Chapter 15 Civics
Dr. __ __ __ Jr. , Rosa Parks, and other leaders in the civil rights movement, organized __, boycotts, Freedom Schools, and marches
Martin Luther King sit ins
the first amendment's protection of __ lies at the heart of an open, __ society
speech democratic
in the __ __ courts with the __ to the public against the benefit to an individual of being able to choose what to say and where to say it
balancing test danger
__ due process mean the government must follow fair __ if it is going to deprive someone of life, liberty, or property (Miranda V. Arizona)
procedural procedures
equal __ means that laws must apply to all people who are in similar situations, and that the government cannot draw __ distinctions among different groups.
protection unreasonable
Why are restrictions placed on some forms of speech?
public safety, obscenity, defamation, "fighting words", commercial speech, and time, place for assembly
talking with friends or addressing a crowd are examples of __ __
pure speech
Discrimination is unfair treatment of individuals based solely on their __, gender, __ __ age, physical disability, or religion
race national origin
Jim crow laws which required racial __ in certain places, were enacted by many state in response to the protections provided under the __ amendment
segregation 14
spoken defamation is called __ while published defamation is called __
slander libel
the gun control act also regulates how and where guns can be __ and sets penalties for carrying and using firearms in crimes of __ or __ trafficking
sold violence drug
judges applying the ____ __ test look for a compelling, or very important, interest in a law or practice.
strict scrutiny
what aspects of religion are still allowed in public schools
study religion, meet in religious groups, history of religion, cannot endorse a particular religion
__ due process means that the laws themselves have to be fair and must not __ interfere with a fundamental right
substantive unreasonably
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Struck down state's law banning interracial marriage as violation of the 14th Amendment equal protection clause (Warren Court)
how do the prior restraint, gag order, and demonstration permit balance first amendment and restrictions on rights
all restrictions on 1st amendment. prior restraint-may be sensitive information, gag order- press cannot say anything on case, demonstration permit-for safety purposes(fire hazard)
the right to free __ means that people can participate in large events such as protests or parades, and they are free to meet with others in homes or private places
assembly
to balance the freedom of __ with the government's interest in maintaining _ and safe communities the government can __ the time, place, and manner of assembly as long as it does so in the same way for all groups regardless of the message
assembly order regulate
what are the two views regarding how the government should fulfill these requirements
be neutral toward religion, government accommodate religious belief and practice
the right to petition has roots in the Magna Carta and the english __ __ __
bill of rights
how does this relate to "separation of church and state"
cannot support one religion and not another or enforce rules due to religion
the gun control act of 1968 prohibits certain people such as convicted __, minors, and __ immigrants from buying or possessing guns
felons illegal
The __Amendment's protects people's freedom of religion,__, press, assembly, and petition
first speech
What does the Establishment Clause do?
forbids state and federal government from setting up churches, passing laws aiding one religion, and requiring to attend church
places in which the rules about __ __ are different than in the general public include prisons, __, and the military
free speech schools
when a judge issues a __ __ in a trial, the right of the accused to a fair trial is in conflict with freedom of the __
gag order press
the test of substantial relationship, used in __ discrimination cases, looks for a close connection between a law or practice and its __
gender purpose
despite many advances women continue to earn __ money than men
less
the growth of technology and __ __ have created new issues regarding freedom of the press
mass communication
the us would not have won its war for independence without well-armed __
militias
in 1995, the supreme court found that federal agencies could not automatically favor ___ companies for federal contracts.
