Chapter 14 AP Psychology
Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude...
"Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble"
Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?
"We all seem to be in basic agreement, so there's no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue."
Liking those who share and validate our attitudes is best explained in terms of...
A reward theory.
Altruism is best described as...
Behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others.
The just-world phenomenon often leads people to...
Believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer.
Diffusion of responsibility often plays an important role in the...
Bystander effect.
Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes. Instead, they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products. This advertising strategy best illustrates....
Central route persuasion.
Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class. His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.
Cognitive Dissonance.
The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as...
Companionate love.
If one were to generalize from Muzafer Sherif's study of conflict resolution between two groups of campers, the best way for the United States and China to improve their relationship would be to...
Conduct a joint space program designed to land humans on Mars.
If two countries are rivals for the exclusive control of the same area of land, their predicament best illustrates...
Conflict.
Individuals who are law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of...
Deindividuation.
Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to....
Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers.
Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in...
Discrimination.
Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. This best illustrates the perceived value of....
Equity.
According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that...
Even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction.
The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people..
Experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar.
The presence of many bystanders at the scene of an emergency increases the likelihood that any individual bystander will...
Fail to interpret the incident as an emergency.
Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. This episode provides an example of...
Group polarization.
Yuri decided to delay his road trip after hearing a weather forecaster warn that a severe snowstorm would pass through the area within several hours. Yuri's decision best illustrates the impact of....
Informational social influence.
Six-year-old Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believes that girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate...
Ingroup bias.
Bullying younger children earns Diego the attention and respect of many classmates. As a result, his bullying behavior increases. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is a(n)
Learned response.
Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of....
Normative social influence.
Luella publicly agrees with her seventh-grade classmates that parents should allow 13-year-olds to date. Later that day, she writes in her diary that she actually believes parents should prohibit kids from dating until they are at least 15 years old. Luella's public conformity to her classmates' opinion best illustrates the power of...
Normative social influence.
Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates....
Peripheral route persuasion.
Olivia, a 17-year-old high school student, is quiet, relaxed, reflective, and politically liberal. Research suggests that she would most likely become a good friend of....
Philip, who is reflective and quiet.
Our first impressions of people we meet are most likely to be determined by their....
Physical appearance.
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called....
Prejudice.
Norms are best described as....
Rules for socially acceptable behavior.
Ever since he lost his job because he was constantly late for work, Richard has become increasingly hostile toward the "government bureaucrats who are leading the country toward bankruptcy." Richard's increasing prejudice is best explained in terms of:
Scapegoat theory.
Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of:
Self-disclosure.
The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of _______ and to overestimate the impact of _____ in explaining the behavior of others.
Situational influences: personal dispositions.
Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs?
Social exchange theory.
Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates...
Social facilitation.
Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers. Every member of a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This situation is most likely to lead to....
Social loafing.
A culturally modeled guide for how to act in particular situations is called a...
Social scripts.
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them...
Social-responsibility norm.
Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called...
Stereotypes.
The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Milgram experiments best illustrate one of the potential dangers of...
The foot in the door phenomenon.
When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of...
The foot in the door phenomenon.
According to the text, aggression always involves....
The intent to hurt.
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called...
The other race effect
Prejudice is an _____; discrimination is a _______
attitude; behavior
The chameleon effect involves..
automatic mimicry.
The three components of prejudice are...
beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action.
Naseeb disagrees with his classmates on an issue. During a class discussion of the issue, Naseeb is MOST likely to conform to his classmates' opinion if he...
believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position.
Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study...
conformity.
Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of..
role-playing on attitudes.
We are most likely to_____ the diversity among members of an _____
underestimate; outgroup.