Chapter 14 Quiz

Which approach to religion best characterizes Ming Chinese and Mughal rulers in this period? a.) Both promoted overseas proselytism to spread their respective official faiths. b.) Both accepted varieties of religious pluralism in their territories. c.) Both rejected the presence of Christian missionaries. d.) Both insisted on the practice of one state-sponsored religion.

Correct Answer: B.) Both accepted varieties of religious pluralism in their territories.

Which of the following is a similarity between indigenous peoples in the Pacific and the Americas? a.) Both groups believed that the Europeans were gods. b.) Both groups were taken as slaves and sent to Europe and Asia. c.) Both groups had large numbers of people perish from European-introduced disease. d.) Both groups were forced to work in silver mines for European owners.

Correct Answer: C.) Both groups had large numbers of people perish from European-introduced disease.

Which of the following is often seen as the epitome of the blending of Persian, Islamic, and Indian traditions? a.) The palace at Isfahan b.) The empire's legal system c.) The Taj Mahal d.) The peacock throne

Correct Answer: C.) The Taj Mahal

In the 17th and 18th centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning (especially from China and Europe)? a.) Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country. b.) Before the seventeenth century, Japan had not come into contact with foreign ideas or culture. c.) Foreign powers forced Japan to modernize by adopting "modern" science and culture. d.) Members of middle class idealized foreign culture, leading the shoguns to fear that learning about Enlightenment ideals might lead the merchants to overthrow the emperor.

Correct Answer: A.) Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country.

What type of significant artwork was produced by the Oyo Empire and Benin? a.) Sophisticated bronzes b.) Enormous marble palaces and temples c.) Intricate silver jewelry d.) Detailed paintings of plant life

Correct Answer: A.) Sophisticated bronzes

How was Tokugawa Japan influenced by China? a.) Chinese monks spread Buddhism, which replaced native Japanese religious practice. b.) Chinese literature, legal thought, and religion had a significant influence on Tokugawa Japan. c.) Japanese popular theater was based largely on Chinese models. d.) Chinese became the language of Japanese high culture.

Correct Answer: B.) Chinese literature, legal thought, and religion had a significant influence on Tokugawa Japan.

Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted which of the following? a.) Scientific knowledge should be based on the work of traditional authorities, such as Aristotle. b.) Conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature. c.) Only members of the clergy could safely conduct scientific experiments without imperiling their souls. d.) The best way to learn was to inquire into the ways that other cultures did scientific research.

Correct Answer: B.) Conducting experiments was the only way that humans could begin to understand the workings of nature.

How did the literary culture of late Ming and early Qing China affect elite women's lives? a.) Elite women were not encouraged to participate in literary culture, but the most popular books had strong female characters. b.) Elite women were generally able to participate as writers, readers, and editors, despite increasing constraints on their lives. c.) Elite women's success as writers, readers, and editors encouraged them to assume a wider range of social roles. d.) Elite women read about the lives of poor women and developed a new sense of female solidarity that crossed class boundaries.

Correct Answer: B.) Elite women were generally able to participate as writers, readers, and editors, despite increasing constraints on their lives.

The appeal of Enlightenment thought in the eighteenth century was confined to Britain and France. a.) True b.) False

Correct Answer: B.) False

Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation? a.) Mercantilists advocated rational self-interest, which could not advance the common good. b.) He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth. c.) Free competition encouraged improvements in industrial production. d.) He believed that the laws of God did not permit the guilds' imposition of controls on labor.

Correct Answer: B.) He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth.

In what way was the U.S. Declaration of Independence an Enlightenment document? a.) It argued for the rise of a meritocracy based on talent, not rank. b.) It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights. c.) It avowed that only a government based on Christian ideals could provide a just society. d.) It proposed that democracy was the best form of government.

Correct Answer: B.) It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights.

How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order? a.) It offered women opportunities for independence and autonomy. b.) It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy. c.) It argued that people should be able to rise in the social hierarchy through attention to propriety and virtuous behavior. d.) The most popular plays were those that made fun of the shogun.

Correct Answer: B.) It idolized groups such as actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy.

In what way might the transporting of British prisoners to Australia be considered an Enlightenment concept? a.) The costs of incarceration in Britain would go down according to free market principles. b.) Prisoners were to be removed from an environment that did not suit them and sent to a new one where they could reform. c.) Transportation was a more enlightened form of punishment than hanging. d.) Once their terms of incarceration were completed, all residents in Australia were to have equal rights to life, liberty, and property.

Correct Answer: B.) Prisoners were to be removed from an environment that did not suit them and sent to a new one where they could reform.

Which of the following was one of the goals of the authors of the 'Encyclopédie'? a.) They wanted to evaluate the world's regions according to their adherence to rational science. b.) They sought to gather all the knowledge scattered over the face of the Earth and to present it in useful form. c.) They wanted to portray all other cultures as being inferior to European culture. d.) They sought to create a catalog of all of the works of Western authors.

Correct Answer: B.) They sought to gather all the knowledge scattered over the face of the Earth and to present it in useful form.

