Chapter 15 Energy

44) At present, what approximate percentage of electricity generated in the United States comes from nuclear energy? A) 20% B) 30% C) 90% D) 75%

A) 20%

12) ________ is the measure of the dispersal of energy in a system. A) Entropy B) Enthalpy C) Heat D) Calories

A) Entropy

23) The primary element in coal is A) carbon. B) silicon. C) oxygen. D) chlorine.

A) carbon.

28) When coal burns, A) chemical energy is converted to heat energy. B) heat energy is created. C) chemical energy is destroyed. D) heat energy is converted to electrical energy.

A) chemical energy is converted to heat energy.

22) The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is A) coal. B) natural gas. C) petroleum. D) wood.

A) coal.

39) The heating of large hydrocarbon compounds with a catalyst in the absence of oxygen is called A) cracking. B) catalysis. C) reforming. D) flocculation.

A) cracking.

35) To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be A) distilled. B) filtered. C) reduced. D) washed with water.

A) distilled.

9) Which of the following is an endothermic process? A) evaporation of water B) burning of wood C) explosion of dynamite D) discharging of a battery

A) evaporation of water

27) When coal containing sulfur is burned, the sulfur is converted to A) gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack. B) liquid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash. C) solid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash. D) Sulfur is converted to all of the above.

A) gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack.

33) The main components of petroleum are A) hydrocarbons. B) carbohydrates. C) fats and oils. D) ionic compounds.

A) hydrocarbons.

38) In general, a higher proportion of branched chain hydrocarbons in a gasoline formulation A) increases octane rating. B) decreases octane rating. C) burns cleaner. D) burns cooler.

A) increases octane rating.

1) The SI unit of energy is the A) joule. B) calorie. C) gram. D) watt.

A) joule.

49) Which technology is NOT used at all today for the production of electricity? A) nuclear fusion B) nuclear fission C) solar cells D) geothermal power plants

A) nuclear fusion

13) Which physical state has the lowest entropy? A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) All have the same entropy.

A) solid

25) A major inconvenience of coal as a fuel is that it is a(n) A) solid. B) liquid. C) gas. D) mixture of all three states.

A) solid.

2) Approximately what percentage of the total solar radiation that falls upon the earth is immediately reflected back into space? A) 15% B) 30% C) 45% D) 70%

B) 30%

45) Which country leads in percentage of electricity produced by nuclear energy? A) China B) France C) India D) Ukraine

B) France

18) ________ were introduced into western Europe in the Middle Ages. A) Waterwheels B) Windmills C) Automobile engines D) Solar panels

B) Windmills

6) Which of the following situations would be an example of kinetic energy? A) a compressed spring B) a nuclear explosion C) a tank of gasoline D) a batter waiting for the ball to be pitched

B) a nuclear explosion

41) When petroleum is separated in a distillation tower, the fraction that does not vaporize is A) petroleum jelly. B) asphalt. C) lubricants. D) heating oil.

B) asphalt.

36) The yield of gasoline from crude petroleum can be increased by A) catalytic cracking of lighter fractions. B) catalytic cracking of heavier fractions. C) simple distillation. D) vacuum distillation.

B) catalytic cracking of heavier fractions.

10) The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of A) conservation of mass. B) conservation of energy. C) creation of energy. D) destruction of energy.

B) conservation of energy.

48) The principal fuel(s) for nuclear fusion would be A) uranium-235 and uranium-238. B) deuterium and tritium (2H and 3H). C) plutonium-238. D) water.

B) deuterium and tritium (2H and 3H).

46) Electricity produced from nuclear power is especially important in which part of the United States? A) Southwest B) eastern seaboard and the Upper Midwest C) West D) Plains

B) eastern seaboard and the Upper Midwest

42) For most uses, the most convenient form of energy is A) chemical. B) electrical. C) mechanical. D) solar.

B) electrical.

21) A substance that burns readily and releases significant amounts of energy is a(n) A) reducing agent. B) fuel. C) endotherm. D) catalyst.

B) fuel.

14) In any conversion of energy from one form to another, some of the energy ends up as A) entropy. B) heat. C) electricity. D) radioactivity.

B) heat.

30) The major component of natural gas is A) ethane. B) methane. C) butane. D) octane.

B) methane.

32) Natural gas burns with a relatively clean flame. Which of the following potential pollutants is produced in significant quantities during the combustion of natural gas in air? A) sulfur oxides B) nitrogen oxides C) metal oxides D) All of the above are produced in significant quantities.

B) nitrogen oxides

11) The ________ law of thermodynamics states that in a spontaneous process, energy is degraded from more useful forms to less useful forms. A) first B) second C) third D) fourth

B) second

15) Perhaps the first mechanical device used to convert energy into a more useful form was the A) steam engine. B) waterwheel. C) windmill. D) nuclear reactor.

B) waterwheel.

4) A watt is A) 1 s/joule. B) 1 cal/s. C) 1 joule/s. D) 1 s/cal.

C) 1 joule/s.

26) Approximately what percentage of U.S. electricity is generated by the burning of coal? A) 25% B) 35% C) 45% D) 65%

C) 45%

43) Approximately what percentage of the chemical energy of a fossil fuel electrical power plant is "lost" as heat energy? A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80%

C) 60%

5) The thin film of air, water, and soil in which all life exists is only about 15 km thick and is called the A) atmosphere. B) stratosphere. C) biosphere. D) hemisphere.

C) biosphere.

29) When coal is heated in the absence of air, the condensed vapor collected during the heating is called A) coal. B) coke. C) coal tar. D) carbon.

C) coal tar.

34) Recent evidence indicates that petroleum is derived from A) plants. B) microscopic land animals. C) microscopic marine animals. D) decomposition of volcanic ash.

C) microscopic marine animals.

31) An advantage of natural gas as a fuel is that it is A) more abundant than coal. B) easy to locate and extract. C) the cleanest of the fossil fuels. D) the product is carbon and water.

C) the cleanest of the fossil fuels.

8) According to kinetic-molecular theory, reactions occur more rapidly at higher temperatures because A) molecules move faster at higher temperatures. B) molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures. C) molecules have more energy at higher temperatures. D) All of the above are true.

D) All of the above are true.

7) Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? A) CO2 B) H2O C) H2S D) O2

D) O2

3) The solar energy-absorbing molecules of plants that power photosynthesis are called A) carbohydrates. B) photovoltaics. C) solarases. D) chlorophylls.

D) chlorophylls.

37) Gasoline is a A) compound. B) pure substance. C) simple mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons. D) complex mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons.

D) complex mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons.

19) Wood, crop residues, and ________ still remain the main sources of heat for one-third of the world's people. A) coal. B) natural gas C) petroleum D) dried dung

D) dried dung

40) The petroleum fraction that has the lowest boiling point is A) gasoline. B) kerosene. C) heating oil. D) natural gas.

D) natural gas.

20) Approximately what percentage of the energy used to support our current lifestyle comes from fossil fuels? A) 50% B) 35% C) 15% D) over 85%

D) over 85%

24) The lowest grade of coal is A) anthracite. B) bituminous. C) lignite. D) peat.

D) peat.

50) Most solar cells are composed primarily of A) arsenic. B) sulfur. C) nickel. D) silicon.

D) silicon.

47) Given the potential benefits and risks associated with nuclear power, the desirability quotient for electrical generation by nuclear power is probably best described as A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) uncertain.

D) uncertain.

17) Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel? A) coal B) natural gas C) petroleum D) wood

D) wood

16) The first fuel was A) coal. B) petroleum. C) blubber. D) wood.

D) wood.