Chapter 14

During development, three primary brain vesicles form. The three vesicles are the A) prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. B) telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. C) mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon. D) cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain. E) rhombencephalon, diencephalon, and telencephalon.

A

Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions, and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues. A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) prefrontal cortex D) thalamus E) midbrain

B

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the A) jugular veins. B) central canal. C) arachnoid granulations. D) tentorium cerebelli. E) frontal sinus.

C

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with A) control of autonomic function. B) regulation of body temperature. C) visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. D) conscious control of skeletal muscles. E) control of breathing

C

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) brainstem E) cerebellum

C

A patient comes into the emergency room with weakness on one side and difficulty walking and talking. You determine that the brain has been deprived of oxygen due to lack of regional blood flow. You suspect that patient has most likely experienced A) a subdural hemorrhage. B) meningitis. C) hydrocephalus. D) cranial trauma. E) a cerebrovascular accident

E

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become A) more complex. B) simpler. C) better understood. D) more crucial to visceral functions. E) critical to reflexes.

A

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid A) is secreted by ependymal cells. B) is formed by a passive process. C) is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. D) has almost the same composition as blood plasma. E) contains blood cells and blood plasma.

A

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? A) telencephalon B) diencephalon C) mesencephalon D) metencephalon E) myelencephalon

A

If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? A) breathing B) control of blood pressure C) coordination D) sleep patterns E) judgment

A

In each ventricle is a blood vessel network called the ________ that produces cerebrospinal fluid. A) choroid plexus B) jugular vein C) carotid artery D) vertebral artery E) dural sinus

A

Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains. A) larger B) smaller C) the same size D) very smooth E) more convoluted

A

The anterior nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) secrete pituitary hormones. C) secrete melatonin. D) receive axon collaterals from the optic nerve. E) secrete pituitary hormones and melatonin.

A

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as A) ataxia. B) aphasia. C) dysphagia. D) Parkinson's. E) epilepsy.

A

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) brain stem. D) mesencephalon. E) pons.

A

The folds of the surface of the cerebellum A) are called folia and are less prominent than the cerebral folds. B) form a network of blood vessels over the brain. C) consist of axons and dendrites of neurons. D) are bathed in spinal fluid. E) are called sulci.

A

The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the A) midbrain. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) 4th ventricle. D) basal ganglion. E) cerebellum.

A

The term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to where the axons originated is A) decussation. B) contralateral. C) ascending crossovers. D) pyramidal tracts. E) consensual tracts.

A

This structure of the medulla oblongata relays information from the red nuclei, midbrain, and the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. A) inferior olivary complex B) reticular formation C) nucleus gracilis D) nucleus cuneatus E) solitary nucleus

A

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? A) pia mater B) arachnoid mater C) dura mater D) cranial plexus E) choroid plexus

A

Which dural fold separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum? A) tentorium cerebelli B) falx cerebelli C) falx cerebri D) longitudinal fissure E) superior sagittal sinus

A

Which hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms? A) suprachiasmatic nucleus B) preoptic area C) autonomic nucleus D) paraventricular nucleus E) tuber cinereum

A

Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland? A) It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin. B) It is part of the hypothalamus and secretes oxytocin. C) It is part of the thalamus. D) It is part of the limbic system. E) It controls heart rate and blood pressure.

A

A person touches you lightly with a feather. What two areas of the brain allow you to feel and interpret this touch? A) primary motor cortex and the primary sensory cortex B) primary sensory cortex and the somatic sensory association area C) primary sensory cortex and the visceral sensory association area D) primary motor cortex and the somatic motor association area E) gustatory cortex and the gustatory association area

B

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because A) electrical activity originates within the medulla. B) the vital centers for the control of blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there. C) the blood might not be able to circulate properly around the brain. D) body temperature is controlled by the medulla. E) digestive processes are controlled by the medulla.

B

Specialized ________ form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. A) epididymal cells B) ependymal cells C) arachnoid cells D) astrocyte E) blood cells

B

Stimulation of the ________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger. A) satiety center B) feeding center C) thirst center D) limbic system E) hormone center

B

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex. A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) pons D) medulla oblongata E) cerebellum

B

The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. A) hippocampus B) infundibulum C) supraoptic nucleus D) basal ganglia E) amygdala

B

The choroid plexus is composed of A) lymphatic vessels. B) blood vessels. C) nerve fibers. D) ganglia. E) subarachnoid granulations.

B

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the A) four cerebral lobes. B) superior and inferior colliculi. C) first four cranial nerves. D) cranial nerve IV. E) two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles.

B

The dorsal/posterior nuclei of the thalamus includes the A) basal nuclei. B) lateral and medial geniculate nuclei. C) mammillary body. D) interthalamic adhesion. E) red nucleus.

B

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the A) dural sinus. B) falx cerebri. C) tentorium cerebelli. D) falx cerebelli. E) choroid plexus.

