Chapter 14

What group came to power as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917?

Communists

Which of the following events was triggered by the hardships of World War I? A.Non-Russian peoples faced prejudice. B.Czar Alexander III expanded Russia into Siberia. C.Czar Nicholas II and his family were murdered. D.The Trans-Siberian Railroad led to settlement of eastern Russia.

Czar Nicholas II and his family were murdered.

What makes the geography of Russia difficult for them to develop economically?

They have little to access to significant oceans which lessons their naval power. Only have access to "choke points"

Belarusians are an ethnic group that share a language and formed an independent country after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

T

T or F: In the 1980's, Mikhail Girbachev instituted a policy of economic restructuring in the Soviet Union called perestroika.

T

How do economic development and environmental protection cause conflict in the Russian Core?

There are several different projects going on to try to help the economy that are damaging the environment in the process. This is what is causing conflict. Projects such as trying to run a pipeline through Siberian Russia, drilling into the Arctic Sea, and trying to catch a lot of fish using super trawlers.

What is the primary reason some environmental groups are opposed to the use of supertrawlers?

They cause the unnecessary deaths of millions of marine animals

Which of the following practices was NOT discouraged by the Soviet government? A.learning local languages B.artistic expression C.religious practices D.atheism

atheism

Why does the interior of Russia have more extreme variations in temperature and less precipitation than western Russia?

it lacks the moderating effects of a major body of water

the vast streches of plains and plateaus of eastern russia that extend to the pacific ocean make up much of ____________

siberian russia

How has the economy of the Russian Core changed since 1991?

After the fall of the Soviet Union there was a rocky transition from command to market economy. Natural resources are the main exports. A key trading partner is the Ukraine but they are considering joining the EU. Belarus is allied to Russia and is industrial.

Which of the following is NOT a result of ongoing protests from concerned citizens and environmental organizations about pollution to Lake Baikal? A.The most serious polluters have been closed. B.Some serious polluters are working to reduce pollution. C.All oil drilling operations have been halted. D.Pollution levels in the lake have dropped.

All oil drilling operations have been halted.

the still-pristine area that holds vast reserves of oil and natural gas

Arctic Circle

the world's oldest and deepest lake, which was polluted by industrial waste

Baikal

Which of the following landlocked countries lies entirely on the Northern European Plain? A.Belarus B.Ukraine C.Perekop D.Siberia

Belarus

Explain the significance of permafrost and continentality.

Both affect the climate. Permafrost is a permanently frozen layer of soil. In tundra; it limits vegetation. Continentality is a climate effect of being in the interior; Leads to a variation and precipitation and temperatures.

Think about the locations of Russia's seas. Write a paragraph describing how the locations of these seas affect Russia's economy.

Caspian Sea reaches Volga River, Black Sea reaches Dniper River allows trade all throughout region.

the site of a nuclear disaster

Chernobyl

T or F About 80% of all Russians live east of the Ural Mountains

F

T or F: During World War II, the Soviet Union was engaged in political and ideological war with the West, particularly the United States, which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.

F

T or F: Vladimir Lenin was the founder of modern communism.

F

What factors have shaped population patterns in the Russian Core?

Factors that make 80% of the population live west of the Ural mountains is rich soul, waterways, and a mild climate. When the Soviet Union fell people migrated into cities such as Moscow. The region has a population decline, birthrates are falling which creates a smaller older population.

What are the general climate conditions in much of the Russian Core?

Has cold snowy winters, big variation in temperature, and variation in length of seasons due to large range of latitude.

Why might Ukraine want to break away from Russia economically?

In the past, Russia has dominated other ethnic groups, and Ukraine may worry that Russia will again use its greater strength of numbers to dominate.

Which of the following terms does NOT describe the tundra? A.It covers about 10 percent of Russia. B.It has broad expanses of coniferous evergreen trees. C.It has several weeks of continuous sunlight in the summer. D.Only mosses, lichens, algae, and dwarf shrubs thrive there.

It has broad expanses of coniferous evergreen trees.

What generalization can you draw from looking at all three pie charts about the Russian ethnic group?

It is the largest group in the Russian Core...makes up the largest ethnic percentage after the main ethnic group in both the Belarus and Ukraine charts.

What does Ukraine provide to Russia?

It provides access to a major seaport on the Black Sea.

How was St. Petersburg important to the expansion of the Russian Empire?

It was a major port city on the Baltic Sea, St. Petersburg allowed Russia to advance But just as important it served as a point from which Russia could observe "the West."

The new leader who emerged after Vladimir Lenin died was A.Czar Nicholas II. B.Nikita Khrushchev. C.Mikhail Gorbachev. D.Joseph Stalin.

Joseph Stalin.

the eastern region where environmentalists and fishers have worked to prevent damage from mining

Kamchatka

Why do most Russians live west of the Ural Mountains?

