Chapter 13: Therapeutic Exercise
Immobilization can lead to a loss of muscle strength within ______.
24 hours
Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are recommended for several reasons. One such reason is:
CKC exercises reduce shearing forces about the joint.
Joint mechanoreceptors which are intraligamentous and become active when the ligaments are stressed at the end ranges of joint movement are termed:
Golgi receptors.
In a static stretch, the action of the _______ enables a safer, more effective stretch.
Golgi tendon organs
A shortening of the muscle fibers that decreases the angle of the associated joint is a:
a concentric contraction.
The ability of a muscle or a group of muscles to produce force in one maximal effort is termed:
strength.
Which of the following is a closed kinetic chain exercise?
wall push-up
When an injured individual is unable to continue aerobic training, detraining occurs within:
1 to 2 weeks.
Detraining can occur only after ________ of nonactivity, with significant decreases measured in both metabolic and working capacities.
1-2 weeks
Muscle regeneration begins within ______ after mobilization.
3 to 5 days
Immobilization for longer than _______ can lead to progressive osteoarthritis.
30 days
An individual can move into phase III of the rehabilitation program when what percentage of normal passive and active range of motion is achieved?
80%
Which of the following statements pertaining to collagenous scar tissue is true?
Collagenous scar formation is a natural component of the repair and regeneration of injured soft tissue.
A small-amplitude movement at the beginning of the ROM that is used when pain and spasm limit movement early in the ROM is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade I
A large-amplitude movement up to the pathologic limit in the ROM, that is used when pain and resistance from spasm, inert tissue tension, or tissue compression limit movement near the end of the ROM, is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade III
A small-amplitude movement at the very end of the ROM that is used when resistance limits movement in the absence of pain and spasm is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade IV
A small-amplitude, quick thrust delivered at the end of the ROM, usually accompanied by a popping sound called a manipulation spasm is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade V
A simple calculation for estimating target heart rate for cardiovascular training is:
HRmax = 220 - Age
Which of the following are advantages for using closed kinetic chain exercises? (Choose all that apply.)
They exercise multiple joints through weight-bearing and muscular contractions. They better control velocity and torque. They reduce shear forces. They increase muscle coactivation.
According to ____________, bone and soft tissue will respond to the physical demands placed on them, causing the formation of collagen to remodel or realign along the lines of stress is:
Wolff law
Contract-relax, hold-relax, and slow reversal-hold-relax are examples of stretching techniques that use:
active inhibition.
The technique in which an individual consciously relaxes a muscle prior to stretching is:
active inhibition.
Movement in which the muscle resists its own lengthening so that the joint angle increases during the contraction is:
an eccentric contraction
Involuntary joint motion that occurs simultaneously with physiologic motion, but cannot be measured precisely is termed:
arthrokinematics.
In designing an individualized therapeutic exercise program, the first step is to:
assess the present level of function and dysfunction.
Increasing flexibility by using repetitive bouncing motions at the end of the available range of motion is termed:
ballistic stretch
Stork stand, BAPS board exercises, push-ups, and hand walking are examples of:
closed chain exercises.
General exercises to restore proprioceptive input and improve joint dynamics and coordination are:
closed-chain exercises.
Which of the following are goals during Phase I of the therapeutic exercise program? (Choose all that apply.)
control inflammation
Which of the following is considered a short-term goal?
control of inflammation
The body's ability to execute smooth, fluid, accurate, and controlled movements is:
coordination.
The most effective treatment for the control of inflammation is:
cryotherapy.
Each of the following is a physiological benefit of cardiovascular endurance except for
decrease in total cholesterol
Which of the following are physiological effects of cryotherapy?
decreased metabolism, nerve conduction, and pain perception
What is a major disadvantage of eccentric training?
delayed-onset muscle soreness
What is the focus of Phase 3 of a therapeutic exercise program?
developing muscular strength, endurance, and power in the injured extremity as compared with the uninjured extremity
What type of contractions work to decelerate a limb and provide shock absorption, especially during high-velocity dynamic activities?
eccentric
Which of the following uses gravity to reduce the pooling of fluids and pressure inside the venous and lymphatic vessels to prevent fluid from filtering into surrounding tissue spaces?
elevation
The ability of muscle tissue to exert repetitive tension over an extended period of time is termed:
endurance.
Joint mechanoreceptors which are sensitive to mechanical stress and the deformation and loading of soft tissues that comprise the joint are:
free nerve endings.
Limited passive range of motion is termed:
hypomobility.
When should phase 1 of the therapeutic exercise program begin?
immediately after injury assessment
Strength gains depend primarily on:
intensity of the overload.
What type of training measures a muscle's maximum potential to produce static force?
isometric
What strength training technique involves maximal muscle contraction that generates a force to move a constant load throughout the ROM at a variable speed?
isotonic exercises
Which of the following is an indication for joint mobilization?
joint adhesions
A series of interrelated joints that constitute a complex motor unit, constructed so that motion at one joint will produce motion at the other joints in a predictable manner is termed:
kinematic chain.
Which muscle mechanoreceptor is innervated by both afferent and efferent fibers and can detect muscle length and the rate of change in muscle length?
muscle spindles
Based on the principle of ____________, if the physical demands placed on the body are within appropriate physiological limits, the body will adapt and improve its function.
overload
A clinician stabilizes the proximal segment of a joint and then moves the patient's limb through the available range of motion applying a slight stretch at the end of the motion is an example of:
passive stretching.
A type of explosive exercise that maximizes the stretch reflex is:
plyometric.
A specialized variation of the sensory modality of touch that encompasses the sensation of joint movement and joint position is:
proprioception.
A method of promoting or hastening the recovery process of muscles through the use of diagonal or spiral patterns is characteristic of
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise
The technique using an active contraction of the agonist to cause a reflex relaxation in the antagonist allowing it to stretch is termed:
reciprocal inhibition.
Which of the following are goals during Phase II of the therapeutic exercise program? (Choose all that apply.)
restore ROM to within 80% of normal in the unaffected limb. restore joint flexibility to that observed in the unaffected limb. begin proprioceptive stimulation through closed isotonic chain exercises. begin pain-free, isometric strengthening exercises on the affected limb. begin unresisted, pain-free functional patterns of sport/activity-specific motion.
Which of the following is an example of a plyometric exercise?
single- or double-leg hops
When performing joint mobilization, if the concave surface is stationary and the convex surface is mobilized, a glide of the convex segment should be in:
the opposite direction to the restriction of joint movement.
