Chapter 14 - Temperature

Which of the following temperatures is impossible to measure?

-20 K.

The temperature at which all molecular motion stops is

0 K.

Which item below contains insulation material?

A plastic foam cup.

________________ is the temperature at which an object's energy is minimal.

Absolute zero

Which of the following is the name of a temperature scale?

Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

____________ transfers heat energy between particles as they collide within a substance or between two objects in contact.

Conduction

Evaporation causes what type of effect?

Cooling.

Which of the following statements is true?

Energy as heat is transferred from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.

On the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at -32 degrees.

False, 32 degrees.

People feel most comfortable when the temperature of the air is 98.6 degrees.

False, around 75 degrees

Energy is transferred as heat between two objects of same temperatures.

False, different

Heating by convection can occur only through solids.

False, fluids

A hot objects emits less radiation than a cool object.

False, more

When a refrigerant evaporates it adds energy as heat to its surroundings.

False, removes

A degree on the Fahrenheit scale is a bigger unit than a degree on the Celsius scale.

False, smaller

Some of the energy generated as heat by a heating system is wasted.

False, unusable

An internal combustion engine uses what kind of energy to do work?

Heat.

Which of the following substances is the best conductor of transferring energy as heat?

Iron.

What does not involve the movement of matter?

Radiation.

Which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter?

Radiation.

What describes how much energy is required to raise an object's temperature?

Specific heat.

______________ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object.

Temperature

A good insulator is a poor conductor.

True

An active solar heating system needs sunlight and electricity as sources of energy.

True

An example of an external combustion engine is a steam engine.

True

An example of an internal combustion engine is a diesel engine.

True

As the temperature of mercury inside the thermometer increases, its volume increases.

True

Energy is transferred as heat from a substance at a high temperature to a substance at a low temperature.

True

In all cooling systems, energy is transferred as heat from one substance to another, leaving the first substance with less energy and with a lower temperature.

True

Insulation minimizes undesirable energy transfers.

True

It takes more heat energy to raise the temperature of water by one degree than to raise the temperature of steam by the same amount.

True

Radiation is the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a vacuum.

True

When a refrigerant condenses, it gives up energy as heat to its surroundings.

True

The Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined by which of the following temperatures?

Water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees.

A solar heating system that utilizes an electric fan to move warm air throughout a home is called a __________ system.

active

Temperature is

associated with the sensation of hot and cold, proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules, and measured with thermometers.

Heat engines use _______ to convert potential chemical energy and internal kinetic energy into mechanical energy.

combustion

The transfer of energy as heat causes by the collision of molecules is called

conduction.

A ___________ is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat.

conductor

The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with different temperatures is called _____________.

convection

The movement of a gas or liquid due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences within the fluid is called a _______________.

convection current

The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called

convection.

Convection currents rise in air because

cool air descends and hot air rises.

When energy is transformed, the amount of usable energy

decreases.

Radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet rays, and X rays are forms of _______________________.

electromagnetic waves.

When one feels a warm oven, the sensation of warmth is the result of

energy transfer.

The energy transferred between the particles of two objects because of the temperature difference between the two objects is called _______.

heat

The energy transferred between objects with different temperatures is

heat.

Heat always moves from an object of _______ temperature to an object of _______ temperature.

higher, lower

An ___________ is a material that is a poor energy conductor.

insulator

In an air conditioner, a substance that easily evaporates and condenses is used to transfer energy from a room to the air outside. When the substance evaporates,

it absorbs energy as heat from the surrounding air.

Temperature is a measure of ________ energy to do work?

kinetic

A drill bit will get hot after extended use. This is because of

mechanical heating.

An engine transforms chemical energy of a fuel into work done by

pistons.

Solar panels gather _______ energy from the sun.

radiated

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called ___________.

radiation

A cold-blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by

radiation and conduction.

Energy from the sun reaches Earth by

radiation only.

The total amount of energy (both usable and unusable) in any process

remains constant.

The amount of heat energy transferred that will raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K is called ______________.

specific heat

As the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the

temperature of the substance increases.

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

the total energy used in any process is conserved.

A __________ is a device for measuring temperature.

thermometer