Chapter 14: The Russian Core

Shrinking Pop

A shrinking population is a major problem for Russia. To offset falling birthrates, there are government programs that pay monthly allowances to parents with babies and children. The total fertility rate of 1.4 babies per woman in 2010 is far below the 2.1 needed to naturally maintain the population. Reducing mortality rates is also necessary. Death rates, particularly among males between ages of 25 and 45, have increased to levels that outpace new births. As a result of having fewer younger people, Russia's overall population has been simultaneously decreasing and growing older.

Asian eastern

Beginning in 1891, under Czar Alexander III, Russia expanded into Siberia with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Nearly 6,000 miles (9,700 km) long, it connected Moscow to Vladivostok. Once completed in 1916, the railroad opened Russia's ______ region to settlement.

Moscow, Vladivostok

Beginning in 1891, under Czar Alexander III, Russia expanded into Siberia with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Nearly 6,000 miles (9,700 km) long, it connected _______-to _________. Once completed in 1916, the railroad opened Russia's Asian eastern region to settlement.

Siberia, Trans-Siberian

Beginning in 1891, under Czar Alexander III, Russia expanded into ___ with the construction of the _______ Railroad. Nearly 6,000 miles (9,700 km) long, it connected Moscow to Vladivostok. Once completed in 1916, the railroad opened Russia's Asian eastern region to settlement.

Alexander 3, SIberian, Railroad, Asian eastern

Beginning in 1891, under Czar ______, Russia expanded into Siberia with the construction of the Trans-Siberian ______. Nearly 6,000 miles (9,700 km) long, it connected Moscow to Vladivostok. Once completed in 1916, the railroad opened Russia's ______ region to settlement.

one, two

Belarus only has __ environmental prob while Ukraine has ___.

Siberia

Czar Alexander the 3 expanded Russia through railway into what remote area?

Alexander 2, Russification

Czar ________'s limited reforms caused many former serfs to move to cities. There they faced the poor conditions and low wages of factory work. Non-Russian peoples from newly colonized regions of the Russian Empire faced prejudice. The government also insisted colonized people become like Russians. _______ became government policy, and people were required to speak Russian and follow Eastern Orthodox Christianity to receive jobs and benefits.

Soviet

DUring the __ ear, industrialization took place with concern or the environment. The production of Nuclear weapons and energy have had the most significant impact

1/5

Deforestation is a problem in Russia, which is home to about __ of the world's forest lands.

West, U.S., Cold, nuclear, shaped

Following World War II, the Communist Soviet Union was engaged in a political and ideological war with the ____, particularly the _______, in the _____ War. Tensions during this time brought the world to the brink of ______ war and _______ modern economic and political policies.

a

Full-time employment of women in the 1990s contributed to Russia's A.declining birthrate. B.elderly population. C.shrinking workforce. D.decreased rights for women.

Nicholas, monarchy, USSR

One of the biggest proponents for greater economic equality was the German philosopher Karl Marx, the founder of modern communism. He advocated two principles: the public ownership of all land and means of production, and a classless society with an equal sharing of wealth. During World War I, which began in 1914, numerous strikes and demonstrations were organized by Russian workers who suffered hardships because of the war. They protested, demanding "bread and freedom." This unrest triggered, or set off, the Russian Revolution of 1917. Czar ____ and his family were murdered, signaling the demise of Europe's last absolute _______. What emerged was the Communist-controlled Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (_______), or the Soviet Union.

Karl Marx, 1, Bread and freedom, revolution, monarchy, communist

One of the biggest proponents for greater economic equality was the German philosopher _____, the founder of modern communism. He advocated two principles: the public ownership of all land and means of production, and a classless society with an equal sharing of wealth. During World War ____, which began in 1914, numerous strikes and demonstrations were organized by Russian workers who suffered hardships because of the war. They protested, demanding "_______." This unrest triggered, or set off, the Russian _______ of 1917. Czar Nicholas and his family were murdered, signaling the demise of Europe's last absolute _______. What emerged was the ________-controlled Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or the Soviet Union.

up- and down ecomony, natural

The Russian economy experienced many successes throughout the 1990s. More consumer goods were available to meet pent-up demands. Greater demands resulted in prices that soared, and many people could not afford to buy the goods. Between 1990 and 1995, Russia experienced an economic depression as its GDP fell by 50 percent. Following a 1998 financial crisis, the ruble—Russia's currency—lost 71 percent of its value. The international community issued loans and credit to help the country. Russia has experienced steady economic growth since 1998, due in part to increases in productivity, wages, consumption, and a growing middle class. The anchor in the economic success has been its vast supplies of ____ resources that are marketed to industrialized countries.

expanding, grown, petroleum, forest

The Russian manufacturing and service sectors are ____, while the oil and gas sector has ____ rapidly. Russia's most important industry is _____ extraction and processing, and the country is one of the world's largest producers of crude oil (50%). While energy resources dominate Russian exports, minerals also provide important export income. Russian _____ produce one-fifth of the world's softwood, and Russian supertrawlers, or fish-factory ships, process catches from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for sale on the global market.

a

What is the Russian term for new openness in areas of politics, social issues, and media? A.glasnost B.perestroika C.Marxism D.privatization

Moscow

What is the capital of Russia?

Continentality

What is the effect of extreme variation in temperature and very little precipitation within the interior portions of a landmass?

Czar

What is the ruler of Russia until 1917 revolution; originally from Latin word Caesar, tile of Roman emperors?

Ukraine

What is the second largest country in Europe?

peat bog

What is western siberia the world's largest producer of ?

Arctic Drillling

What is what the russians want to drill but many are opposed and the concern is environmental damage?

Perestroika

What means in Russian, "restructuring"; part if Gorbachev's plan for reforming the Soviet economy and government?

West

What part of the Urals is most affected by industry?

The Russian Revolution

What was it called when the peasants ross up, over through the Romannovs and helped bring communism to Russia?

mIKHAIL gORBACHEV, market, privtzations

When ________ came to power in 1985, the Soviet command economy was under strain. He began to move the country toward a _____ economy, in which businesses became owned by private individuals and companies. Gorbachev reduced government controls, allowed people to start small businesses, and encouraged foreign investment. Boris Yeltsin, Gorbachev's successor, expanded this process. Russia's economy continued to change after 1991. Yeltsin removed governmental price controls and encouraged _______—a shift to private ownership—of state-owned companies. This favored wealthy people or businesses with money to purchase large companies. Those who made money sometimes invested their profits outside the country in Europe and the United States. Most Russians were not able to benefit from this new wealth at the time.

black sea

Where does Ukraine have a major seaport?

Chechnya

Where is the area with significant rebellions against Russian occupation?

Russia

Which country has constantly had the highest GDP since 1990?

Belarus

Which country has the largest population of "other" ethnic groups?

C

Which of the following climate types can be found in Belarus? A.subarctic climate covered by boreal forest B.humid subtropical climate with high precipitation C.cool continental climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean D.steppe climate with vast grassland and chernozem

a

Which of the following events was NOT a cause of the Russian Revolution? A.adoption of Marxism B.Czar Alexander II's limited reforms C.poor working conditions in cities D.government policy known as "Russification"

c

Which of the following events was triggered by the hardships of World War I? A.Non-Russian peoples faced prejudice. B.Czar Alexander III expanded Russia into Siberia. C.Czar Nicholas II and his family were murdered. D.The Trans-Siberian Railroad led to settlement of eastern Russia.

c

Which of the following gave the Soviet Union control of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and eastern Poland? A.the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics B.Russification C.the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact D.Marxism

A

Which of the following landlocked countries lies entirely on the Northern European Plain? A.Belarus B.Ukraine C.Perekop D.Siberia

d

Which of the following practices was NOT discouraged by the Soviet government? A.learning local languages B.artistic expression C.religious practices D.atheism

D

Which of the following rivers is the longest in Europe? A.the Neman River B.the Berezina River C.the Dnieper River D.the Volga River

B

Which of the following terms does NOT describe the tundra? A.It covers about 10 percent of Russia. B.It has broad expanses of coniferous evergreen trees. C.It has several weeks of continuous sunlight in the summer. D.Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs thrive there.

b

Who instituted perestroika and the plan for reforming the Soviet economy and government? A.Boris Yeltsin B.Mikhail Gorbachev C.Nikita Khrushchev D.Joseph Stalin

Peter the GReat

Who modernized Russia, expanded it and bringed closer ties with the west?

Joseph Stalin

Who was a communist leaser that emerged following the death of Vladimir Lenin?

Karl Marx

Who was the founder of modern communism?

Karl MArx

Who was the german philosopher who many considered the father of modern communism?

The mongols

Who where the people who swept in from asia in 1200s and controlled kievan Rus Russia for 200 years

climate and size

Why does still depend on railroads and waterways for much of its transportation need?

warmer

____ air from the Atlantic Ocean moderates temperatures in western Russia. Most of Russia, however, lies well within the Eurasian landmass, far away from any moderating ocean influences. As a result, much of the country's interior has more extreme variations in temperature and little precipitation. This climatic effect within the interior areas of a landmass is called continentality.

east

____ of the Ural Mountains and extending to the Pacific Ocean are the vast stretches of plains and plateaus that make up Siberia. The West Siberian Plain covers about 1/3 of Siberia and is one of the largest low-lying flatlands in the world. It is known for harsh continental climate and some of the world's largest swaps and wetlands.

South

____ of the tundra lies the subarctic climate zone. While not as severe as the tundra climate, this zone only has four months of the year when the temperature rises above 50°F (10°C). The rest of the year is cold. The biome here is boreal forest, or taiga, which consists of broad expanses of coniferous evergreen trees.

belarus

_____ was once an important passage route for inland navigation between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. Each with its own tributaries, the largest rivers in the country include the Dnieper River, Berezina River, Pripyat' River, Neman River, Bug River, and Western Dvina. Narach is the country's largest lake, measuring 31 square miles (79.6 sq. km

Global Warming

as peat bogs warm up in Siberia because ____ they produce methan

nuclear waste

by-products of producing nuclear power and weapons

pesticide

chemicals used to kill crop-damaging insect, rodents, and other pests

radioactive material

material contaminated by residue from the generation of nuclear energy and weapons

Communist, collapse, independence, 15, Russian, Ukraine, Belarus

he enormous costs of the Soviet Union's military and inefficient economic policies weakened its role in the world. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev, a reform-minded official, became the leader of the Soviet Union. He instituted a policy of economic restructuring called perestroika (pehr•uh•STROY•kuh) and a policy of greater political openness called glasnost (GLAZ•nohst). Political reform was set in motion. Satellites controlled by the Soviet Union began to replace their _______ governments in 1989. In 1991 a failed coup led to the ___ of the Soviet government and regions of the country began declaring their ____. Today there are ___ independent countries, including____, ____and ____.

Belarus

What is one country remaining industrially integrated and aligned with Russia?

pipline, eastern Siberia, Pacific

Russia began to build a ___ to carry oil from ____ to th __

communism

Russia developed into a monarchy, but that system was overthrown by _____ in the 20th century.

Monarchy

Russia first developed into what?

T

T/F The world's oldest and deepest lake is Lake Baikal

C

10.Which of the following is NOT a result of ongoing protests from concerned citizens and environmental organizations about pollution to Lake Baikal? A.The most serious polluters have been closed. B.Some serious polluters are working to reduce pollution. C.All oil drilling operations have been halted. D.Pollution levels in the lake have dropped.

A

2.Supertrawlers are controversial mainly because they cause A.unnecessary death to marine animals. B.loss of fishermen's jobs. C.air pollution. D.water pollution.

B

4.The sturgeon population has declined because of A.overfishing. B.dams built on the Volga River. C.increased government regulation. D.environmental policies.

c

6.Which of the following was NOT a result of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster? A.radiation poisoning B.respiratory diseases and cancer C.quick public notification D.people displaced from their homes

b

7.Which of the following terms refers to chemicals used to kill crop-damaging insects and rodents? A.fertilizers B.pesticides C.emissions D.nuclear waste

B

9.After protests over the construction of a paper-pulp factory along Lake Baikal's shores, A.environmental policies were implemented. B.the factory was built anyway. C.the factory was planned for a different location. D.plans for the factory were halted.

shrinking, declined, increased

A _______ population describes russia's pop because birthrates have ______ and death rates have _______.

reactor, chernobyl, radation

A fire occurred in a nuclear ___ in the town of ___ in 1986, releasing huge amounts of __ into the atmosphere and onto the land.

cities, piplines

A major highway system links Moscow with other major cities in Russia, but winters are severe on roadways and repairs are both necessary and expensive. Because of its size and climate extremes, Russia depends on railroads and waterways for much of its transportation needs. Major ____ are found where the Trans-Siberian Railroad and other railroads cross large rivers. Millions of tons of goods travel along thousands of miles of navigable inland waterways, which include seaports and inland cities. ____ are effective in transporting petroleum products, although constructing and maintaining them is challenging in large regions, such as Siberia, with a harsh climate.

lake Baikal

A paper factory was built, despite protest, on the shores of the ancient __ in siberia.

Moscow

About 80 percent of all Russians live west of the Ural Mountains. This is due in part to the rich soils, waterways, and a milder climate than that of eastern Russia, also known as Siberia. Densely settled western Russia includes the country's industrialized cities. The major industrial city is ____, Russia's capital. Following the reestablishment of Russia as a country in 1991, the controls over where people could live were removed. People migrated where there were jobs and other opportunities. As a result, Russian cities experienced increases in population. By 2000 the population of ethnic Russians began to decline due to a greatly reduced birthrate. The decline has continued into the twenty-first century.

soil, waterways, climate

About 80% of all Russsians live west of the Ural Mountains. This is due in part to the rich ______, ________, and milder ___ than that of Eastern Russia, also known as Siberia.

fertilizers, pesticides

Farmers' overuse of ____ and ____ have led to land and water pollution.

sturgeon

Anouther fish product from the region is the world-famous Russian caviar that comes from the eggs of ___ fish that inhabit freshwater rivers and lakes.

