamine by substantial nigra neurons

the cerebellum and the pons form the

metencephalon

the tracts that link the cerebellum with the pons is the

middle cerebellar peduncles

as you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become

more complex and less crucial to visceral functions

what is the function of the nerve labeled 10

motor- oculomotor

after suffering a blow to the back of the head, phil less his vision. the blow probably caused damage to the

occipital lobe

the visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe

droopy eyelids and double vision can result form injury to the () nerve

oculomotor

the only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is

olfaction

olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the

olfactory bulb

what is the function of the structure labeled 7

olfactory-smell

damace to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

play the piano

the tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the

pons

which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain

prosencephalon

the basal nuclei

provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements like walking

the tympanic reflex

restricts movement of auditory ossicles

hydrocephalus of "water on the brain" may

result from blockage of CSF circulation of excessive CSF production

what contains a spiderweb like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows

subarachnoid space

examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. this tissue probably came from the

substantia nigra

which antibiotic enters the CNS without difficulty because it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier

sulfadiazine

the tectum of the mesencephalon contains the

superior and inferior colliculi

the () receive visual input from the lateral geniculates

superior colliculi

cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the

superior sagital sinus

damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

visual and auditory reflex of the head and neck

the medulla oblongata regulates q

blood pressure and respiration

the pons contains

-all of the above sensory and motor nuclei for 4 cranial nerves, nuclei concerned with control of respiration, tracts that link cerebrum with brain stem

the nucleus gracilis and the nucleus cutaneus

-are located in the medulla oblongata -relay somatic sensory information to the thalamus

which of the following are true of the epithalamus

-contains choroid plexus and pineal glands, forms roots of diencephalon

there are () pairs of cranial nerves

12

the cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are

3,4,5

the choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about

500ml per day

a person with a damaged visual association area may be

able to see letters but unable to associate them into words

which of the following help protect the brain

al of the above

which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus

all produce ADH -controls autonomic centers -regulates body temp -secretes oxytocin

higher order function

all of the above

which of the following is a property of the maxillary bodies

all of the above

ependymal cells work to

all of the above -remove wastes from CSF -Secrete CSF into ventricles -surround capillaries of choroid plexus

integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or right hemisphere. these complex processes include

all- writing -mmathematic computation -understanding spatial relationships

Which of the following is a property of the blood brain barrier

all: -capillary endothymal cells are interconnected by tight junctions -is generally permeable to lipid soluble compounds -astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries -it is absent in proportions to the hypothalamus

the general interpretive ares

allows us to interpret what is read or heard

the () is located at the tip of the tail of the caudate nucleus

amygdaloid body

structure labeled 8

arachnoid granulations

the white matter of the cerebellum forms the

arbor vitae

the anterior nuclei of the thalamus

are a part of the limbic system

cortical regions that interpret sensory info or coordinate motor responses are a called () ares

association

the cells that cover the outer surfaces of the CNS endothelia cells are the

astrocytes

what is the function of the nerved labeled 4

auditory- hearing

at the optic chasm,

axons form the nasal halves of each retina cross

within each hemisphere , deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the

basal nuclei

the corpus callosum is composed of

commissural fibers

the medial nuclei of the thalamus

connect the emotional center in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe of the cerebrum

the maxillary bodies of the hypothalamus

control feeding reflexes

a reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the () reflex

corneal

which cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders", that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen

cranial nerve 5

which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem

diencephalon

as CSF circulates () between it and the interstitial fluid of the CSF is unrestricted between and across the ependyma

diffusion

an () is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time

electroencephalogram

specialized () cells form the secretory components of the choroid plexus

ependymal

the cardiovascular reflexes are based in the

medulla oblongata

which of the following is not a property of the limbic system

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. when he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases. this implies damage to the

general interpretive area

which of the following is not a component of the limbic systme

globus pallidus

which sensations does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry

hearing and equlibrium

the () is important in storage and recall of new and long-term memories

hippocampus

which of the following is not one of the basal nuclei

hippocampus

a patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. which cranial nerve is affected

hypoglossal

simulation of the reticular formation results in

increased consciousness

excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to

increased muscle tone

the medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the

inferior colliculi

the reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. which nuclei accomplish this

inferior colliculi

the region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the

insula

() centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech

integrative

the brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brains are the

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

cerebrospinal fluid

is secreted by ependymal cells

male brains are typically () compared to female brains

larger

cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the

lateral and mediam apertures

the posterior nuclei of the thalamus include

lateral geniculate, medial geniculate

the optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the

lateral geniculates

the superior border of the temporal lobe is marked by the

lateral sulcus

after suffering a stroke, mary finds that she cannot mover her right arm. this would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the () lobe

left frontal

the putamen and globes pallidus are frequently considered to be subdivisions of the

lentiform nucleus

terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. what system of the brain is probably damaged

limbic system

decisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are

lobes

the two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ()

mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

the () relay auditory info to the auditory cortex

medial geniculates

autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata

the region of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is the

parietal and frontal lobes

the cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the

parietal lobe

damage to the substantial nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. this causes a gradual, generalized increase in muncle tone, which is a main symptom of

parkinson disease

the layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the

pia mater

what structure is covered mainly by blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain

pia mater

the sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the () and ()

precentral and prefrontal gyrus

the primary motor cortex is the surface of the

precentral gyrus

the region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the

prefrontal cerebral cortex

difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to the

prefrontal cortex

the surface of the post central gyrus contains the () cortex

primary sensory

which of the following is a function of the thalamus

process sensory information and relay it to cerebrum

the internal capsule of the cerebrum is composed of

projection fibers

which of the following is not a function of the cerebrospinal fluid

provides a medium for nerve impulse transmission

the () integrates sensory information for projection to the cerebral corte

pulvinar

damage to the superior colliculi would interfere with the reflex ability to

react to bright light

the ventral nuclei of the thalamus

receive input from the basal ganglia receive input from the cerebellum, receive general sensory input

the regions of the mesencephalon that issue subconscious motor commands that affect upper limb position and background muscle tone are the

red nuclei

damage to the pre optic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem

reduced body temperature

the thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the

septum pellucidum

you suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

smell his food

increased production and release of acetycholine by neurons of the cerebral nuclei would result in

spastic uncontrollable muscles contractions

during embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum

telencephalon

the auditory cortex is located in the

temporal lobe

sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus

the () filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex

thalamus

the respiratory rhythmicity center is located in

the medulla oblongata

identity the nerve labeled 11

trigeminal

jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. what cranial nerve does the densest block

trigeminal

the cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

trigeminal

difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerves?

vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

what is the function of the nerve leveled 5

vagus- send responses to heart and diaphragm

absorption at the arachnoid granulations returns CSF to the

venous circulation

jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut, as a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to

verbally identify an object placed on her left land

the cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

vermis

damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral corte would directly affect the

voluntary motor activity

which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle