Chapter 15 Concept recall questions

In what ways can our attitudes, prejudices, stereotypes, and attributions create self- fulfilling prophecies?

All of those factors can cause people to create an environment based on their actions that influences the outcome to become what they suspected, or have the outcome they thought would happen. For example, someone with a bad attitude will think everyone is mean, and will be so mean to everyone that everyone is mean to them, creating a self fulfilling prophecy.

Under what conditions will an attitude most closely reflect our behavior?

An attitude and behavior will align when there is no cognitive dissonance. For example the idea of "I like the color blue" and the idea of " I painted my room blue" align, so the attitude and behavior is aligned.

What is the difference between an in-group and Out-group predjudice?

An ingroup prejudice makes it easier to assign good behavior to personal attributes and situational attributes to bad behavior, and vice versa. Such as when one has a bad day, it was because of everything around them, but when the same person has a good day, it was because of them.

How can stereotypes influence both our actions towards outhers and how we think of ourselves?

Behaviors are formed upon stereotypes , as well as our actions. This way, stereotypes can cause people to behave differently, even towards themself.

What are several ways that can reduce cognitive dissonance?

Change the behavior to be consistent with the attitude Change the attitude to be consistent with behavior Minimize the importance of the attitude Include the additional thoughts and behaviors that allow us to hold both the original attitude and engage in the behavior Rationalizing that we did not have a choice but to engage in the behavior

what condition create a feeling of cognitive dissonance?

Cognitive dissonance is created when the ideas do not align. For example, "I like the color blue" does not justify the action of painting a room bright orange.

How can our self serving bias be used to confirm our self esteem?

If we have low self esteem, we will use our actions and make reasoning with ourself to confirm how bad of person we are

How can personal and situational attributions explain the difference between the predictions of how much shock people would deliver and how much shock people actually delivered in Milgram's studies of obedience?

Many believed that due to personal attributions people would not shock the learner but due to the situational attributions they administered the shock

How do personal and situational attributes differ?

Personal attributions are when the cause of behaviors come from within a person, while situational attributions happen because of the environment or the context of a situation

How are predjudices and stereotypes similar? how are they different?

Prejudices are the strong attitudes, negative or positive, one feels towards a group of people, while a stereotype is the overgeneralized characteristics of a certain group. A stereotype typically comes from a negative prejudice.

What did Rosenthal's research show about self fulfilling prophecies in sixth graders?

Rosenthal's research showed that the teachers influenced the kids that might have done average to create a self fulfilling prophecy, in which the kids became what they were groomed to be.

What factors influences the level of obedience to authority observers in Milgram' studies of obedience ?

The factor is gender, even though both genders showed the same results, as well as authority figure being present

What are social norms? How do they influence our behavior

The implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors, values, and beliefs of its members, and by not following social norms people risk being made fun of or exclusion

How did the social norms influence the outcome of the Stanford prison experiment?

The social norms made the prisoners act submissive to the guards, even though the situation was not real

How did the staff expectations influence the actions of the participants in Rosenhal's study of self fulfilling prophecy?

The staff expected the participants to act a certain way, so there were social pressures put onto the participants

What is the fundamental attribution error?

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others

What are the 3 major components of an attitude?

The three major components of an attitude is the Affective component, the Behavioral component, and the cognitive component.

How do messages based on the peripheral route of persuasion differ from those that use the central route?

the peripheral route focuses on attitude change due to negative or positive cues, while the central is facts and logic