Baikal

At 25 million years old and 5,715 feet deep, Siberia's Lake _______ is the world's oldest and deepest.

free, mandatory, math, science, engineering, balanced funding

During the Soviet era, education was ___ and _____. The emphasis was on ____, ______, and ________ rather than on language, history, and literature. The curriculum changed dramatically after Russian independence. Schools began to emphasize a more _____ approach to learning, including language, history, and literature. Today, students have a choice of different types of schools, but the country's economy has limited_____ for schools.

Romanovs, Russification

During the late 1700s, Empress Catherine the Great continued to expand Russia's empire and gained a long-desired warm-water port on the Black Sea. A later royal family of Russia, the ______, continued expansion, resulting in acquisitions in both Eastern and Central Europe. These new territories and their people brought many non-Russians under Russian rule. A program known as ____ was begun to make those peoples more "Russian."

Catherine

During the late 1700s, Empress ___ the Great continued to expand Russia's empire and gained a long-desired warm-water port on the Black Sea. A later royal family of Russia, the Romanovs, continued expansion, resulting in acquisitions in both Eastern and Central Europe. These new territories and their people brought many non-Russians under Russian rule. A program known as Russification was begun to make those peoples more "Russian."

largarest

East of the Ural Mountains and extending to the Pacific Ocean are the vast stretches of plains and plateaus that make up Siberia. The West Siberian Plain covers about 1/3 of Siberia and is one of the _____ low-lying flatlands in the world. It is known for harsh continental climate and some of the world's largest swaps and wetlands.

continental

East of the Ural Mountains and extending to the Pacific Ocean are the vast stretches of plains and plateaus that make up Siberia. The West Siberian Plain covers about 1/3 of Siberia and is one of the largest low-lying flatlands in the world. It is known for harsh ______ climate and some of the world's largest swaps and wetlands.

poorly designed and unsafe

Experts think the 29 remaining Soviet-era reactors are ____.

They discouraged it

How did the Soviet Union influence religion?

The gov. owns, decides and controls

How does a command economy work?

Chernobyl

In 1998 what happened in Ukraine and ia the worst nuclear disaster in human history and the Russian are still grappling with how to deal with it?

artic ocean

In September 2012, a British Parliamentary committe called for a halt to drilling in the ____ until steps are taken to protect the region.

northwestern plains, black sea

In Ukraine, the Dnieper River is the longest in the country, stretching 609 miles (908 km) beginning in the ________ and traversing southeast to drain into the _______. Other major waterways in Ukraine include the Southern Bug, Dniester, and even a small portion of the Danube River. Like the Volga in Russia, the Dnieper provides hydroelectric power and transportation as well as enabling commerce. But the most important function of these rivers collectively is to supply water to Ukrainians. This is done through an intricately constructed series of canals. There are few freshwater lakes across Ukraine. Small saltwater lakes can be found in the Black Sea Lowland and Crimea, while limans, or large saline lakes, are found along the coast. In recent years Ukraine has created some artificial lakes and reservoirs.

canals

In Ukraine, the Dnieper River is the longest in the country, stretching 609 miles (908 km) beginning in the northwestern plains and traversing southeast to drain into the Black Sea. Other major waterways in Ukraine include the Southern Bug, Dniester, and even a small portion of the Danube River. Like the Volga in Russia, the Dnieper provides hydroelectric power and transportation as well as enabling commerce. But the most important function of these rivers collectively is to supply water to Ukrainians. This is done through an intricately constructed series of _____. There are few freshwater lakes across Ukraine. Small saltwater lakes can be found in the Black Sea Lowland and Crimea, while limans, or large saline lakes, are found along the coast. In recent years Ukraine has created some artificial lakes and reservoirs.

Kamchatka

In ____ in eastern Russia, groups have come together to oppose a mining operation.

1994

In approximately what year did the GDP of Belarus surpass the GDP of Ukraine

Belarus

Natural resources in ______ include fuel sources such as peat, oil, and natural gas deposits. The country also contains small quantities of a variety of rocks and minerals, such as chalk, sand, clay, gravel, granite, and limestone.

Czar Peter, monderize

In the late 1600s, ________ I—known as Peter the Great—came to power, determined to ______ Russia. Under his rule, Russia enlarged its territory, built a strong military, and developed trade with Western Europe. To acquire seaports, Russia gained land along the Baltic Sea from Sweden. St. Petersburg became the new capital and a major port city. It was carved out of the wilderness along the Gulf of Finland, providing access to the Baltic Sea and giving Russia "a window on the West."

Continentality

Interior Russia has extreme weather conditions due to _________.

tight

Living conditions in Russia affect family life. Due to a housing shortage, most people live in large apartment blocks. While space in the traditional apartments is ____, new housing developments since 1991 offer space and living conditions similar to those in Western Europe and the United States.

b

Materials contaminated by residue from the generation of nuclear energy and weapons is called A.manufacturing. B.nuclear waste. C.regulation. D.pesticide.

midlatitudes, agricultural production

Most Russians live in the milder _________climates of the western region, where much of the country's ________ takes place.

natural resources

Much of Russia's abundant ___ are in places that are remote and climatically difficult to reach.

Karl Marx, "bread and Freedom", Revolution

One of the biggest proponents for greater economic equality was the German philosopher ________, the founder of modern communism. He advocated two principles: the public ownership of all land and means of production, and a classless society with an equal sharing of wealth. During World War I, which began in 1914, numerous strikes and demonstrations were organized by Russian workers who suffered hardships because of the war. They protested, demanding "__________." This unrest triggered, or set off, the Russian _________ of 1917. Czar Nicholas and his family were murdered, signaling the demise of Europe's last absolute monarchy. What emerged was the Communist-controlled Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), or the Soviet Union.

southeast

One of the most renowned Siberian lakes is Lake Baikal. Located in _____ Russia, Lake Baikal is the oldest lake in the world (25 million years). It is also the deepest at 5,715 feet (1,742 m). It holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on the planet. Known as the "Galapagos of Russia" because of its age and isolation, Lake Baikal has many unusual freshwater marine species, which are of exceptional value to scientists who study how species evolve.

Ukraine

Over 25% of the electricity in____ is produced by nuclear fuels.

Eastern Europe

Part of the SU during the COld War?

Policies

Past _______ have effected today's society and culture in the RUssian core

dependent, EU

Relationships with neighboring countries are important to Russia. Ukraine imports petroleum, petroleum products, and natural gas, as well as many other products. Ukraine has the major seaport on the Black Sea and exports grain, sugar, iron ore, coal, and manganese. In the twenty-first century, Russia and Ukraine remain ____ upon one another for trade. However, Ukraine is wary of past Russian dominance of the Ukrainian people. Therefore, Ukraine's government has discussed making application to join the ____, which would switch its closest relationships from Russia to Europe. However, acceptance to the EU is dependent on economic, political, and social criteria on which Ukraine must make progress. In the meantime, Ukraine is developing its economy and its national identity within the region.

growth

Russia has experienced steady economic ___ since 1998, due in part to increases in productivity, wages, consumption and a growing middle class. The anchor in the economic success has been its vast supplies of natural resources that are marketed to industrialized countries.

