Chapter 13: The Central Nervous System

Which of these regions is the largest part of the diencephalon and forms the upper and lateral walls of the third ventricle? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

D) thalamus

Which letter indicates Broca's area, which controls the motor movements necessary for speaking? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates the region of the brain that has the greatest surface area due to the numerous surface convolutions? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates the corpus callosum, which is an area of white matter where axons from one cerebral hemisphere cross the midline to the opposite hemisphere? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

What is the anatomical distinction between the basal ganglia and the basal forebrain nuclei? A) The basal forebrain nuclei are located in the prefrontal cortex, whereas the basal ganglia are within the midbrain. B) The basal forebrain nuclei are located closer to the hypothalamus, whereas the basal ganglia lie near the internal capsule. C) The basal ganglia are located in the brain stem, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum. D) The basal ganglia are located outside the CNS, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum.

B) The basal forebrain nuclei are located closer to the hypothalamus, whereas the basal ganglia lie near the internal capsule.

Which of the following is not part of the basal ganglia? A) putamen B) Wernicke's area C) globus pallidus D) caudate nucleus

B) Wernicke's area

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate (inferiorly) in the average adult? A) S5 B) between L1 and L2 C) between L5 and S1 D) C3

B) between L1 and L2

The fluid-filled ventricles within the cerebrum are similar in function to the ________ of the spinal cord. A) subarachnoid space B) central canal C) pia mater D) dura mater

B) central canal

The insula is considered to be part of the ________. A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Which of these regions has two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Which of these regions of the brain contains the basal forebrain nuclei in the deep gray matter? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Which of these regions of the brain has frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as the insula? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

B) cerebrum

Which letter indicates Wernicke's area, which is important for understanding spoken words? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

Which letter indicates the corpora quadrigemina, meaning "four bodies?" A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

It is easy to confuse the terms sulcus and gyrus (on the cerebral cortex). The difference between these two terms is that A) a sulcus corresponds to a folia on the cerebellum, whereas a gyrus corresponds to a fissure. B) a sulcus is the same as a fissure on the cerebral cortex, whereas a gyrus is a lobe. C) a sulcus is a groove, and a gyrus is a deeper groove. D) a gyrus is a ridge, and a sulcus is a groove.

D) a gyrus is a ridge, and a sulcus is a groove.

Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure? A) fourth ventricle B) pons C) medulla D) basal nuclei

D) basal nuclei

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the A) hippocampus. B) cingulate gyrus. C) amygdaloid nucleus. D) caudate nucleus

D) caudate nucleus

The second largest region of the brain is the A) cerebrum. B) brain stem. C) diencephalon. D) cerebellum.

D) cerebellum.

Which of these lobes of the cerebrum lies anterior to the central sulcus? A) occipital lobe B) cerebellum C) temporal lobe D) frontal lobe

D) frontal lobe

The main visceral control center of the brain is the A) cerebral cortex. B) thalamus. C) reticular formation. D) hypothalamus.

D) hypothalamus.

The visual association area of the cerebral cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) insula. C) parietal lobe. D) occipital lobe.

D) occipital lobe.

The calcarine sulcus contains which functional area? A) primary somatosensory B) auditory association C) frontal eye field D) primary visual

D) primary visual

Three "seeing/vision" nuclei that occupy the midbrain of humans are the A) red nucleus, substantia nigra, and cerebral peduncle. B) inferior colliculi, reticular formation, and periaqueductal gray. C) lateral geniculate, red nucleus, and visual association area. D) superior colliculi, motor nucleus for oculomotor nerve, and motor nucleus for trochlear nerve.

D) superior colliculi, motor nucleus for oculomotor nerve, and motor nucleus for trochlear nerve.

Which of these regions functions to direct nearly all sensory input, except olfactory impulses, to the cerebral cortex? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

D) thalamus

Which areas of the brain are most likely to process and store motor skill memories? A) the ependymal cells and ventricles B) the amygdala and cingulate gyrus C) the thalamus and hypothalamus D) the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

D) the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

A cerebrovascular accident patient who is unable to recognize faces and objects but can still visually perceive spatial arrangement of objects most likely has damage to A) the primary visual cortex. B) the occipital lobe. C) the posterior association area. D) the temporal lobe.

D) the temporal lobe.

Which of the following grooves separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum? A) lateral sulcus B) central sulcus C) longitudinal fissure D) transverse cerebral fissure

D) transverse cerebral fissure

Which letter indicates the medulla, the functional neural connection between the pons and the spinal cord? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

E) E

Spinal nerve pairs in the cervical region of the spinal cord are found inferior to the vertebral bodies of the same number.

False

The reticular activating system (RAS) contains structures that regulate and cause emotional responses.

False

The ventral portion of the cerebral peduncles connect the midbrain to the cerebellum and contain the pyramidal (corticospinal) motor tracts descending to the spinal cord.

False

The amygdala is part of the limbic system and has neurons that process the emotions and reactions to fear.

True

The cerebellum has an outer cortex, internal white matter, and areas of gray matter buried deep in the white matter.

True

The hypothalamus, in addition to the cerebral cortex, is in control of emotional responses.

True

The limbic system has neural ties to the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamus, and the reticular formation.

True

The medullary respiratory center controls the rhythm and rate of breathing.

True

The meninges of the brain differ from those of the spinal cord in that the dura mater of the brain splits into two layers and that there is no epidural space.

True

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is connected to the hypothalamus and receives regulatory impulses that control the secretion of hormones.

True

The vasomotor center of the medulla regulates blood pressure.

True

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ascending and descending pathways known as tracts.

