Chapter 14 (Inquizitive)

Identify the groups of people who most often worked under each system of unfree labor.

-Europeans, often poor or in debt :indentured servitude -Africans and some Native Americans, especially from the Carolinas: slavery -Native Americans in Spanish colonial territories: conscripted labor

Slavery

Africans & some Native Americans, especially from the Carolinas.

Identify how tumultuous events in Europe before the Peace of Westphialia affected the demand for African slaves in the Americas.

Deaths from bubonic plague &

Indentured Servitude

Europeans, often poor or indebted.

Initially, New World colonies had lots of workers, but lacked the natural resources they needed for profitable trade. True or False.

False Note: New World colonies gained access to both precious metals and land where they could grow lucrative crops like sugar and (later) tobacco, but they lacked the labor to take advantage of their gains. Slavery, indentured servitude, and conscript labor helped address this demand.

The Thirty Years' War was a religious conflict that pitted an alliance of Catholic leaders against an alliance of Protestant leaders. True or False.

False Note: The Thirty Years' War was a constellation of conflicts over religion, territory, and regional power. Protestant and Catholic powers allied with one another across religious lines when it benefitted them.

By 1660, the once-powerful Spanish Habsburg Empire had been completely dismantled. True or False.

False Note: Though the Spanish crown lost territory, wealth, and prestige in the Thirty Years' War, the monarchy maintained its European claim on most of the Iberian peninsula and parts of modern Italy. In the Americas, it retained most of South and Central America, a number of Caribbean islands, and western North America.

Identify the monarchies that lost power between 1550 and the end of the Thirty Years' War.

Monarchies that lost power: - Spanish crown - Austrian crown Monarchies that gained power: - French crown - Swedish crown - English crown

Conscripted labor

Native Americans in Spanish colonial territories.

Which transaltanic system was driven by the intense European demand for sugar?

Triangle Trade.

Though they disagreed on many other topics, Catholics & Protestants generally agreed on the execution of witches. True or False.

True. Note: The fear of witches as well as the trials and executions of witches were widespread in Europe and some American colonies. Many thousands of people were executed as a result.

Before the Columbian exchange, there were no horses on the North American plains, no tomatoes in Italy, & no potatoes in Ireland. True or False.

True. Note: These (and many other) common cultural pairings were, in fact, a result of the Columbian exchange.

Watch the author video about the reasons for Europe's religious and political instability and its consequences. Complete the passage below to describe religious pluralism in Europe.

Whereas the Peace of Augsburg established the idea that subjects had to follow the religion of their prince, the Edict of Nantes established state protections for religious pluralism. Cardinal Richelieu reduced state protections for French Huguenots, but he retained the edict through the Thirty Years' War. Instead of fostering unity based on religious affiliation, France developed a national identity focused on the monarchy.

Colonies in the Americas had high labor demands. Identify the European developments that increased the number of people who traveled to the Americas as indentured servants.

closing common lands and anti-vagrancy laws