50

Russia has focused on becoming a full partner in the global community by expanding trade and building international relationships. The country is a major source of oil and natural gas. These resources account for more than ___ percent of Russia's exports.

Ural, Caucasus

Russia has two main mountain ranges, the ___ Mountains and the _______ Mountains.

c

Russia's economy continued to change after Boris Yeltsin removed governmental price controls and encouraged A.perestroika. B.lower wages. C.privatization. D.glasnost.

Mount Elbrus, Cauacasus

Russia's highest peak, ________, is in the ________ Mountains.

Mongols

Russia's historical roots go back to the A.D. 600s when Slav farmers, hunters, and fishers settled near the waterways of the Northern European Plain. The Slav communities were once organized into a loose union of city-states known as Kievan Rus. Ruled by princes, the leading city-state, Kiev, controlled a prosperous trading route, using Russia's western rivers to link seaports and trade centers on the Baltic and Black Seas. In the early 1200s, ______ from Central Asia invaded Kiev and many of the Slav territories. Although the ______ allowed the Slavs self-rule, they continued to control the area militarily for more than 200 years.

kiev

Russia's historical roots go back to the A.D. 600s when Slav farmers, hunters, and fishers settled near the waterways of the Northern European Plain. The Slav communities were once organized into a loose union of city-states known as Kievan Rus. Ruled by princes, the leading city-state, _____, controlled a prosperous trading route, using Russia's western rivers to link seaports and trade centers on the Baltic and Black Seas. In the early 1200s, Mongols from Central Asia invaded _____ and many of the Slav territories. Although the Mongols allowed the Slavs self-rule, they continued to control the area militarily for more than 200 years.

Kievan Rus

Russia's historical roots go back to the A.D. 600s when Slav farmers, hunters, and fishers settled near the waterways of the Northern European Plain. The Slav communities were once organized into a loose union of city-states known as _____. Ruled by princes, the leading city-state, Kiev, controlled a prosperous trading route, using Russia's western rivers to link seaports and trade centers on the Baltic and Black Seas. In the early 1200s, Mongols from Central Asia invaded Kiev and many of the Slav territories. Although the Mongols allowed the Slavs self-rule, they continued to control the area militarily for more than 200 years.

important

Russia's most ___ industry is petroleum extraction and processing, and the country is one of the world's largest producer of crude oil.

D

Russia's most important industry is A.commercial fishing. B.nuclear technologies. C.weaponry manufacturing. D.petroleum extraction and processing.

1/5, remote, unffavorable

Russia's physical geography benefits but also challenges its people. The country has an abundance of natural resources, including ____ of the world's forests. Much of this wealth, however, lies in ______ and climatically _______ areas and is difficult to tap or utilize. For example, Russia holds large petroleum deposits and 16 percent of the world's coal reserves; however, the country's biggest coalfields lie in remote areas of eastern Siberia. Russia is also a leading producer of natural gas, but much of it is located in northern Siberia. It also leads the world in nickel production and ranks among the top three producers of aluminum, gemstones, and platinum-group metals. Russia's rivers make it a leading producer of hydroelectric power.

petroleum, 16

Russia's physical geography benefits but also challenges its people. The country has an abundance of natural resources, including one-fifth of the world's forests. Much of this wealth, however, lies in remote and climatically unfavorable areas and is difficult to tap or utilize. For example, Russia holds large _____ deposits and ___ percent of the world's coal reserves; however, the country's biggest coalfields lie in remote areas of eastern Siberia. Russia is also a leading producer of natural gas, but much of it is located in northern Siberia. It also leads the world in nickel production and ranks among the top three producers of aluminum, gemstones, and platinum-group metals. Russia's rivers make it a leading producer of hydroelectric power.

coalfield, Siberia

Russia's physical geography benefits but also challenges its people. The country has an abundance of natural resources, including one-fifth of the world's forests. Much of this wealth, however, lies in remote and climatically unfavorable areas and is difficult to tap or utilize. For example, Russia holds large petroleum deposits and 16 percent of the world's coal reserves; however, the country's biggest ______ lie in remote areas of eastern ____. Russia is also a leading producer of natural gas, but much of it is located in northern Siberia. It also leads the world in nickel production and ranks among the top three producers of aluminum, gemstones, and platinum-group metals. Russia's rivers make it a leading producer of hydroelectric power.

gas, Siberia

Russia's physical geography benefits but also challenges its people. The country has an abundance of natural resources, including one-fifth of the world's forests. Much of this wealth, however, lies in remote and climatically unfavorable areas and is difficult to tap or utilize. For example, Russia holds large petroleum deposits and 16 percent of the world's coal reserves; however, the country's biggest coalfields lie in remote areas of eastern Siberia. Russia is also a leading producer of natural ___, but much of it is located in northern ______. It also leads the world in nickel production and ranks among the top three producers of aluminum, gemstones, and platinum-group metals. Russia's rivers make it a leading producer of hydroelectric power.

nickle, 3

Russia's physical geography benefits but also challenges its people. The country has an abundance of natural resources, including one-fifth of the world's forests. Much of this wealth, however, lies in remote and climatically unfavorable areas and is difficult to tap or utilize. For example, Russia holds large petroleum deposits and 16 percent of the world's coal reserves; however, the country's biggest coalfields lie in remote areas of eastern Siberia. Russia is also a leading producer of natural gas, but much of it is located in northern Siberia. It also leads the world in ______ production and ranks among the top _____ producers of aluminum, gemstones, and platinum-group metals. Russia's rivers make it a leading producer of hydroelectric power.

rivers

Russia's physical geography benefits but also challenges its people. The country has an abundance of natural resources, including one-fifth of the world's forests. Much of this wealth, however, lies in remote and climatically unfavorable areas and is difficult to tap or utilize. For example, Russia holds large petroleum deposits and 16 percent of the world's coal reserves; however, the country's biggest coalfields lie in remote areas of eastern Siberia. Russia is also a leading producer of natural gas, but much of it is located in northern Siberia. It also leads the world in nickel production and ranks among the top three producers of aluminum, gemstones, and platinum-group metals. Russia's ______ make it a leading producer of hydroelectric power.

10

Russian and Ukrainian make up over __ of the Ukrainian pop.

Amazon

Russian forest are shrinking by almost 30 million acres each year at- a rate loss higher that that of the ___.

supertrwlers

SHips called _____ use huge nets to scoop their target fish, but that also catch and throw out millions of unwanted marine animals every year.

ocean air

Since most of Russia lies within the European landmass. This means most of Russia is not impacted by _______. As a result much of the country's interior land has more extreme changes in temperature (continentality).

oil, gas, stop, constitution

Since the beginning of Russian occupation, Chechnya has unsuccessfully sought independence. Several ______ and ___ pipelines vital to the Russian economy run through Chechen territory. In May 2000, Russian president Vladimir Putin established direct rule of Chechnya to try to ___ the rebels. In 2003 a new ______ was passed that gave Chechnya a significant amount of autonomy. The new Chechen government is now struggling to recover from the violence waged by the Chechen rebels and to bring stability and peace to Chechnya.

radioactive

Some nuclear waste can remain ___ for thousands of years

West, U.S., Nuclear war, shaped

The Soviet Union played a pivotal role in the Allied victory over Germany during World War II. Following the war, the Soviet Union occupied much of Eastern Europe. Several countries in the region were controlled as satellites under Communist rule. Following World War II, the Communist Soviet Union was engaged in a political and ideological war with the ____, particularly the ______, in the Cold War. Tensions during this time brought the world to the brink of ______ and _____ modern economic and political policies.