B

The medial nuclei of the thalamus A) are part of the limbic system. B) connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe. C) produce the hormone oxytocin. D) process visual information. E) process olfactory information.

B

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the A) basal ganglia. B) brain stem. C) mesencephalon. D) ventricles. E) diencephalon.

B

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the A) pulvinar nuclei. B) lateral geniculate nuclei. C) medial geniculate nuclei. D) supraoptic nuclei. E) paraventricular nuclei.

B

The passageway between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle is the A) posterior foramen. B) interventricular foramen. C) cerebral aqueduct. D) lateral foramen. E) central canal.

B

The pineal gland is part of the A) hypothalamus. B) diencephalon. C) midbrain. D) medulla oblongata. E) brainstem.

B

The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus.

B

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.

B

To return CSF to circulation, arachnoid granulations extend into the A) subarachnoid space. B) superior sagittal sinus. C) carotid canal. D) inferior sagittal sinus. E) jugular foramen.

B

Which of the following is not a property of the blood-brain barrier? A) The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. B) It is very permeable to many water and lipid-soluble compounds. C) Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. D) It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. E) It is intact except in areas known as circumventricular organs.

B

Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? A) primarily a functional grouping B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C) located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon D) links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem E) functions in emotions, learning, and memory

B

Which of the following is not function of the hypothalamus? A) produces ADH B) secrete melatonin C) regulates body temperature D) secretes oxytocin E) controls autonomic centers

B

Which of the following is not true regarding the lentiform nucleus? A) It is part of the basal nuclei. B) It contains white matter. C) It controls subconscious control of skeletal muscle. D) It contains the putamen and the globus pallidus. E) It is located deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle on each cerebral hemisphere

B

Which of the following is true about the cerebral cortex? A) It is a deep layer of gray matter. B) It is a superficial layer of gray matter. C) It is a deep layer of white matter. D) It is a superficial layer of white matter. E) It is a deep layer of both white and gray matter.

B

Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? A) contains the mammillary body B) forms the roof of the diencephalon C) processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum D) forms the cerebrum E) creates the lateral ventricles

B

Which of the following tracts is correctly matched? A) superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the spinal cord B) middle cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the pons C) inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the cerebrum D) superior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the medulla oblongata E) inferior cerebellar peduncles: link cerebellum with nuclei in the midbrain

B

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem? A) an intense thirst B) an uncontrolled sex drive C) reduced ability to regulate body temperature D) an insatiable appetite E) production of a large volume of urine

C

How rapidly is the CSF volume replaced? A) every 20 minutes B) every 2 hours C) every 8 hours D) every 2 days E) every week

C

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the A) tectum. B) corpora quadrigemina. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi.

C

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) thalamus. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata.

C

Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? A) the prefrontal lobe B) the general interpretive area C) the limbic system D) the preoptic area E) the reticular activating system

C

The hypothalamus produces which two hormones? A) ADH and epinephrine B) epinephrine and norepinephrine C) ADH and oxytocin D) growth hormone and melatonin E) oxytocin and melatonin

C

The lateral ventricles are found A) in the cerebellar hemispheres. B) between the pons and the midbrain. C) in the cerebral hemispheres. D) in the diencephalon. E) in the spinal cord

C

The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus A) regulate lactation. B) secrete oxytocin. C) control feeding reflexes. D) control heart rate and blood pressure. E) secrete antidiuretic hormone.

C

The nuclei of which cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain? A) I and II B) II and III C) III and IV D) IV and V E) V and VI

C

The olfactory cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) cerebellum.

C

The system that functions in tying together emotions, motivation and memory is the A) reticular activating system. B) circadian system. C) limbic system. D) hypothalamic system. E) apneustic system.

C

Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the A) cerebral aqueduct. B) basal ganglia. C) falx cerebri. D) tentorium cerebelli. E) septum pellucidum.

C

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? A) secrete cerebrospinal fluid B) secrete melatonin C) process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum D) store memories E) regulate food intake

C

Which of the following is not one of the thalamic nuclei? A) ventral nuclei B) medial nuclei C) superior nuclei D) anterior nuclei E) dorsal nuclei

C

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the A) nucleus gracilis. B) nucleus cuneatus. C) motor cortex. D) substantia nigra. E) cerebellar nucleus.

D

In order to take notes the primary motor cortex must receive input from the ________ first. A) postcentral gyrus B) primary sensory cortex C) somatic sensory association area D) premotor cortex E) olfactory association area

D

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located? A) prefrontal cortex B) postcentral gyrus C) basal nuclei D) hypothalamus E) reticular formation

D

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) cerebellum.

D

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. A) amygdaloid body B) cingulate gyrus C) mammillary bodies D) hippocampus E) fornix

D

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue. A) 15 percent B) 25 percent C) 68 percent D) 97 percent E) 35 percent

D

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the A) external carotid arteries. B) facial arteries. C) jugular veins. D) internal carotid and vertebral arteries. E) dural sinuses.

