Chapter 13

Research studies suggest that chromium may decrease the risk of developing A. diabetes B. cardiovascular disease C. cancer D. hypertension

A. diabetes

Which if the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for the iron? A. Ferritin B. Myoglobin C. Transferrin D. Hemoglobin

A. ferritin

The most common cause of the iodine deficiency is A. insufficient intake of iodine from the foods and water B. overconsumption of other trace elements C. overconsumption of anti-thyroid substances D. pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormone

A. insufficient intake of iodine from the foods and water

Which of the following is a trace mineral? A. iron B. calcium C. sodium D. magnesium

A. iron

In glucose metabolism, the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle requires presence of which mineral A. manganese B. copper C. molybdenum D. iron

A. manganese

Which of the following is true of the iron in the body? A. most of the body's iron is recycled B. main storage site for iron is the intestinal epithelium C. iron is absorbed better from supplements than from foods D. iron from the noheme food sources is absorbed better than that from heme food sources

A. most of the body's iron is recycled

Which of the following statements about the selenium is not true? A. selenium has no known toxicity symptoms B. selenium is integral part of the metalloenzyme C. selenium is required for the regulation of the thyroid hormones D. selenium content in plant foods depends on the soil conditions in which they were grown

A. selenium had no known toxicity symptoms

Both a deficiency and toxicity of iodine can cause thyroid dysfunction. thyroid gland enlargement (Goiter) and its dysfunction. A. true B. false

A. true

Fluoride is not essential for normal growth and development of the teeth and bones. A. true B. false

A. true

Generally, only the young children are at risk of developing the fluorosis. A. true B. false

A. true

In the US, bleeding contributes the most to iron loss in the body. A. true B. false

A. true

Treated tap water is the best source of fluoride in the diet. A. true B. false

A. true

All of the following decrease the iron absorption except A. vitamin C B. phytates C. oxalates D. polyphenols

A. vitamin C

Once absorbed, copper is bound to ________ for transport. A. ceruloplasmin B. albumin C. transferrin D. metallothionein

B. albumin

Which of the following is an important function of the selenium? A. helps blood to clot B. antioxidant inhibiting the formation of the free radicals C. acts as a cross-linking agent in the protein collagen D. is an important natural food preservative

B. antioxidant inhibiting the formation of the free radicals

Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of the hemoglobin? A. iodine B. copper C. calcium D. selenium

B. copper

Because iron absorption is so tightly regulated, iron overload is impossible. A. true B. false

B. false

Consumption of chromium can increase lean body mass and reduce body weight. A. true B. false

B. false

Which of the following trace minerals has an adult RDA that is higher for woman than for the men? A. zinc B. iron C. copper D. iodine

B. iron

In which of the following types of the individuals is copper deficiency most likely to occur? A. adolescents B. premature babies entirely fed with the formula C. vegetarians D. the aged

B. premature babies entirely fed with the forumula

Functions of trace minerals include all of the following except A. formation of the red blood cells B. providing the energy C. acting as cofactors D. zinc

B. providing the energy

Which of the following is the richest source of iodine? A. corn B. seafood C. eggs D. vegetables

B. seafood

Taste and smell perception are associated with which mineral? A. iron B. zinc C. selenium D. chromium

B. zinc

Which of the following is a not characteristic of the zinc deficiency? A. loss of appetite B. delayed growth and sexual development C. anemia with small red blood cells D. poor immune function

C. anemia with small red blood cells

Along with calcium and vitamin D ______ may increase bone density and reduce the osteoporosis. A. zinc B. copper C. fluoride D. selenium

C. fluoride

Which of the following foods, is the best source of iron? A. broccoli casserole B. whole-wheat bread C. hamburger D. watermelon slices

C. hamburger

Iron overload is also called as the A. ferrocyanosis B. hemoglobinemia C. hemochromatosis D. hyperferrotosis

C. hemochromatosis

All the following trace minerals are integral to the structure of the metalloenzymes except A. selenium B. zinc C. iodine D. molybdenum

C. iodine

According to one Canadian study, children who drank tap water with naturally high levels of manganese experienced what symptom? A. higher risk of cancer B. stronger teeth and bones C. lower IQ scores D. improved eyesight

C. lower IQ eyesight

Which of the following the food groups is abundant in copper? A. milk and cheese B. fruits and vegetables C. organ meats, seafood, nuts, and seeds D. chicken and poultry

C. organ meats, seafood, nuts, and seeds

All of the following are trace minerals except: A. selenium B. copper C. potassium D. zinc

C. potassium

All of the following enhance the absorption of the iron except. A. body's increased need for iron B. presence of vitamin C C. reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach D. presence of the heme form of the iron

C. reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach

All of the following statements regarding the iron are true except A. accidental consumption of supplements containing iron is the leading cause of poisoning deaths in the children in US B. high doses of iron can cause symptoms of gastrointestinal distress C. storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body as it reduces the risk of infections D. cooking food in the iron pots cookware can increase the iron content in food

C. storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body as it reduces the risk of infections

Which of the following is true abut trace minerals? A. a deficiency sign common to many trace minerals is dermatitis B. deficiencies and the toxicities of the trace minerals are not known to occur C. the amounts in the food are dependent, in part, on soil composition D. the amount of all trace minerals in the average person totals about 100g

C. the amounts in the food are dependent, in part, on soil composition

Which of the following trace minerals is recycled back into the pancreas to be incorporated into pancreatic digestive juice? A. iron B. copper C. zinc D. selenium

C. zinc

The oxidation of iron from the ferrous form to the ferric form requires a metalloenzyme containing_________. A. zinc B. calcium C. magnesium D. copper

D. copper

Once ferritin is saturated with the iron, additional iron can be stored as? A. ferroprotein B. hemoglobin C. transferrin D. hemosiderin

D. hemosiderin

Chromium deficiency is characterized by A. hypertension B. enlargement of the thyroid gland C. enlargement of the liver D. high blood sugar

D. high blood sugar

Which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of the iodide for a person who lives inland? A. fresh-water fish B. plants of the cabbage family C. locally grown fruit D. iodized table salt

D. iodized table salt

The most abundant trace mineral in the body is A. iodine B. zinc C. copper D. iron

D. iron

Which are the two trace minerals that the vegetarians may have a higher need for? A. copper and selenium B. calcium and zinc C. magnesium and copper D. iron and zinc

D. iron and zinc

Which of the following is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children? A. demineralization B. growth retardation C. hyperactivity D. lower IQ and poor performance in school

D. lower IQ and poor performance in school

Which of the following minerals carries the highest risk of the toxicity from consumption in the foods and water? A. chromium B. molybdenum C. iron D. manganese

D. manganese

Which of the following represents the most reliable dietary source of the zinc? A. nuts and oils B. milk and yogurt C. fruits D. meats and shellfish

D. meats and sellfish

All of the following statements are true of trace minerals except? A. they are needed by the body in smaller amounts than macronutrients B. overall they amount to less than 5g in the body C. their daily dietary need is less than 20 mg. D. they can be destroyed by cooking

D. they can be destroyed by cooking