Eastern, Satellites

The Soviet Union played a pivotal role in the Allied victory over Germany during World War II. Following the war, the Soviet Union occupied much of _____ Europe. Several countries in the region were controlled as _____ under Communist rule. Following World War II, the Communist Soviet Union was engaged in a political and ideological war with the West, particularly the United States, in the Cold War. Tensions during this time brought the world to the brink of nuclear war and shaped modern economic and political policies.

Atheism

The Soviet government discouraged religion by promoting what?

C

The Ural Mountains likely attracted human settlement to the region because they are A.close to key trade routes. B.a popular tourist destination. C.rich in iron ore and mineral fuels. D.known for their warm climate.

Caspian

The Volga River and its many tributaries make up the Volga River system. Draining most of western Russia, the Volga travels 2,293 miles (3,690 km), making it the longest river in Europe. It starts in the Valdai Hills west of Moscow and travels across much of southern Russia before emptying into the _______ Sea. The Volga River system is an important commercial, transportation, and hydroelectric resource for millions of Russians.

Valdai Hills

The Volga River and its many tributaries make up the Volga River system. Draining most of western Russia, the Volga travels 2,293 miles (3,690 km), making it the longest river in Europe. It starts in the ____ west of Moscow and travels across much of southern Russia before emptying into the Caspian Sea. The Volga River system is an important commercial, transportation, and hydroelectric resource for millions of Russians.

Sustainable Forestry Pilot

The World Bank's ____ helps RUssia to mange its forest.

boreal

The ___ is the southern part of of the taiga biome

sturgeon

The ___ pop. is in danger due to dams built on the Volga river

Soviet Union

The ______ played a major role in the 20th century events until regions began declaring their independence.

steppe

The _________ is a broad, open grassland with rich soil

communism

The economy of the Russian COre has changed greatly from the days of ________.

global warming, western siberia

The effects of ___ are very evident in ___, where thawing the world's largest peat bogs may lead to a huge release of greenhouse gases.

Cost, inefficient, Mikhail Gorbachev, political, replace, coup

The enormous ____ of the Soviet Union's military and _____ economic policies weakened its role in the world. In 1985 ________, a reform-minded official, became the leader of the Soviet Union. He instituted a policy of economic restructuring called perestroika (pehr•uh•STROY•kuh) and a policy of greater political openness called glasnost (GLAZ•nohst). _____ reform was set in motion. Satellites controlled by the Soviet Union began to ______ their Communist governments in 1989. In 1991 a failed ______ led to the collapse of the Soviet government and regions of the country began declaring their independence. Today there are 15 independent countries, including Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

Russification

What is a government program of 1800s and 1900s Russia and the Soviet Union that required everyone in the empire to speak Russian and to become a Christian; assignment of some Russian-speaking people to non-Russian ethnic groups?

weakened, Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika, glasnost, reform

The enormous costs of the Soviet Union's military and inefficient economic policies _____ its role in the world. In 1985 _______, a reform-minded official, became the leader of the Soviet Union. He instituted a policy of economic restructuring called ______and a policy of greater political openness called ________. Political ___ was set in motion. Satellites controlled by the Soviet Union began to replace their Communist governments in 1989. In 1991 a failed coup led to the collapse of the Soviet government and regions of the country began declaring their independence. Today there are 15 independent countries, including Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

Greenpeace, protection

The environmental group known as ____ organized an independent conference to discuss the ___ of sites in the Russian Core.

petroleum

The extraction and processing of ___ is RUssia's most important industry.

Volga

The longest river in Russia (and Europe) is the ______.

d

The new leader who emerged after Vladimir Lenin died was A.Czar Nicholas II. B.Nikita Khrushchev. C.Mikhail Gorbachev. D.Joseph Stalin.

belarus, Belarusian

The newly independent countries emerged from a long period of both imperial Russian and Soviet domination. ____ is a good example. Although ___ share an ethnic identity and language, they had never enjoyed unity and political sovereignty, except during a brief period in 1918. ____ history is a study of regional conflicts and territorial claims by neighbors to the east and west.

Cold War

The nuclear weapons the SU had during the __ still pose an environmental threat

b

The philosopher Karl Marx believed in the principles of public ownership of all land and A.the Russification of colonized people. B.a classless society with shared wealth. C.Russian as the official language. D.a belief in Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

C

The pipeline from eastern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean is controversial because it will A.bring Russia billions of dollars from countries in the Asia-Pacific region. B.cause job loss to the region's fishermen. C.pass through a protected wilderness area. D.have a negative impact tourism in the region.

discouraged,100, RUssian

The policies of the past have had lasting effects on Russia's culture. The Soviet government severely _____ religious practices and discriminated against different ethnic groups. It actively promoted atheism, or the belief that God or another supreme being does not exist. In the late 1980s, however, the government relaxed its restrictions on religion. Since then, millions of Russians are rediscovering their religious faiths and traditions. Similarly, more than ___ languages are spoken in the country today, but ____ is the official language.

Permafrost

What is a permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground?

A

The rich, black topsoil found in the Northern European Plain is known as A.chernozem. B.the black triangle. C.permafrost. D.continentality.

Humid Continetal, warmer, humid

The southern part of Ukraine lies in a _______ climate zone where ______, _______ air from the Atlantic Ocean makes the climate milder than farther north. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in the warmer summer season, with the maximum precipitation occurring in late June and July.

industry, declining

The status of women in Russian society is a combination of the past and the present. Women have always had a very important role working in industry. During World War II, women not only fought in every branch of the Soviet military but also took jobs in the wartime industrial workforce. That trend continued into the 1970s. In the 1990s, there were increasing financial pressures and shrinking government programs in Russia. This meant more women entered the workforce out of necessity. Full-time employment of women contributed to Russia's _______ birthrate. Higher education, better-paying jobs, and feminist groups and social organizations have resulted in greater rights for women. As a consequence, many women marry later in life, many have careers, and they expect to be treated as equals in a society that has traditionally been dominated by men.

Privatization

What is a change to private ownership of state-owned companies and industries?

satellite

What is a country controlled by another country, notably Eastern European countries controlled by the Soviet Union by the end of World War 2?

live/thrive

The tundra occupies the parts of the subregion that are farthest north and covers about 10 percent of Russia. Here, the sky stays dark for many weeks before and after the winter solstice that occurs around December 22 each year. Then, for several weeks during the summer, there is continuous sunlight. Its short growing season and thin, acidic soil lying just above the permafrost limit the kinds of plants that can grow there. Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs _____ in the tundra.

