Chapter 15
The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.
Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model?
It includes new diagnoses such as binge eating disorder and gambling addiction.
Which of the following statements is true of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?
Schizophrenia
_____ is a severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes; individuals suffering from this disorder may be referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality.
Algophobia
_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of pain
Dissociative disorders
_____ refer to psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the separation of an individual's conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts.
Lactate
a brain chemical that plays a role in brain metabolism, is elevated in individuals with panic disorder.
psychological
A behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. According, severe physical abuse in childhood can serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. She is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of condition conforms to the _____ approach to psychological disorders.
they refer to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders
A professor is explaining autism spectrum disorders to his students. He is most likely to state that
Flat affect
A severe reduction in emotional expressiveness
is likely to have problems in regulating the sympathetic nervous system
An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
Brad has been in a state of incessant worry for almost half a year now. He has trouble sleeping and breathing. Dr. Simons, a psychiatrist, asks Brad detailed questions about his symptoms and medical history. Brad tells Dr. Simons that he cannot stop worrying and is constantly nervous. Brad also complains of muscular tension and stomach problems. Which of the following disorders is Dr. Simons most likely to diagnose Brad with?
major depressive disorder
Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with
panic disorder.
Dr. Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden, which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with
trichotillomania
Each time Harry feels anxious, he compulsively pulls hair from his scalp or eyebrows. This compulsive urge to pull his hair has made him partially bald. Harry is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following OCD-related disorders?
sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli
Hallucinations are
compulsions
In cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), _____ frequently accompany obsessions and appear to serve the function of reducing the anxiety created by disturbing thoughts.
post-traumatic stress disorder
In movies that focus on war, soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these soldiers experience problems related to loss of memory and an inability to experience happiness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that these movie characters are most likely experiencing the symptoms of
sleep very little, feel energetic, feel euphoric
In the context of bipolar disorder, a person experiencing a manic episode may
family relationships
In the context of psychological disorders, a sociocultural researcher is most likely to stress the role of
a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala.
Individuals with dissociative disorders have
schizophrenia
Janet, a professor, is discussing the case of Roy, a patient with a psychological disorder, with her students. Janet says that Roy often feels he is being followed by international spies who are plotting to kidnap him. She also states that Roy makes little sense when he talks and displays unusual body movements. In this scenario, Janet is most likely discussing the case of Roy to explain
anxiety disorder
Nate is always on edge and often experiences dizziness, a racing heart, and jumpiness. Over the years, these symptoms have worsened. In this case, Nate is most likely to be diagnosed with
aerophobia
Nina has an irrational fear of flying. She avoids flying at any cost. She cancels any traveling plans if she cannot take a train to the destination or reach the destination by road. In this case, Nina is most likely to be diagnosed with
referential thinking
What kind of thinking involves ascribing personal meaning to completely random events?
deficient levels of the neurotransmitter GABA
Which of the following biological factors plays a role in the development of generalized anxiety disorder?
anorexia nervosa
Which of the following culture-related disorders is most likely common among individuals residing in the United States?
behavior that is deviant
Which of the following is a criteria that is used to distinguish normal from abnormal behavior?
It involves the terrifying belief that one's genitalia are retracting into one's abdomen
Which of the following is true of koro, a culture-related disorder?
Many explanations of specific phobias view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations.
Which of the following statements is true of specific phobia?