Chapter 15 & 16 Review

What did it declare Henry as

" The only supreme head on earth of the [new] Church of England"

Angliganism

- King Henry VII -Denied divorce - made a church: England -6 wives to get a boy

Christine de Pizan

- She is known for her works written in defense of women ---Wrote the Book of the City of Ladies whcih argues for women to have same education as men

Luteranism

-2 Sacraments -Bible > Sole authority of Church

Raphael

-He was admired for his numerous madonnas -His School of Athens

Calvinism

-John Calvin -predestination -agreed with Luther on salvation

How did the ideas of the Renaissance influence art and education?

-They wanted to create well-rounded individuals -They wanted people to get educated in school by offering liberal studies Since they were smart: printing press: read they started to print everyday life

Machiavelli

-believed in no morality -the ends justify the means -renaissance man

What allowed Renaissance artists to achieve the realistic portrayal of the individual?

-emphasis on the technical side of painting -study of movement and human anatomy

Result of Reformation

1 church to many new uni reading less pope power

How and when did the end to religious warfare in Germany come, and what did this mean for christianity?

1555 He was forced to seek religious peace

What factors contributed to foster a religious reformation in Europe?

Christians humanisms goal to reform the catholic church Martin Luther criticized the church the rise of lutheranism political struggles against charles V

In the year 1545 the pope called the _______ __ _____

Council of Trent

Who is the author of Divine Comedy?

Dante Alighieri

Who was the best-known Christian human humanist, and what did he believe?

Desiderius Erasmus he believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis

What was the purpose of marriage?

For security- financial and safety

Who is known as the father of Italian Renaissance humanism?

Francesco Petrarch

Who offered opposition to the rule of Charles V?

Francis I King of France and invasions from the Ottoman empire Princes of Germany

Origin of Protestant reforation

Germant

The study of classics included the literature of where?

Greek and Rome

What did Machiavelli think about the connection between politics and moral?

He believed they were unrelated

The Jesuits

Ignatius de Loyola faith + good works = salvation council of trent 7 no indulgences

Who made the movable type?

Johann Gutenberg

Who emphasized the idea of predestination?

John Calvin

Who was of the first to use the technique of oil paintings?

John Van Eyck

Diet of Worms

Luther's trial Excommunication

What was the first Protestant faith

Lutheranism

Why was Luther made an outlaw within the holy Roman Empire

Martin called him out and made people realize it

Michelangelo Buonarroti,

Michelangelo's figures on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome depict an ideal type of human being with perfect proportions.

Who wrote the Prince?

Niccolo Machiavelli

Which artists during the Renaissance captured the perfection of nature and of the individual in their art?

Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo

Two new religious orders included: and what vows did they make

Society of Jesuits and Carmelite poverty

What was expected of the nobility in Renaissance society?

The nobility had to be a well developed person, be a warrior, and have a good education.

How did these states rise to power, and what kind of power did they have?

The states prospered from trade. They were decentralized- no central authority

Describe the lives of the urban upper class in Renaissance society?

The upper class were rich mainly by being merchants and lived in wealthy communities

Who introduced Protestant reforms and in what city

Ulrich Zwingli Zurich

What were the major territorial states?

Venice, Mulan, Florence, Kingdom and Naples, and papal states

circumstance

a determining condition; state of affairs

republic

a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote

community

a group of people with common interests and characteristics living together within a larger society

burghers

a member of the middle class who lived in a city or town

Christian Humanism

a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church

indulgence

a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death

Why did Christian humanists call for reform in the church?

a series of Italian popes cared more about politics than religion. Church officials used their church offices to advance their careers and wealth. Priests were ignorant and no help

mercenaries

a soldier who fights primarily for pay

humanism

an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history

perspective

artistic techniques used to give the effect of three-dimensional depth to two-dimensional surfaces; viewpoint

fundemental

basic or essential

core

basic or essential part

predestination

belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate)

Desiderius Erasmus

believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs that might help them be saved.

Where and when did Martin Luther issue his 95 Theses?

by posting it on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31st 1517

Humanism, and important intellectual movement of the Renaissance, was based on the study of the _________

classics

Francesco Petrarch

credited with starting the Reanissance

annul

declare invalid

ghetto

formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live

What did Queen Mary I do and why

had almost 300 Protestants burned as heretics in an effort to restore Roman Catholicism in England

style

having a distinctive quality or form

Why did Charles V opposed the Reformation?

he wanted it to continued being united

Who was Martin Luther, and what idea of his became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation

he was a monk in he catholic church. Professor at university in Wittenberg His chief teaching was Jurisdiction by faith alone

Like painters, Renaissance sculptors and architects sought to portray a _____-________ _____

human-centered world

What method did Protestant teachers use

humanists

The increasingly secular focus of education in the humanist movement led to a core of topics called _______ _______

liberal studies

Tommaso di Giovanni, called Masaccio

made fresco perspective

Mary I

married to Pilip II of Spain 1st married queen of Englans

Leonardo da Vinci

mastered the art of realistic painting, even dissecting human bodies to better understand their workings He wanted to create idealized forms that captured the perfection of nature in the individual Leonardo could not express his vision of perfection fully in a realistic style.

Anabaptism

no heiracy radicals by everyone shouldnt baptise baby

What did Francesco Petrarch begin to emphasize

on using pure classical Latin

external

outward or observable

fresco

painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

Martin Luther believed that the _______ should pay for school

public

Pope Leo X

selling of indulgences

What was the role of the mother-wife in the italian family?

supervise the household and raise children

What declared Henry VII

the Act of Supremacy of 1534

vernacular

the language of everyday speech in a particular region

justification

the process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God

Lutherism

the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith

salvation

the state of being saved through faith alone or through faith and good works

How were the lives of burghers and workers similar?

their lives were similar since they both were considered the middle class

What did Anabaptists call for

they considered all to be equal and total separation between church and state

How did the growth of monarchial states in Europe affect the Italian states?

they had competition from surrounding states later on invaded them

decline

to change to a lower state or level

attain

to gain or achieve

dominate

to influence or control

publish

to print for distribution

What did Dante write in and what was it?

vernacular, the local spoken language

valid

well-grounded or justifiable