Lots of incentives to live west of the Ural Mountains. Rich soil Many waterways Mild climate

Who instituted perestroika and the plan for reforming the Soviet economy and government? A.Boris Yeltsin B.Mikhail Gorbachev C.Nikita Khrushchev D.Joseph Stalin

Mikhail Gorbachev

What happened after the 1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union?

Nuclear safety standards were improved and dangerous plants were shut down

Explain the difference between nuclear waste and radioactive material.

Nuclear waste are not as harmful as radioactive material. Nuclear waste is the by-products of producing nuclear weapons while radioactive material is materials contaminated from nuclear weapons.

What natural resource has allowed Russia to maintain a strong influence?

Oil and natural gas

What economic transition has Russia been making since the mid-1980s?

Russia is transitioning from a command economy to a market economy.

the area experiencing the effects of climate change, which has produced more shallow lakes

Siberia

The widespread effects of global warming are becoming visible at a dramatic pace in western Siberia due to A.commercial logging. B.excessive peat bogs. C.a 75 percent decline of forests located in the region. D.Siberia's location in higher northern latitudes.

Siberia's location in higher northern latitudes.

How have past policies affected the Russian Core today?

Soviet government promoted atheism and discriminated ethnic groups. In the late 1980s government loosed laws let people rediscover art and religion Russian women working in industyr leads to lower birthrate

Why did the Soviet Era leave a legacy of environmental pollution?

Soviet leaders' priority was to industrialize and they disregarded the damage it was causing

What impact did Soviet-era ideas and actions have on the environment of the Russian Core?

The Soviet Unions use of nuclear weapons still poses risks to natural resources and human health. These have damaged water, air, soil, and forests.

Use your chart to list and describe the locations of the major landforms of the Russian Core.

The Ural mountains separate European Russia and Siberian Russia (run N-S). The Caucasus Mountains separate Russia from other southern countries (run E-W). The Northern European Plain is west of the Ural Mountains with good waterways and agriculture (vast plain). East of the Ural Mountains is The Siberian Plain has permafrost and vast plain.

What role do rivers of the Russian Core play in the economic activities of the region?

The Volga River is the most important River system in Russia. It is important for commercial, transportation, and hydroelectric power. The Dnieper River does the same as Volga but most importantly provides water to the people.

What contributed to a resurgence of the arts in the 1980s?

The government loosened their control over what can be published Many writers and artists smuggled their works into other countries to be published After 1991 works that had been published in other countries were available to Russians

Use your chart to describe the major threats to the forests of the Russian Core.

The industry is created air pollution. If global warming gets too bad scientists predict it will melt the worlds largest peat bog that would release millions of tons of methane into the air.

How do interconnected mountain ranges and plains shape human activities in the Russian Core?

The mountain ranges split up the two parts of Russia. They also separate southern Russia from other countries. The mountains are a popular tourist destination. The plains are where most of the people live due to the good agriculture.

What do these graphs represent about the formation of the countries of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine?

The pie charts illustrate just how dominant each ethnic group—Belarusian, Russian, or Ukrainian—is in each individual country.

What makes Russia so difficult to conquer?

The size of Russia

What forms a natural barrier between European Russia and Siberian Russia? A.the Caucasus Mountains B.the Ural Mountains C.the Caspian Sea D.the Northern European Plain

The ural mountains

What was the roll of buffer states?

To protect Moscow from an invasion of Europe

In Ukraine, which ethnic group forms the majority of the population?

Ukrainians

How have the Russian Core's historical roots and modern ideas influenced the history and government of the region?

Unrest during World War 1 triggered the Russian Revolution of 1917, the end of Europe's last monarchy. The communist USSR emerged in a political war and ideological war with the Rest. The collapse of the Soviet Union let to 15 independent countries in the region.

The ______ form a natural barrier between European Russia and Siberian Russia

Ural Mountains

Why did Russia annex Crimea?

Was a way to keep the warm water port of Sevastopol

The philosopher Karl Marx believed in the principles of public ownership of all land and A.the Russification of colonized people. B.a classless society with shared wealth. C.Russian as the official language. D.a belief in Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

a classless society with shared wealth.

Which of the following events was NOT a cause of the Russian Revolution? A.adoption of Marxism B.Czar Alexander II's limited reforms C.poor working conditions in cities D.government policy known as "Russification"

adoption of Marxism

What Russian lake holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on Earth?

baikal

at 25 million years old and 5715 feet deep siberias lake _________ is the worlds oldest and deepest

baikal

What type of biome is found in Russia's subarctic?

boreal forest

How might Ukraine break free from dependence on Russia?

by gaining admission to the EU

the ______ form a natural barrier between russia and countries to the south

caucasus

The rich, black topsoil found in the Northern European Plain is known as A.chernozem. B.the black triangle. C.permafrost. D.continentality.

