Chapter 13

How are stress and coping related to behavior and psychological health?

-most well known connection between stress and behavior; involves the link w cardiovascular disease -influences how people ract and behave -anxiety, night terrors, insomnia...blah bliiiibittty bloooop....ba di ba dum

Such real life problems differ in three main ways from traditional tests

-people are more motivated to solve them -personal experience is more relevant -have more than one correct answer

Applications Practical Intelligence

-practical intelligence and postformal thinking across adulthood have been linked -adolescents get hung up in the logic but adults tend to blend emotion with cognition in their approach to practical problems

changes in bones and joints

-the bones and the joints change with age, sometimes in potentially preventable ways and sometimes because of genetic predisposition or disease

mechanics of intelligence

-those aspects of intelligence comprising fluid intelligence -DECREASES WITH AGE

pragmatics of intelligence

-those aspects of intelligence reflecting crystalized intelligence -associated more with the bodies of knowledge that are avaiable from & mediated through a person's culture -knowledge you have accumulated over time -INCREASES WITH AGE

during middle age you may become an expert on something, this means

-well developed knowledge structure -flexible and creative problem-solving -estimate 10 years/10,000 hours of dedicated effort

osteoporosis

a disease in which bones become porous and easily broken *spine becomes shorter *discs become very thin and weak

rheumatoid arthritis

a disease of the joints that affects different joints and causes different types of pain.. *more destructive than osteoarthritis *joints appear to be swollen *autoimmune *affects other joints in the body

boomerang kids

about half of young americans return home after moving out

agreeableness

accepting, cooperative and caring

midlife correction

after evaluating one's progress, making necessary corrections

when does osteoporosis occur in women?

after menopause

neuroticism

anxious, hostile, self-conscious & impulsive

coping

any attempt to deal with stress

calcium and vitamin d

are detrimental to health and can delay/prevent osteoporosis

PTSD

as an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave phsyical harm occurred or was threatened.; violent assaults, accidents or millitary combat

sex life in women

as long as men enjoy sex and have a willing partner, sexual activity is a lifelong option...(*most important ingredient; strong relationship with partner*)

chronic stress surpasses the immune system and increases your risk of

atherosclerosis and leads to impaired cognition

What is middle age

usually 40 to 65 years old *baby boomers

Treatment for ptsd

usually psychotherapy..with the addition of certain antidepressant medication...yup.

around age 30

you are still increasing in bone mass, if you are living a fit and active lifestyle

Exercise

-can slow the physiological aging process -adults benefit from aerobic exercise (60-90% of heart rate) -adults should average 150 min per week or 75 vigorous minutes

learning styles change as people age

-effective lifelong learning requires smart decisions about how to keep knowledge updated and which approach will work best among the many different learning options available

cognitive development in middle age

-few dramatic changes *lifelong learning is needed for most

reproductive changes in men

-gradual decline in testosterone levels and quantity of sperm -prostate gland enlarges and becomes stiffer -prostate cancer is a risk during middle age *need for longer time and more stimulation to achieve erection and orgasm

changes in appearance

-gray hair is natural and caused by a normal cessation of pigment production in hair follicules -male pattern baldness, a genetic trait in which hair is lost progressively begining with the top of the head, often begins to appear in middle age

physiological changed in sexual performance for men

-less perceived demand to ejaculate -a need for longer time and more stimulation to achieve erection and orgasm -more likely to lose erection during intercourse -ED is easy to treat

MHT

* a method used in women after menopause women take low doses of estrogen which is often combined with progestin

more reproductive changes in men

-men experience a gradual decline in testosterone levels as they age -most men never lose tha bility to father children but sperm count goes down -as age increases so does the size of the prostate gland, becomes stiffer...may obstruct urinary tract

grandparenthood

-most people become grandparents in their 40's and 50's..seems young -most grandparents value their roles; pass along skills, family history, values & advice -some people live far away from their grandparents where as others have their grandparents as their main set of parents

Adult learners differ from their younger counterparts in several ways

-adults have a higher need to know why they should learn something before undertaking it -adults enter a learning situation with more&diff experience on which to build -adulys are most willing to learn those things they believe are necessary to deal with real-world problems rather than abstract, hypothetical situations -most adults are more motivated to learn by internal factors such as self-esteem or personal satisfaction than by external factors such as a job promotion or pay raise

how are stress and coping related to physical health

-being under chronic stress supresses the immune system...susceptiblity to viral infections -increase risk of atheroscleorsis -increase of hypertension -leads to impaired memory and cognition

at what age is personality pretty stable?