True

Which letter indicates an area that is characterized by huge neurons known as pyramidal cells? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

B) B

Cutting the corpus callosum would lead to which of the following? A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot communicate directly with the left hemisphere. B) Visual reflexes are lost. C) Emotional problems develop. D) One-half of the body is paralyzed.

A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot communicate directly with the left hemisphere.

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? A) arachnoid and pia B) arachnoid and bone of skull C) arachnoid and dura D) dura and epidura

A) arachnoid and pia

Posterior gray horns of the spinal cord consist of A) cell bodies of interneurons. B) dorsal roots. C) sensory ganglia. D) motor neurons.

A) cell bodies of interneurons.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexuses in all the following locations except the A) central canal. B) fourth ventricle. C) lateral ventricle. D) third ventricle.

A) central canal.

The tough, dense fibrous connective tissue meningeal layer is the A) dura mater. B) subarachnoid. C) arachnoid. D) pia mater.

A) dura mater.

The sheet of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the A) falx cerebri. B) tentorium cerebri. C) falx cerebelli. D) superior sagittal sinus.

A) falx cerebri.

Which of the following is a motor area for vision? A) frontal eye field B) premotor cortex C) primary visual cortex D) visual association area

A) frontal eye field

The diencephalon develops into the thalamus, the epithalamus, and what other structure? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

Which of these regions lies between the optic chiasma and the posterior border of the mammillary bodies? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

Which of these regions of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

Which of these regions of the brain regulates hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland (hypophysis)? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

A) hypothalamus

Sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the pineal gland and the A) hypothalamus. B) medulla oblongata. C) thalamus. D) visual cortex.

A) hypothalamus.

The cell bodies located in the anteriormost region of the spinal cord's gray matter belong to this group. A) somatic motor B) somatic sensory C) visceral motor D) visceral sensory

A) somatic motor

Cerebrospinal fluid is located within the A) subarachnoid space. B) orbits. C) cerebral cortex. D) superior sagittal sinus.

A) subarachnoid space.

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a A) sulcus. B) fissure. C) gyrus. D) furrow.

A) sulcus.

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in A) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal cord. B) the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord. C) the thalamus. D) nuclei of the cranial nerves.

A) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal cord.

Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles C) corpora quadrigemina D) red nucleus

A) third ventricle

Two parts of the brain that are most involved in emotions are the A) medulla and cerebellum. B) cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus. C) superior and inferior colliculi. D) red nucleus and substantia nigra.

B) cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus.

Which of the following is not a function of nuclei within the reticular formation? A) adjust respiratory and cardiovascular functions B) consolidate and store memories C) coordinate cranial nerve reflexes D) maintain consciousness and alertness

B) consolidate and store memories

One of the distinctions between the cerebrum and cerebellum is that A) gray matter is found superficially and deep in the cerebrum but is present only superficially in the cerebellum. B) fibers of the cerebellum enter and leave ipsilaterally, whereas those of the cerebrum enter and leave contralateraly. C) the cerebrum is folded into gyri and lobes, whereas the cerebellum is only folded into folia but lacks lobes. D) the cerebellum is involved only in refining motor responses, whereas the cerebrum is involved in both motor function and cognition.

B) fibers of the cerebellum enter and leave ipsilaterally, whereas those of the cerebrum enter and leave contralateraly.

Neural centers that control heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the A) thalamus. B) medulla. C) midbrain. D) cerebrum.

B) medulla.

The brain stem consists of the A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla. B) midbrain, medulla, and pons. C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain. D) midbrain only

B) midbrain, medulla, and pons.

Which of the following is a descending motor spinal tract? A) dorsal column pathway B) pyramidal pathway C) spinocerebellar pathway D) spinothalamic pathway

B) pyramidal pathway

The cell bodies located in the posteriormost region of the spinal cord's gray matter belong to this group. A) somatic motor B) somatic sensory C) visceral motor D) visceral sensory

B) somatic sensory

Which letter indicates a choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)in all four ventricles of the brain? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

Which letter indicates the primary somatosensory cortex? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

C) C

The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata, part of the spinal cord, and what other structure? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

C) cerebellum

Which of these regions of the brain, besides the cerebrum, has an outer cortical layer of gray matter? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

C) cerebellum

Which of these regions superior-most aspect is found in close proximityl to the fourth ventricle and lies lies just posterior to the pons? A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) cerebellum D) thalamus

C) cerebellum

The function of the blood-brain barrier is to A) keep neurons from innervating blood vessels. B) prevent all contact between bloodborne molecules and brain tissue. C) help protect the central nervous system D) provide an impenetrable barrier between blood and brain, because the brain gets all its nourishment from the cerebrospinal fluid.

C) help protect the central nervous system

The cauda equina A) consists of hair like the tail of a horse. B) describes the radiating patterns of projection fibers. C) is a series of nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region. D) is confined to the thoracic and cervical segments of the spinal cord.

C) is a series of nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region.

The only one of the meninges that follows the brain surface into a cerebral sulcus is the A) dura mater. B) arachnoid mater. C) pia mater. D) alma mater.

C) pia mater.

After someone faints, smelling salts of ammonia may be placed under the person's nose. The person breathes the ammonia vapors, which deliver a sharp jolt to the nasal membranes, and the person wakes up. This illustrates A) how smells bring about emotions. B) the function of the hypothalamus in controlling sleep. C) the function of sensory input to the reticular activating system. D) how smells elicit memories of being awake, causing the person to awaken.

C) the function of sensory input to the reticular activating system.

A "motor homunculus" can be visualized as an overlay on the precentral gyrus. The reason why the facial region of this homunculus covers such a large surface area is because A) our ears are large for hearing. B) our eyes are large for seeing. C) we have very expressive faces. D) we have very sensitive lips

C) we have very expressive faces.