Chapter 14 SmartBook - PSY 210
Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop
generativity
According to Erikson, when adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward
generativity.
Forty-year-old Maritska wishes to establish a pediatric AIDS foundation overseas. According to Erikson, she is focused on establishing a sense of
generativity.
Compared to grandfathers, grandmothers have ______ contact with grandchildren.
more
According to Levinson, the twenties is the ______ phase of adult development.
novice
According to Levinson, how long does the transition to middle adulthood last?
5 years
By 2020, experts project that ______ percent of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents.
80
The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. It includes all of the following personality factors, EXCEPT
excitability
According to a longitudinal study of married couples, which of the following would be most likely to increase with age?
validation
Middle-aged partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they
engage in mutual activities.
According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?
determining life goals
Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing
empty nest syndrome.
Having a positive outlook on life and minimizing problems, otherwise known as ______, is linked to better adjustment, improved health, and increased longevity.
optimism
The main way in which grandparenting has changed in recent decades is
more grandparents are raising their grandchildren.
True or false: It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.
True
Select all that apply Which statements are true about the roles of grandparents in their grandchildren's lives?
- Caring for children helps parents remain in the workforce. - They often play a particularly important role after family crises.
Select all that apply Which of the following are among theories that define stages of adult development?
- Levinson's seasons of a man's life - Erikson's life-span view
Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation?
Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents
The view that adults experience a midlife crisis was espoused by
Daniel Levinson.
What was the name of Daniel Levinson's report on his extensive interviews with middle-aged men?
The Seasons of a Man's Life
Which of the following is true of the sense of personal control in middle age?
The sense of personal control is frequently challenged by increased responsibility and the aging process.
What do recent studies suggest about middle-aged parents?
They are more likely to provide support to their grown children than to their parents.
True or false. In their Baltimore Study, Costa and McCrae found relative stability in the big five factors of personality across adulthood; however, recent studies have found greater variability over the course of the life span.
True
According to Levinson, which of the following is NOT a major conflict that an adult male must come to terms with during the transition to middle adulthood?
being ambitious versus being satisfied with life as it stands
Romantic love tends to be stronger in early adulthood, while ______ love tends to be stronger in middle adulthood.
companionate
Which of the following factors has most changed the role of grandparenting today?
increased longevity
Which of the following is NOT a common reason that grandparents are thrust back into the "parenting" role for their grandchildren?
personal preference
The Berkeley studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT
self-control.
Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this
the dream.
True or false: According to Levinson, adulthood has three main stages surrounded by transition periods.
true
Roughly, what percentage of adults responded that adults have a duty to care for their aging parents?
80 percent
Select all that apply Which of the following are the two major tasks to be mastered in early adulthood according to Levinson?
- developing a stable life structure - exploring the possibilities for adult living
Select all that apply Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women?
- drinking - isolating themselves - trying to solve the problem themselves
Select all that apply Research has shown that having an optimistic outlook on life is generally associated with which of the following?
- greater relationship satisfaction - better physical health - longer life
Select all that apply In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes which of the following qualities?
- loyalty - security - mutual emotional interest
Select all that apply Which of the following Big Five factors have been shown to peak between 40 and 60 years of age and decrease in late adulthood?
- openness - agreeableness - extraversion
Select all that apply Which of the following are part of the Big Five factors of personality?
- openness - extraversion - agreeableness
Select all that apply When a parent has a disability, his or her need for support increases—including support for which of the following needs?
- procuring medical services - monitoring quality of care - finding a nursing home
Select all that apply Which of the following have been used to describe middle-aged adults who are helping both adolescent or young adults and aging parents?
- sandwich generation - squeezed generation - overload generation
Select all that apply According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?
- work generativity - biological generativity - cultural generativity
According to Levinson, which of the following ages most closely corresponds to the point in adulthood when a person enters the phase of Becoming One's Own Man (BOOM)?
38
By middle age, more than ______ percent of middle aged adults provide care for parents or parents-in-law.
40
Which of the following is true of adult stage theories?
They have contributed to the view that midlife brings a crisis in development.
The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as
close.
Researchers have found that personality traits ______ in late adulthood.
continue to change
What was the most common response when 40- to 79-year-olds were asked "when you think of who you are, you think mainly of _____?"
family
According to Margie Lachman and her colleagues, as compared to young adults, those in middle age
give more attention to responsibility for others.
Who of the following are the most likely to experience a decline in marital satisfaction?
parents who experience the empty nest syndrome after living vicariously through their children
The term "_______" generation refers to a situation in which the middle generation alternates attention between the demands of grown children and aging parents.
pivot
In the early version of the life-events approach, life events were viewed as
stressful circumstances that forced individuals to undergo a change in their personality.
Women are more likely than men to react to stress with a ______ approach, which focuses on seeking out social support.
tend-or-befriend
Which research project studied more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life?
the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies
The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as
the cumulative personality model.
The death of a spouse, divorce, and marriage all involve varying degrees of stress and are therefore likely to influence an individual's development according to
the early life-events approach.