chernozem

the southern part of the northern european plain has waterways and rich soil called ____________

chernozem

because all of russia is located in the same high latitude the entire region experiences weather characterized by _________ and ________ winters

cold snowy

During the Soviet era, the Soviet Union operated as a _______________ in which the government made key economic decisions.

command economy

Which of the following climate types can be found in Belarus? A.subarctic climate covered by boreal forest B.humid subtropical climate with high precipitation C.cool continental climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean D.steppe climate with vast grassland and chernozem

cool continental climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean

The Caucasus Mountains form a natural barrier between Russia and A.the Siberian region. B.countries to the west. C.the northern region. D.countries to the south.

countries to the south

The sturgeon population has declined because of A.overfishing. B.dams built on the Volga River. C.increased government regulation. D.environmental policies.

dams built on the Volga River.

Full-time employment of women in the 1990s contributed to Russia's A.declining birthrate. B.elderly population. C.shrinking workforce. D.decreased rights for women.

declining birthrate

the ____________ river in _____________ is the longest river in the country

dniper river ukraine

During the reign of Peter the Great, Russia:

enlarged its territory and developed trade with Western Europe.

What is the Russian term for new openness in areas of politics, social issues, and media? A.glasnost B.perestroika C.Marxism D.privatization

glasnost

The West Siberian Plain is known for its A.rich farmland for agriculture and livestock. B.harsh climate and large swamps. C.flat terrain and many lakes. D.glacial scarring.

harsh climate and large swamps.

most russians live in milder ___________ climates of thw westrn region where much of the country's ___________ takes place

midlatitudes agricultural production

Russia's highest point____________, is located in the ___________ Mountains.

mt. elbrus caucasus

much of russias abudant ______ are in places that are remote and climatically difficult to reach

natural resources

Belarus is a landlocked country that lies entirely in the area known as the ____

northern european plain

Materials contaminated by residue from the generation of nuclear energy and weapons is called A.manufacturing. B.nuclear waste. C.regulation. D.pesticide.

nuclear waste.

What is the term for the by-products of producing nuclear power and weapons?

nuclear wastes

The pipeline from eastern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean is controversial because it will A.bring Russia billions of dollars from countries in the Asia-Pacific region. B.cause job loss to the region's fishermen. C.pass through a protected wilderness area. D.have a negative impact tourism in the region.

pass through a protected wilderness area.

Overuse of fertilizers and ________ has polluted farmland and water in much of Russia.

pesticides

Which of the following terms refers to chemicals used to kill crop-damaging insects and rodents? A.fertilizers B.pesticides C.emissions D.nuclear waste

pesticides

Russia's most important industry is A.commercial fishing. B.nuclear technologies. C.weaponry manufacturing. D.petroleum extraction and processing.

petroleum extraction and processing.

Russia's economy continued to change after Boris Yeltsin removed governmental price controls and encourage A.perestroika. B.lower wages. C.privatization. D.glasnost.

privatization

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster? A.radiation poisoning B.respiratory diseases and cancer C.quick public notification D.people displaced from their homes

quick public notification

The Ural Mountains likely attracted human settlement to the region because they are A.close to key trade routes. B.a popular tourist destination. C.rich in iron ore and mineral fuels. D.known for their warm climate.

rich in iron ore and mineral fuels.

beginning in 1989, many countries in eastern europe that had been ___________________ of the soviet union began to replace their communist governments

satellites

the _____ is a broad open grassland with rich soil

steppe

Which of the following uses of the Dnieper River is most important to the surrounding region? A.enabling commerce B.providing transportation C.supplying water to Ukrainians D.providing hydroelectric power

supplying water to Ukrainians

Which of the following gave the Soviet Union control of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and eastern Poland? A.the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics B.Russification C.the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact D.Marxism

the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

Which of the following rivers is the longest in Europe? A.the Neman River B.the Berezina River C.the Dnieper River D.the Volga River

the Volga River

After protests over the construction of a paper-pulp factory along Lake Baikal's shores, A.environmental policies were implemented. B.the factory was built anyway. C.the factory was planned for a different location. D.plans for the factory were halted.

the factory was built anyway.

What type of climate is found along Russia's northern border?

tundra

Supertrawlers are controversial mainly because they cause A.unnecessary death to marine animals. B.loss of fishermen's jobs. C.air pollution. D.water pollution.

unnecessary death to marine animals.

Russia has two main mountain ranges, the ______ Mountains and the _______ mountains

ural caucasus

the ______ mountains form a natural north-south barrier between ______ Russia and ________ russia

ural european siberian

the ________ river extends 2293 miles making it the longest in europe

volga

the ________ river system is an important ___________, ____________, and ___________ resource for millions of people

volga commercial transportation hydroelectric

the ___________ is a huge low lying flatland that has a harsh continental climate

west Siberian plain

Farmers use Russia's areas of rich chernozem soil to grow

wheat barley rye oats