Why did Ming China escape the sectarian warfare that ravaged Europe? a.) Chinese government was so centralized that regional leaders lacked the ability to fight in defense of their religious beliefs. b.) All Chinese people shared one religion, so there was nothing to cause conflict. c.) The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others. d.) European visitors told Chinese leaders about religious warfare in their homeland, and the Chinese vowed to avoid making the same mistake.

Correct Answer: C.) The Chinese believed it was the emperor, rather than any religious group, that held the mandate of heaven, so no sect was favored over the others.

How did Asante kings use the wealth they acquired from trade? a.) They sponsored feasts to allow themselves an opportunity to dine with their subjects. b.) They led religious ceremonies, characterized by lavish displays of ornate religious artifacts. c.) They showed their link to wealth and power by displaying gold-covered spears, maces, and elephant tails. d.) They commissioned the creation of epic poems about the divine origins of the Asantehene.

Correct Answer: C.) They showed their link to wealth and power by displaying gold-covered spears, maces, and elephant tails.

What ideas did European Enlightenment thinkers hold in common? a.) They wanted to improve European technical expertise and encourage overseas expansion. b.) They wanted to encourage European monarchs to rule as enlightened despots. c.) They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge. d.) They wanted to encourage people to become more religious, so that they could achieve enlightenment.

Correct Answer: C.) They wanted to improve their societies and search for universal, objective knowledge.

Which of the following did Captain Cook and Christopher Columbus have in common? a.) Both of them were killed by people they met in their travels. b.) Both of them sailed to obtain scientific knowledge as well as empire. c.) Both of them returned home with news of gold that could be exploited. d.) Both of them changed local ecologies by introducing European flora and fauna to unfamiliar environments.

Correct Answer: D.) Both of them changed local ecologies by introducing European flora and fauna to unfamiliar environments.

What was a consequence of the "native learning" movement promoted by some Japanese intellectuals? a.) Shinto beliefs were incorporated into "Dutch learning." b.) Zen monasteries spread across the country. c.) Shamanism was suppressed, especially among women. d.) Buddhism was branded a foreign contaminant of Japanese culture.

Correct Answer: D.) Buddhism was branded a foreign contaminant of Japanese culture.

Which of the following statements is supported by John Locke's notion of the 'tabula rasa'? a.) The only way to create moral people is through stern rules and harsh punishments. b.) All people have an inerasable drive to truck, barter, and exchange. c.) There are tables cataloguing innate cultural differences between different ethnic groups. d.) People should be free to rise in society according to their talents.

Correct Answer: D.) People should be free to rise in society according to their talents.

Which of the following supported the Mughal nobility's lavish lifestyle? a.) Foreign trade brought in silver that advanced the economy, which helped the nobility prosper. b.) Mughal nobles were entitled to collect a tithe from all non-Muslims. c.) Confiscatory taxation on farmers funded the Mughal military-based nobility. d.) Tribute from the conquered peoples in central Asia provided the funds for extravagant buildings such as the Taj Mahal.

Correct Answer: A.) Foreign trade brought in silver that advanced the economy, which helped the nobility prosper.

Which of the following were the most popular books published in Ming China? a.) Study guides for civil services examinations b.) Medical encyclopedias c.) Almanacs and books of astronomical observations d.) Travel guides

Correct Answer: A.) Study guides for civil services examinations

The Ming and early Qing Chinese accepted the mathematical and astronomical insights of Jesuit missionaries, but rejected their religion and theology. a.) True b.) False

Correct Answer: A.) True

The Ottoman Empire was more ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse than any previous Muslim state. a.) True b.) False

Correct Answer: A.) True

Which of the following statements best characterizes the effect of attempts to convert both Amerindians and Africans to Christianity during the 17th and 18th centuries? a.) Africans and Amerindians completely gave up their previous gods and belief systems. b.) Africans and Amerindians used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them. c.) Africans and Amerindians cynically used conversion as a ploy to increase their attractiveness as trade partners. d.) Africans and Amerindians became ultra-orthodox, criticizing the behavior of their European missionary teachers.

Correct Answer: B.) Africans and Amerindians used Christianity to supplement their existing beliefs, not replace them.

How did the Enlightenment and imperialism relate to each other? a.) Enlightened thinkers were strongly opposed to imperialism. b.) Rulers used the methods and principles of the Enlightenment to advance imperialism. c.) Enlightened thinkers were concerned with domestic rather than international affairs. d.) Enlightened thought often impeded the state-building necessary for imperialism.

Correct Answer: B.) Rulers used the methods and principles of the Enlightenment to advance imperialism.

Which of the following was a way in which the arts were used by artists or their patrons to send a social message between 1500 and 1750? a.) Mughal painters used styles imported from Europe to communicate their wish for greater cultural blending. b.) Ottoman and Qing rulers used architecture to communicate their wish for a more open relationship with their subjects. c.) Intellectuals in Benin used poetry to express their longing for a bygone golden age. d.) European women such as Mary Wollstonecraft took up the pen to counter the belief that women could not act as rational beings.

Correct Answer: D.) European women such as Mary Wollstonecraft took up the pen to counter the belief that women could not act as rational beings.

