Chapter 13: The water soluble vitamins

60 mg tryptophan will produce how many mg of niacin

1 mg

what are good sources of vitamin C?

Most fruits and vegetables

Vitamin C is needed for the production of which protein.

collagen

folate deficiency can arise due to what?

an increased folate requirement, malabsorption of folate, low folate intake

The red blood cells of folate-deficient person differ from a healthy person by what?

becoming very large and being unable to divide due to the lack of DNA

Signs of scurvy include what?

bleeding gums and slowed wound healing

What diets is associated with the condition known as pellagra?

corn-based diets

pellagra, the deficiency disease for niacin , is characterized by what?

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

One of Vitamins C's main functions in the body is to what?

donate electrons in oxidation -reduction reactions

who is at risk for vitamin B deficiency?

elderly, vegetarians, people with a malabsorption syndrome

What are the common major functions across the water-soluble vitamins ?

energy metabolism, blood formation and clotting , protein and amino acid metabolism

where is folate excreted?

feces and urine

enriched grain products remain low in?

fiber

rich dietary sources of niacin include what?

fish, peanuts and poultry

the enrichment process enriches grain products with four B vitamins : thiamin ,riboflavin ,niacin and ?

folic acid

what are functions of Vitamin C?

formation of collagen, role in various oxidation- reduction reactions

Riboflavins conversion to its Coenzyme from occurs mainly in the what?

heart, liver, small intestine

water soluble vitamins can do what?

help maintain body tissues, are needed for the normal function of body tissues , are needed for the growth of body tissues.

Poor vitamin B-12 status can result in what? circulating levels of homocysteine

high

in the US, all bread and cereal products made from milled grain are enriched with which minerals?

iron

Vitamin C protects various cell alar compounds, including what from free radical- induced damage?

lipids, DNA, proteins

what is true about the transport and storage of thiamin?

little thiamin is stored in the body, Transported by red blood cells.

Foods sources of riboflavin include what?

liver, milk , mushrooms

what are the characteristics of many water-soluble vitamins?

low toxicity risk, organic compounds, have important roles in energy metabolism

Other possible role for folate in the body include what?

maintaining normal blood pressure, reducing the risk of stroke,

High concentration of vitamin C in white blood cells is what?

may protect against the oxidative damage associated with cellular respiration

symptoms of neurological complications induced by a vitamin B-12 deficiency include what ?

memory loss, difficulty walking, paresthesia

During pregnancy, the presence of adequate folate decreases the risk of what?

neural tube defect

which B-vitamin, in high doses, is sometimes prescribed by physicians to increase HDL-cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels?

niacin

Decarboxylation is defined as the what?

removal of 1 molecule of carbon dioxide from a compound

folate is involved in the formation of the neurotransmitters

serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine

water-soluble vitamins are essential organic substances needed in how many amounts?

small

Where does the absorption of vitamin C occur?

small intestine

what are the best methods for retaining the water soluble vitamins when preparing food?

stir-frying, microwaving

what are the three sources of food for thiamin ?

sunflower seeds, pork, legumes

the risk of water-soluble vitamin toxicity is low because ?

the kidneys filter out the excess daily

Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of what?

thiamin

the B vitamin required as a coenzyme to metabolize carbohydrates and some amino acids is what?

thiamin

Vitamin C may protect against what?

Cancer and heart disease

pernicious anemia is related to inadequate vitamin what absorption?

B-12

which vitamin deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia?

B-12

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of what mineral ?

Iron

Which B-Vitamin is a component of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FDA)

Riboflavin

The deficiency disease for Vitamin C is called what?

Scurvy

Neural tube defects that result due to a lack of foliate during pregnancy include what?

Spina bifida and anencephaly

When Vitamin b-12 is lacking what?

THFA levels decrease

neurological complications are seen with deficiencies in what?

Vitamin B-12

supplements of what can lower homocysteine levels?

Vitamin B-12

Which vitamin has been thought to cure/prevent the common cold, although little research has conformed this claim?

Vitamin C