D

The widespread effects of global warming are becoming visible at a dramatic pace in western Siberia due to A.commercial logging. B.excessive peat bogs. C.a 75 percent decline of forests located in the region. D.Siberia's location in higher northern latitudes.

Fertile

The____ triangle is the most productive agricultural area of western Russia, extending into Ukraine. With its tip at St. Petersburg and its base stretching from Novosibirsk to Odessa, the triangle has rich soils and a favorable climate. Ukraine's crop production is highly developed. It is referred to as a breadbasket because of the grain crops it grows. Yields of grain and potatoes are among the highest in Europe.

Ukraine, abundant

There are considerable resources of iron and other ores in parts of ______. Other resources such as mountain wax, granite, and graphite are among the country's most ______. _______ also produces various salts and has a rich base for metallurgical, porcelain, and chemical industries.

barents, baltic, bering

Through they stored some nuclear waste, the Soviets dumped radioactive materials into the _____ , ____, and ____- Seas

Chernosem

To the west of the Ural Mountains is the Northern European Plain. The southern past of the plain has navigable waterways and rich, black soil called _______ that supports agriculture. As a result, the majority of Russia's population lives here. This vast plain is an extension of the plain that begins in France and stretches across Northwestern Europe. This eastern part of the plian is sometimes called the Russian Plan because as it reaches the Russian COre it broadens and becomes very expansive

Chernozem

What is a rich, black topsoil found in the Northern European Plain, especially in Russia and Ukraine?

Russian Plain

To the west of the Ural Mountains is the Northern European Plain. The southern past of the plain has navigable waterways and rich, black soil called chernosem that supports agriculture. As a result, the majority of Russia's population lives here. This vast plain is an extension of the plain that begins in France and stretches across Northwestern Europe. This eastern part of the plain is sometimes called the _____ because as it reaches the Russian Core it broadens and becomes very expansive.

Northern European Plain

To the west of the Ural Mountains is the ___________. The southern past of the plain has navigable waterways and rich, black soil called chernosem that supports agriculture. As a result, the majority of Russia's population lives here. This vast plain is an extension of the plain that begins in France and stretches across Northwestern Europe. This eastern part of the plian is sometimes called the Russian Plan because as it reaches the Russian COre it broadens and becomes very expansive.

Live

Today, most RUssians ___ west of the Ural Mountains.

black market

What is illegal trade of scarce or illegal goods, usually sold at high prices?

command

Under Communist leaders, the Soviet Union operated as a ---- economy in which the government made key economic decisions. The government owned banks, factories, farms, mines, and transportation systems. The government decided what and how much to produce, where and how to produce it, and who would benefit from the profits. It also controlled the pricing of most goods and decided where they would be sold.

command

Under communist leaders, the soveit union operated as a _________ economy.

Atlantic, western

Warmer air from the A______ Ocean moderates temperatures in _____ Russia. Most of Russia, however, lies well within the Eurasian landmass, far away from any moderating ocean influences. As a result, much of the country's interior has more extreme variations in temperature and little precipitation. This climatic effect within the interior areas of a landmass is called continentality.

SUpertrawlers

What are super fishing vesicles that kill alot of fish while going about their business?

Trans Siberian Railroad

What connects Moscow with far eastern Russia and helps bind russia together?

Ukraine

What country is referred to as the breadbasket because of high grain yields?

Nuclear Waste

What do the Russians have a lot of because of this and the concern is how to properly dispose of it?

Cold War

What event brought the world to the brink of nuclear war?

glasnost

What is a RUssian term for new openness in areas of politics, social issues, and media; part f Gorbachev's reform plans?

fear,Cimea

n November 2013, Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych abandoned an agreement that would strengthen trade ties with the EU and would instead seek closer cooperation with Russia. This announcement led to violent protests as many people felt the trade agreement would bring Ukraine back under Russian influence. These protests continued into 2014. As tensions and violence increased, Yanukovych fled Ukraine and an interim president was named. In the Crimean region of Ukraine, which has a majority Russian population, pro-Russians demonstrated to secede from Ukraine. Then the ____ of many Ukrainians were realized as Russian troops moved into Crimea. They claimed to be protecting those of Russian descent from the interim Ukrainian government. Russian troops took over government buildings and cut off Crimea from the rest of Ukraine. Elected officials were ordered out of office at gunpoint and replaced with pro-Russia politicians. These new leaders announced a referendum to secede, a vote backed by Russian president Vladimir Putin who was unhappy that Ukraine wanted to strengthen ties to Europe. Although many consider it to be illegitimate and unconstitutional, the referendum resulted in ___ becoming part of Russia.

Northern European Plain

Belarus is the smallest of the 3 slavic republics that were once part of the Soviet Union. Belarus is a landlocked country and lies entirely on the _______. Glacier scarring accounts for the flat terrain and some 1,000 lakes found in Belarus. There are also numerous swamps and rivers

steppe

An area between the Black and Caspian Seas north of the Caucasus Mountains and along Russia's border with Kazakhstan make up Russia's ____ climate region. The ______ is a broad, open grassland in which seas of grass stretch to the horizon in every direction. The region's chernozem soil supports the production of wheat, barley, rye, oats, and other crops. Sunflowers, mint, and beans also flourish here.

Chernozem

An area between the Black and Caspian Seas north of the Caucasus Mountains and along Russia's border with Kazakhstan make up Russia's steppe climate region. The steppe is a broad, open grassland in which seas of grass stretch to the horizon in every direction. The region's __________ soil supports the production of wheat, barley, rye, oats, and other crops. Sunflowers, mint, and beans also flourish here.

black, Caspian, north, kazakhstan

An area between the ____ and _____ Seas ____ of the Caucasus Mountains and along Russia's border with _______ make up Russia's steppe climate region. The steppe is a broad, open grassland in which seas of grass stretch to the horizon in every direction. The region's chernozem soil supports the production of wheat, barley, rye, oats, and other crops. Sunflowers, mint, and beans also flourish here.

cold, snowy

Because all of Russia is located in the same high Latitude, the entire region experiences weather characterized by _______ and __________ winters.

Humid Continental

Belarus has a _______ climate moderated by maritime influences from the Atlantic Ocean. Average January temperatures range from the mid-20°s F (about −4°C) in the southwest to about 17°-19° F (about −8°C) in the northeast, but thaw days are frequent. Corresponding to these temperature differences, the frostfree period decreases from more than 170 days in the southwest to 130 days in the northeast. Maximum temperatures in July are generally in the mid-60°s F (about 18°C). Rainfall is moderate, although higher than over most of the vast Russian Plain.