30

how many individuals does PTSD affect

8 mil ammmmericans

reproductive changes in women

Climacteric; the biological process during which women pass from their reproductive to nonreproductive years Menopause; the point at which menstruation stops Decreases in hormonal levels can result in hot flashes, night sweats, headaches, mood changes & low libido, might not be interested in sex. Women in japan dont normally have hot flashes, their biggest symptom is stiff shoulders. Oldest woman to give birth was 66 years old

the five factor model

Openness to experience; imagination; Coscientiousness; Extraversion; Agreeableness; Neuroticism;

Experts have trouble explaining things to novices

because they have so much knowledge on the subject and it makes sense to them, its extremely difficult to dumb it down

generativity

being productive by helping others ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation

in severe osteoporosis cases

can cause spinal vertebrae to collapse, causing the person to become shorter.

the end of periods is accompanied by

decreases in estrogen and progesterone, changes in the reproductive organs and changes in sexual functioning

The health and safety executive in the united kingdom

developed an extensive set of management standars to lower work-related stress -these standards adress six key areas -demands -control -support -relationships -role -organizational chain All of these standards are aimed at creating a healthy, lower stress environment for workers

type b

easy going

stagnation

uninvolved with others; only concerned with one's own needs;self-centered

women who are late-middle aged or over 65

encourages to have their bone mineral density tested by having a dual energy x ray absorptiometry test

Erik Erikson's 7th stage

generatively vs stagnation

osteoarthritis

gradual onset of bone damage with progression of pain and disability, with minor inflammation. -occurs in late middle age/early old age -most common in manual laborers & athletes * a wear and tear disease

conscientiousness

hardworking,ambitious,energetic

openness to experience

having a vivid imagination; willing to try new things

physical changes after menopause

he vaginal wall shrinks and becomes thinner, the size of the vagina decreases, vaginal lubrication is reduced and delayed.. Some shrinkage of the external genitalia occurs..this has an effect on your sex life, and increases probability of painful intercourse and harder to reach orgasm...failure to achieve orgasm is more common than in a woman's younger years....if you have an active sex life this shouldnt be as much of a problem

perceived stress scale asks

how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life -how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle personal problems -in the last month how often have you felt that things are going your way -in the last month how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you couldn't overcome them

in middle age practical intelligence...

increases

The mechanics of intelligence in later life

is more associated with the fundamental organization of the central nervous system (biological forces) this is more linked with a gradual loss of brain efficiency with age, a finding supported by brain imaging stu

when does osteoporosis occur in men?

later life

extraversion

love social interaction, talking & stimulation

Dual energy Xray-Absorptiometry (DXA) test

measures bone density at the hip and spine; these results are usually compared with ideal or peak bone density of a healthy 30 year old

which gender is more likely to get osteoporosis ?

men

when does prostate cancer become a real threat

middle age

sandwich generation

middle-aged adults who are caught between the competing demands of two generations-the parents and their children *herbie *trying to take care of both

popular approach to stress

mindfulness-based stress reduction

stress and health in middle age becomes

more apparent

type a behavior pattern

people demonstrate anger, agression, over-competitiveness, impatience and other behaviors *more likely to develop cardiovascular disease

examples of coping

religion trying to solve the problem acting like its not a big deal

middle aged people are more likely to come up with more ideas and responses to what??

situational scenarios

mindfulness-based stress reduction

stress reduction technique based on being aware and nonjudge,ental of whatever is happening at that moment; this includes yoga and meditation

psychologists view on middle age

that middle age is a peak and a peak of your responsibility and health

climacteric

the biological process during which women pass from their reproductive to nonreproductive years

the stress and coping paradigm

the dominant framework used to study stress, which emphasizes the transactions between a person and his or her enviroment *a situation is not stressful unless the person appraises is at stressful

kin keeper

the person who gathers family members together and keeps them in touch

menopause

the point at which menstruation stops

perimenopause

the transition from regular menstruation to menopause

middle age mood theme

there isn't one overall attitude during this stage, it varies from person to person