D

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the A) flocculonodular lobe. B) arbor vitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid.

D

The cerebellum and pons develop from the A) telencephalon. B) diencephalon. C) mesencephalon. D) metencephalon. E) myelencephalon.

D

The complex integration of sensory information with visual and auditory memories occurs in this area near the auditory cortex? A) somatosensory area B) precentral gyrus C) premotor cortex D) Wernicke's area E) Broca's area

D

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) thalamus.

D

The dural sinuses form between which two layers of the cranial dura mater? A) pia and arachnoid layers B) periosteal and endosteal layers C) meningeal and cranial layers D) periosteal and meningeal layers E) superior and inferior sagittal layers

D

The dural venous sinuses are located in the A) paranasal cavity. B) arachnoid folds. C) pia mater. D) dural folds. E) tentorium cerebelli.

D

The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention. A) falx cerebri B) Wernicke's area C) general association area D) reticular activating system E) basal ganglia

D

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the A) pons. B) medulla. C) cerebral cortex. D) cerebellar cortex. E) arbor vitae.

D

The rounded elevations of the cerebrum that increase its surface area are called A) sulci. B) fissures. C) cortical folds. D) gyri. E) dural sinuses.

D

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it A) controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. B) determines what can enter the brain from the blood. C) controls reflexes. D) determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. E) passes motor information on to the cerebellum.

D

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the A) first. B) second. C) third. D) fourth. E) lateral

D

What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? A) subdural space B) dural sinus C) falx cerebri D) subarachnoid space E) pia mater

D

When you perform a physical activity that you have not done in a while, such as riding a bike, which area of your brain coordinates your movements with learned experiences? A) thalamus B) pons C) midbrain D) cerebellum E) medulla oblongata

D

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A) provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues B) provides buoyant support for the brain C) acts as a transport medium for nutrients D) produces ATP for impulse transmission E) acts as a transport medium for waste products

D

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) mesencephalon D) diencephalon E) cerebellum

D

Which statement is true regarding cerebrospinal fluid? A) CSF is identical in composition to blood plasma. B) CSF is made during fetal development and does not change through the lifetime of the person. C) There is about a liter of CSF within the brain and spinal cord. D) If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus. E) CSF moves back into the blood supply by the process of osmosis.

D

A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the A) amygdaloid body. B) cingulate gyrus. C) mammillary bodies. D) hippocampus. E) fornix.

E

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called A) plexuses. B) ganglia. C) sinuses. D) aqueducts. E) ventricles.

E

Descending fibers from the pons to the cerebellum pass through these structures of the midbrain? A) substantia nigra B) reticular formation C) superior colliculus D) corpora quadrigemina E) cerebral peduncles

E

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from A) deficient production of cerebrospinal fluid. B) excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid. C) blockage of circulation of CSF. D) excessive water intake. E) blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

E

Jane, a 79-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with a tumor in the brain. She has lost some sensory and motor functions associated with the face, like control of facial muscles for emotion and various sensory functions like taste. In addition, she has some hearing loss and balance problems. The location of the tumor is likely to be the A) cerebellum. B) cerebrum. C) medulla. D) thalamus. E) pons.

E

The ________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain. A) cerebral peduncles B) reticular formation C) substantia nigra D) choroid plexuses E) corpora quadrigemina

E

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. A) cerebellum B) medulla oblongata C) cerebrum D) pons E) hypothalamus

E

The medulla oblongata regulates A) somatic motor contractions. B) food intake. C) auditory reflexes. D) vision and hearing. E) blood pressure and respiration.

E

The medulla oblongata relays auditory stimuli to the A) substantia nigra. B) red nuclei. C) cerebral peduncles. D) superior colliculi. E) inferior colliculi.

E

The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this? A) substantia nigra B) red nuclei C) tectum D) superior colliculi E) inferior colliculi

E

The wall between the lateral ventricles is called the A) cerebral aqueduct. B) fornix. C) falx cerebri. D) corpus callosum. E) septum pellucidum.

E

Tony hit his head in a car accident. The physicians diagnosed him with a subdural hemorrhage. Which of the following correctly states where the bleeding has occurred in his brain? A) Blood is between the dura mater and the skull. B) Blood is between the pia mater and arachnoid mater. C) Blood is between the pia mater and the brain. D) Blood is between the superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus. E) Blood is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

E

Which of the following is not correctly matched? A) commissural fibers: interconnect the cerebral hemispheres B) arcuate fibers: short association fibers C) projection fibers: pass through the diencephalon D) association fibers: interconnect areas within a single cerebral hemisphere E) internal capsule: bands of association fibers

E

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain? A) Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas. B) There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges. C) The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord. D) There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges. E) The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord

E