minority- based
while the scope of constitutional rights has expanded, so has the power of the __ government to overrule or modify __ government actions
national state
regulations that control when, where, and how an expression is allowed must be viewpoint __ and evenly-handily __
neutral enforced
the Supreme Court rules against prior restraint in the Pentagon papers case __ __ __ v __ __
new york times united states
women won full voting rights with the ratification of the __ amendment in 1920
nineteenth
a number of states, cities, and towns have passed laws that provide some protection from discrimination based on sexual __
orientation
the freedoms of ____________ and ____________ offer people opportunties to join together to make their voices stronger when they want to send the government a message
petition assembly
in the case of __ __ __ the supreme court said that undocumented immigrants are also protected by the 14th amendment
plyer v. doe
The first amendment guarantees freedom of the __, which includes newspapers, magazines, books, radio, television, and film
press
a __ that is free of censorship is able to subject all our political and legal institutions to __ scrutiny and criticism
press public
in regents of the university of california v. bakke the supreme court ruled that __ __ were illegal
racial quotas
the test of __ basis evaluates whether there is a logical __ between the treatment or classification of some people and the purpose of the law in question
rational relationship
what is protected under the free exercise clause
rights of individuals to worship a they choose
in 1973 __ __ __ decision established a woman's right to get an __ during the first 6 months of her pregnancy
roe v wade abortion
the supreme court has rules that the __ __ protects, with limits, the right of an individual to own a gun
second amendment
what are the three parts of the lemon test
secular purpose, main effect neither advance or inhibit religion and avoid excessive entanglement government with religion
in 1969, the Supreme Court ruled that only __ directed toward "inciting immediate __" and likely to produce such behavior could be punished.
speech lawlessness
the supreme court has ruled that the freedom of __,press, and fair trial, marriage, travel, and educate ones children are all _ rights
speech fundamental
legislation since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, has given the u.s. government more power to conduct __ by broadening the definition of who can be seen as a ___
surveillance terrorist
behaviors such as flag-waving or wearing a protest button are examples of __
symbolic speech
the freedom to petition ensures that people have the right to ask the government to __ or not to _ an action
take
the supreme court has issued several rulings that relate to privacy, citing the 1st, __, 4th, __ and __ amendments
third fifth ninth
how did outcomes of van order v. Perry, minersville school district v. gobitis, and board of education v. barnette balance between allowing freedom of religion and avoiding government sanction or establishment of religion
van orden- public display, privately donated statues including ten commandments was okay. minersville- jahovah witness must participate in flag salute and pledge board of eduation- can achieve patriotism without forcing people to violate religious beliefs
the purpose of the __ amendment was to clearly establish what constitutes US __
14 citizenship
in 1919, __ was made possible for native Americans who has fought during WWI, and in 1924 the Indian citizenship act granted __ to all native Americans born in the US
citizenship
The __ __ Act of 1964 and the __ __ Act of 1965 prohibited discrimination in employment, public accommodations, government services, and voting based on race, gender, religion, and national origin
Civil Rights Voting Rights
__ __ that is false or misleading or provides information about illegal products is banned
commercial speech
__ __ is generally presumed __ by US Courts unless it would prevent certain, serious, and irreparable harm that would be caused by the publication
prior restraint unconstitutional
freedom of the press means that government __ is prohibited by the first amendment
censorship
the government may limit __ rights for government interests such as criminal investigation or national security
privacy
under the __ __ __ of 1967, employers cannot refuse to hire or promote someone simply because he or she is older
age discrimination act
what two requirements does the first amendment place on the government reguarding religion?
congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise
the Americans with __ act and the individuals with __ education act require consideration of a persons special needs in a variety of areas
disability
in __ __ __ v. __ the supreme court rules that, while people have a constitutional right to keep guns in their homes, the government can choose to __ the possession of guns, or to ban certain groups from possessing guns
district of columbia heller regulate
under the incorporation doctrine, the __ __ clause of the fourteenth amendment applies to state and local governments as well as the national government
due process
what has the Supreme Court generally ruled regarding religious displays by the government
where governments display symbols of variety religions are constitutional or secular purpose
categories of speech that can be punished on content include obscenity, __, and __ __
defamation fighting words
in ___ __ __ __(1857), the supreme court said that African Americans,whether enslaved or free, were not __ because they were not citizens when the constitution was adopted.
dred scott v. sandford citizens
in Brown v. Board the supreme court ruled that segregated schools could never be __ an were therefore __
equal unconstitutional
