Chapter 15 Infection Control Review Questions

Name 3 methods that can be used to place sterile items on a sterile field. Identify the types of items that can be transferred by each method.

Drop technique: used for gauze pads, dressings, and small items Mitten technique: bols, pads, and gauze pads Transfer Forcep technique: cotton balls, small items, or articles that can't be removed by drop or mitten

Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization.

Antisepsis: destruction of the microorganisms that create the septic disease Disinfection: type of medical asepsis that destroys most pathogens, but is not always effective on viruses and spores Sterilization: type of surgical asepsis that kills all microorganisms, including viruses and spores

List 8 times the hands must be washed.

1) Before touching a patient 2) Before a clean or aseptic procedure 3) After body fluid exposure or risk of exposure 4) After touching a patient 5) After touching the patient's surroundings 6) When you arrive at the facility and immediately before leaving the facility 7) After contact with a patient's intact skin 8) Any time gloves are torn or punctured

Develop a plan showing at least 5 ways you can protect yourself and your family from a bioterrorism attack.

1) Community-based surveillance to detect early indications of a bioterrorism attack 2) Notification of the public when a high-risk situation is detected 3) Strict infection-control measures and public education about the measures 4) Strict guidelines and restrictions for purchasing and transporting pathogenic microorganisms 5) Training personnel to properly diagnose and treat infectious diseases

List the 3 main types of transmission-based precautions and the basic principles that must be followed for each type.

Airborne: used for patients with disease that are spread through tiny airborne droplets, isolation room, respiratory protection, negative pressure Droplet: used for patients with diseases that are spread through large airborne droplets, isolation room, standard surgical mask Contact Precautions: used for patients with diseases that are spread through direct and indirect contact, isolation room, gowns and gloves, equipment precautions

Draw the chain of infection and identify 3 ways to break each section of the chain.

Chain of Infection: way of gathering the information needed to interrupt or prevent an epidemic. Not recognizing high-risk patients, Not completing standard precautions, Not disposing of waste and trash correctly.

What special precautions for personal protective equipment must be followed under the CDC guidelines for Ebola virus disease?

Full surgical fluid-resistant gowns to mid-calf, masks, boots, double gloves, and face shields. Leave no skin exposed.

Name the different types of personal protective equipment and state when each type must be worn to meet the requirements of standard precautions.

Gloves: When contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials, mucous membranes, no intact skin, or potentially contaminated intact skin could occur Gowns: worn during any procedure that may cause splashing or spraying blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions Masks and Eye Protection: worn during any procedure that may cause splashing or spraying blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions

List the classifications of bacteria by shape and give 2 examples of diseases caused by each class.

Protozoa: Cholera, Malaria, Amoebic Dysentery Fungi: Ringworm, Athlete's foot, Histoplasmosis Rickettsia-Typhus Fever, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, African Tick Bite Fever

What level of infection control is achieved by an ultrasonic cleaner? Chemicals? An autoclave?

Ultrasonic Cleaner: Cleaning Chemicals: Disinfecting Autoclave: sterilization