What were some of the broader consequences of the Enlightenment? a.) Increased respect for traditional elites and clerics b.) The expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking c.) Increased respect for the wisdom of classical and medieval authorities d.) The expansion of educational opportunities for rural women

Correct Answer: B.) The expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking

Why did the Chinese devote a great deal of attention to astronomy and calendrical science? a.) They wanted to decipher the mysteries of the universe and gain greater control over nature. b.) They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work. c.) They needed a clear understanding of the constellations and other celestial features in order to navigate the world's oceans. d.) They believed that astronomy was the key to a universal and objective understanding of the natural world.

Correct Answer: B.) They believed that the stability of the kingdom depended on the emperor's ability to calculate correct dates for festivals, court sessions, mourning periods, and agricultural work.

How did Captain Cook's voyages to Australia reflect Enlightenment ideas? a.) They were organized by a group of intellectual women who wanted to promote scientific knowledge. b.) They included scientists to describe and classify Australia's fauna, flora, people, and natural features. c.) They were instructed to respect the heritage and cultural autonomy of Australia's Aborigines. d.) They were ordered to create a free and open market economy in Australia.

Correct Answer: B.) They included scientists to describe and classify Australia's fauna, flora, people, and natural features.

Which of the following reflects a difference between China and the Islamic Empires? a.) China, unlike the Mughals and Ottomans, ruled over a homogeneous population. b.) China alone relied on its own traditions for cultural inspiration. c.) China's internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires. d.) China had long been a center of learning, but the Islamic Empires relied on outside sources of learning.

Correct Answer: C.) China's internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires.

Which of the following is a similarity between the ways that the rulers of Muslim and Chinese empires used the new wealth circulating in global trade? a.) Chinese and Muslim rulers lowered taxes on their peasant populations. b.) Chinese and Muslim rulers established new universities to teach western knowledge. c.) Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art. d.) Chinese and Muslim rulers financed pure scientific research.

Correct Answer: C.) Chinese and Muslim rulers glorified their regimes through magnificent architecture and art.

Which of the following is a reason that Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment ideas? a.) Creoles believed in the equality of all humankind. b.) Enlightenment ideas were popular in Portugal and Spain. c.) Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule. d.) Creoles wanted to imitate their English counterparts in North America.

Correct Answer: C.) Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.

What was the political rationale for monarchs such as Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies? a.) The crown hoped to gain votes from the growing middle class, who were fascinated by new scientific discoveries. b.) The crown hoped to gain the support of the women who hosted the salons. c.) If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown. d.) If the crown supported the academies, the new ideas and technology that were discovered would belong to the crown.

Correct Answer: C.) If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown.

Which of the following helps explain the degree of intermarriage between European men and native women in the Americas? a.) Amerindians sought to ally themselves with European Christians in order to hasten the conversion process. b.) European wives died out rapidly in the harsh climates of North America. c.) Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male. d.) Amerindian women were attempting to repopulate the Americas after the deaths brought by European disease.

Correct Answer: C.) Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male.

What can historians use as evidence that the ideals of the Enlightenment were not universally accepted? a.) Artisans guilds passed rules against applying Newtonian physics to their crafts. b.) Women wrote in their journals that they refused to conduct experiments because they feared a loss of femininity. c.) Many governments employed censors and punished radical thinkers. d.) Riots occurred in university towns against the imposition of secular knowledge in the schools.

Correct Answer: C.) Many governments employed censors and punished radical thinkers.

How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith perceive the influence of commerce on human relations? a.) Rousseau believed that humans had a natural instinct for commerce, whereas Smith believed it must be taught. b.) Both believed that commerce alleviated natural inequalities among people. c.) Rousseau believed that commerce made people harmful to each other, whereas Smith believed it fostered cooperation. d.) Both believed that commerce satisfied human needs and prevented conflict.

Correct Answer: C.) Rousseau believed that commerce made people harmful to each other, whereas Smith believed it fostered cooperation.

How did the European missionary presence differ in the Americas from that in East Asia before 1800? a.) Missionaries to East Asia were more willing to accept the blending of multiple religious traditions. b.) Missionaries to the Americas were more successful at impressing their audiences with examples of European cartography. c.) Missionaries to East Asia failed to learn anything about the people they sought to convert. d.) Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.

Correct Answer: D.) Missionaries to the Americas were backed up by colonial officials and military power.

In what way did the Islamic world in the period between 1500 and 1780 change from its earlier pattern of cultural development? a.) The Islamic world lost its ability to make beautiful textiles and other products for trade. b.) The Islamic world reunified under a single political authority, the caliphate. c.) The Islamic world began a program of overseas expansion. d.) The Islamic world developed three distinctive cultural traditions centered on the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.

Correct Answer: D.) The Islamic world developed 3 distinctive cultural traditions centered on the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid empires.

Which of the following is an important cultural achievement of the Safavids? The Safavid capital, Isfahan, was modeled after the Topkapi palace in Istanbul. The Safavids created a blending of Sunni and Shia poetry. The art of the period reflected the majesty and aloofness of the Safavid shahs. The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam and blended it with traditional Persian culture.

Correct Answer: D.) The Safavid Empire provided a home for Shiite Islam and blended it with traditional Persian culture.