Rainfall

Belarus has a humid continental climate moderated by maritime influences from the Atlantic Ocean. Average January temperatures range from the mid-20°s F (about −4°C) in the southwest to about 17°-19° F (about −8°C) in the northeast, but thaw days are frequent. Corresponding to these temperature differences, the frostfree period decreases from more than 170 days in the southwest to 130 days in the northeast. Maximum temperatures in July are generally in the mid-60°s F (about 18°C). _________ is moderate, although higher than over most of the vast Russian Plain.

lakes

Belarus is the smallest of the 3 slavic republics that were once part of the Soviet Union. Belarus is a landlocked country and lies entirely on the Northern European Plain. Glacier scarring accounts for the flat terrain and some 1,000 __ found in Belarus. There are also numerous swamps and rivers

Glacier scarring

Belarus is the smallest of the 3 slavic republics that were once part of the Soviet Union. Belarus is a landlocked country and lies entirely on the Northern European Plain. _______ accounts for the flat terrain and some 1,000 lakes found in Belarus. There are also numerous swamps and rivers

West Siberian Plain

East of the Ural Mountains and extending to the Pacific Ocean are the vast stretches of plains and plateaus that make up Siberia. The ______ covers about 1/3 of Siberia and is one of the largest low-lying flatlands in the world. It is known for harsh continental climate and some of the world's largest swaps and wetlands.

Siberia

East of the Ural Mountains and extending to the Pacific Ocean are the vast stretches of plains and plateaus that make up _____. The West Siberian Plain covers about 1/3 of ______ and is one of the largest low-lying flatlands in the world. It is known for harsh continental climate and some of the world's largest swaps and wetlands.

limans

In Ukraine, the Dnieper River is the longest in the country, stretching 609 miles (908 km) beginning in the northwestern plains and traversing southeast to drain into the Black Sea. Other major waterways in Ukraine include the Southern Bug, Dniester, and even a small portion of the Danube River. Like the Volga in Russia, the Dnieper provides hydroelectric power and transportation as well as enabling commerce. But the most important function of these rivers collectively is to supply water to Ukrainians. This is done through an intricately constructed series of canals. There are few freshwater lakes across Ukraine. Small saltwater lakes can be found in the Black Sea Lowland and Crimea, while _____, or large saline lakes, are found along the coast. In recent years Ukraine has created some artificial lakes and reservoirs.

Unusual

One of the most renowned Siberian lakes is Lake Baikal. Located in southeast Russia, Lake Baikal is the oldest lake in the world (25 million years). It is also the deepest at 5,715 feet (1,742 m). It holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on the planet. Known as the "Galapagos of Russia" because of its age and isolation, Lake Baikal has many _______ freshwater marine species, which are of exceptional value to scientists who study how species evolve.

"Galapagos of Russia"

One of the most renowned Siberian lakes is Lake Baikal. Located in southeast Russia, Lake Baikal is the oldest lake in the world (25 million years). It is also the deepest at 5,715 feet (1,742 m). It holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on the planet. Known as the "_________" because of its age and isolation, Lake Baikal has many unusual freshwater marine species, which are of exceptional value to scientists who study how species evolve.

baikal

One of the most renowned Siberian lakes is Lake _____. Located in southeast Russia, Lake ____ is the oldest lake in the world (25 million years). It is also the deepest at 5,715 feet (1,742 m). It holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on the planet. Known as the "Galapagos of Russia" because of its age and isolation, Lake _____ has many unusual freshwater marine species, which are of exceptional value to scientists who study how species evolve.

Siberian

One of the most renowned _____ lakes is Lake Baikal. Located in southeast Russia, Lake Baikal is the oldest lake in the world (25 million years). It is also the deepest at 5,715 feet (1,742 m). It holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on the planet. Known as the "Galapagos of Russia" because of its age and isolation, Lake Baikal has many unusual freshwater marine species, which are of exceptional value to scientists who study how species evolve.

milder , warmer

Russia's midlatitude climates, Humid continental climate, found in the western region, are not as severe and have ____ winters and ____ summers. Although still relatively cold, these climates are where most Russians live and where much of Russia's agricultural production takes place. The natural biome here is deciduous forest, although much of it has been cleared for agriculture and construction.

live, agricultural

Russia's midlatitude climates, Humid continental climate, found in the western region, are not as severe and have milder winters and warmer summers. Although still relatively cold, these climates are where most Russians _____ and where much of Russia's _________ production takes place. The natural biome here is deciduous forest, although much of it has been cleared for agriculture and construction.

deciduous

Russia's midlatitude climates, Humid continental climate, found in the western region, are not as severe and have milder winters and warmer summers. Although still relatively cold, these climates are where most Russians live and where much of Russia's agricultural production takes place. The natural biome here is __________ forest, although much of it has been cleared for agriculture and construction.

Humid contiental

Russia's midlatitude climates, _________ climate, found in the western region, are not as severe and have milder winters and warmer summers. Although still relatively cold, these climates are where most Russians live and where much of Russia's agricultural production takes place. The natural biome here is deciduous forest, although much of it has been cleared for agriculture and construction.

Subaractic

South of the tundra lies the ____ climate zone. While not as severe as the tundra climate, this zone only has four months of the year when the temperature rises above 50°F (10°C). The rest of the year is cold. The biome here is boreal forest, or taiga, which consists of broad expanses of coniferous evergreen trees.

4

South of the tundra lies the subarctic climate zone. While not as severe as the tundra climate, this zone only has _ months of the year when the temperature rises above 50°F (10°C). The rest of the year is cold. The biome here is boreal forest, or taiga, which consists of broad expanses of coniferous evergreen trees.

Boreal, taiga, coniferous

South of the tundra lies the subarctic climate zone. While not as severe as the tundra climate, this zone only has four months of the year when the temperature rises above 50°F (10°C). The rest of the year is cold. The biome here is _____ forest, or ___, which consists of broad expanses of ______ evergreen trees.

T

T/F Belarus is a landlocked country.

T

T/F Large coal fields are found in remote areas of Siberia

T

T/F Limans are saline lakes along the coast of Ukraine.

F

T/F Much of Russia's interior has heavy rainfall

F

T/F The Ural Mountains separate Russia and China

F

T/F The Volga RIver connects Moscow to the Pacific Ocean.

F

T/F Tundra covers nearly 60 percent of Russia.

1/5

The Baikal lake hold how much of all unfrozen freshwater found on the planet?

D

The Caucasus Mountains form a natural barrier between Russia and A.the Siberian region. B.countries to the west. C.the northern region. D.countries to the south.

western

The Volga River and its many tributaries make up the Volga River system. Draining most of______ Russia, the Volga travels 2,293 miles (3,690 km), making it the longest river in Europe. It starts in the Valdai Hills west of Moscow and travels across much of southern Russia before emptying into the Caspian Sea. The Volga River system is an important commercial, transportation, and hydroelectric resource for millions of Russians.

Volga River system

The Volga River and its many tributaries make up the ______. Draining most of western Russia, the Volga travels 2,293 miles (3,690 km), making it the longest river in Europe. It starts in the Valdai Hills west of Moscow and travels across much of southern Russia before emptying into the Caspian Sea. The __________ is an important commercial, transportation, and hydroelectric resource for millions of Russians.

B

The West Siberian Plain is known for its A.rich farmland for agriculture and livestock. B.harsh climate and large swamps. C.flat terrain and many lakes. D.glacial scarring.

Volga, commercial, transportation, hydroelectric

The ______ River system is an important ______, _______, and ________ resource for millions of people.

Dnieper, Ukraine

The _______ River in __________ is the longest river in that country.

Ural, European, Siberian

The _________ Mountains form a natural north-south barrier between ______ Russia and _________ Russia.

Caucasus

The _________ mountains run east to west along the southwestern portion of the country, forming a natural barrier between Russia and countries to the south.

West Siberian Plain

The __________ is a huge, Low-lying flatland that has a harsh continental climate.

precipitation

The southern part of Ukraine lies in a humid continental climate zone where warmer, humid air from the Atlantic Ocean makes the climate milder than farther north. The greatest amount of _______ falls in the warmer summer season, with the maximum precipitation occurring in late June and July.

Chernozem

The southern part of the Northern European plain has waterways and rich soil called ________.

north, 10

The tundra occupies the parts of the subregion that are farthest ____ and covers about _ percent of Russia. Here, the sky stays dark for many weeks before and after the winter solstice that occurs around December 22 each year. Then, for several weeks during the summer, there is continuous sunlight. Its short growing season and thin, acidic soil lying just above the permafrost limit the kinds of plants that can grow there. Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs thrive in the tundra.

dark

The tundra occupies the parts of the subregion that are farthest north and covers about 10 percent of Russia. Here, the sky stays _____ for many weeks before and after the winter solstice that occurs around December 22 each year. Then, for several weeks during the summer, there is continuous sunlight. Its short growing season and thin, acidic soil lying just above the permafrost limit the kinds of plants that can grow there. Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs thrive in the tundra.

sunlight

The tundra occupies the parts of the subregion that are farthest north and covers about 10 percent of Russia. Here, the sky stays dark for many weeks before and after the winter solstice that occurs around December 22 each year. Then, for several weeks during the summer, there is continuous ____. Its short growing season and thin, acidic soil lying just above the permafrost limit the kinds of plants that can grow there. Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs thrive in the tundra.

short, soil

The tundra occupies the parts of the subregion that are farthest north and covers about 10 percent of Russia. Here, the sky stays dark for many weeks before and after the winter solstice that occurs around December 22 each year. Then, for several weeks during the summer, there is continuous sunlight. Its ____ growing season and thin, acidic ___ lying just above the permafrost limit the kinds of plants that can grow there. Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs thrive in the tundra.

permafrost

The tundra occupies the parts of the subregion that are farthest north and covers about 10 percent of Russia. Here, the sky stays dark for many weeks before and after the winter solstice that occurs around December 22 each year. Then, for several weeks during the summer, there is continuous sunlight. Its short growing season and thin, acidic soil lying just above the ______ limit the kinds of plants that can grow there. Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs thrive in the tundra.

agriculture

To the west of the Ural Mountains is the Northern European Plain. The southern past of the plain has navigable waterways and rich, black soil called chernosem that supports _______. As a result, the majority of Russia's population lives here. This vast plain is an extension of the plain that begins in France and stretches across Northwestern Europe. This eastern part of the plian is sometimes called the Russian Plan because as it reaches the Russian COre it broadens and becomes very expansive

population

To the west of the Ural Mountains is the Northern European Plain. The southern past of the plain has navigable waterways and rich, black soil called chernosem that supports agriculture. As a result, the majority of Russia's ________ lives here. This vast plain is an extension of the plain that begins in France and stretches across Northwestern Europe. This eastern part of the plian is sometimes called the Russian Plan because as it reaches the Russian COre it broadens and becomes very expansive

plains, plateaus

Ukraine is the second-largest country in Europe, occupying the southwest portion of the Russian Plain. Its 2 main landforms are vast _____ and ____-, with mountains found only in small areas in the west and south, accounting for less than 5 percent of the country's landmass. In the south the Isthmus of Perekop connects the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland.

mountains

Ukraine is the second-largest country in Europe, occupying the southwest portion of the Russian Plain. Its 2 main landforms are vast plains and plateaus, with _______ found only in small areas in the west and south, accounting for less than 5 percent of the country's landmass. In the south the Isthmus of Perekop connects the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland.

Crimena

Ukraine is the second-largest country in Europe, occupying the southwest portion of the Russian Plain. Its 2 main landforms are vast plains and plateaus, with mountains found only in small areas in the west and south, accounting for less than 5 percent of the country's landmass. In the south the Isthmus of Perekop connects the _____ Peninsula to the mainland.

Perekop

Ukraine is the second-largest country in Europe, occupying the southwest portion of the Russian Plain. Its 2 main landforms are vast plains and plateaus, with mountains found only in small areas in the west and south, accounting for less than 5 percent of the country's landmass. In the south the Isthmus of _______ connects the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland.

southwest

Ukriane is the second-largest country in Europe, occupying the ________ portion of the Russian Plain. Its 2 main landforms are vast plains and plateaus, with mountains found only in small areas in the west and south, accounting for less than 5 percent of the country's landmass. In the south the Isthmus of Perekop connects the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland.

interior, temperature, precipitaion

Warmer air from the Atlantic Ocean moderates temperatures in western Russia. Most of Russia, however, lies well within the Eurasian landmass, far away from any moderating ocean influences. As a result, much of the country's ______ has more extreme variations in ________ and little _____. This climatic effect within the interior areas of a landmass is called continentality.

continentality

Warmer air from the Atlantic Ocean moderates temperatures in western Russia. Most of Russia, however, lies well within the Eurasian landmass, far away from any moderating ocean influences. As a result, much of the country's interior has more extreme variations in temperature and little precipitation. This climatic effect within the interior areas of a landmass is called ______.

Eurasian, ocean

Warmer air from the Atlantic Ocean moderates temperatures in western Russia. Most of Russia, however, lies well within the ______ landmass, far away from any moderating ______ influences. As a result, much of the country's interior has more extreme variations in temperature and little precipitation. This climatic effect within the interior areas of a landmass is called continentality.

Siberia, swamps, floodlands

Waterways are also a prominent feature of ________. Rivers such as the Ob', Irtysh, Yenisey, and Lena begin in the south of Siberia and flow northward, emptying into the Arctic Ocean. Ice in the Arctic Ocean blocks the rivers from reaching the ocean for much of the year. This is problematic in the springtime when the ice blockage prevents the surging rivers from reaching the ocean. Instead, the water floods out across the low-lying plains, causing extensive areas of ________ and ____-.

Tundra

What climate is found farthest north and makes up about 10% of Russia?

B

What forms a natural barrier between European Russia and Siberian Russia? A.the Caucasus Mountains B.the Ural Mountains C.the Caspian Sea D.the Northern European Plain

C

Which of the following uses of the Dnieper River is most important to the surrounding region? A.enabling commerce B.providing transportation C.supplying water to Ukrainians D.providing hydroelectric power

Ukraine

______ is the second-largest country in Europe, occupying the southwest portion of the Russian Plain. Its 2 main landforms are vast plains and plateaus, with mountains found only in small areas in the west and south, accounting for less than 5 percent of the country's landmass. In the south the Isthmus of Perekop connects the Crimean Peninsula to the mainland.

Belarus

______ is the smallest of the 3 slavic republics that were once part of the Soviet Union. ________ is a landlocked country and lies entirely on the Northern European Plain. Glacier scarring accounts for the flat terrain and some 1,000 lakes found in _____. There are also numerous swamps and rivers