Chapter 15 Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Which model suggests that leader effectiveness is primarily determined by selecting the right kind of leader for a certain situation or changing the situation to fit the particular leader's style?

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership

According to the LMX theory, during which time is leader-member exchange high?

Maturity

Which type of leaders share work problems with followers and weigh the input of followers when making decisions?

Participative leadership

The contingency model's task structure and position power are concerned with which part of the interactional framework?

Situation

Which of the following is not an example of a relationship behavior?

Telling people who should complete a task

Which theory argues that leaders do not treat all followers as if they were a uniform group of equals?

The Leader-Member Exchange Model

In-group and out-group interactions are the focus of which theory?

The leader-member exchange model

The instrument called the least preferred ______(LPC) _____ instructs a leader to think of the single individual with whom he has had the greatest difficulty working and then to describe that individual in terms of a series of bipolar adjectives.

coworker/scale

A leader can increase a follower's readiness by implementing

developmental interventions

The norms, cohesiveness, size, and stage of development of groups are part of the _____ function in the L-F-S model but are part of the _____ function in path-goal theory.

follower/situation

The extent to which relationships between the leader and followers are generally cooperative and friendly or antagonistic and difficult is concerned with

leader-member relations.

Path-goal theory has received _____ research support.

mixed

The theory that deals with expectancy is

path-goal theory

How much a leader engages in two-way communication refers to _____ behavior.

relationship

When boosting follower readiness, a leader should

select the readiness level one above the follower's current readiness level.

According to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model, match the leader behaviors with their levels of task behavior and relationship behavior.

· Delegating = Low task behavior and low relationship behavior · Participating = Low task behavior and high relationship behavior · Selling = High task behavior and high relationship behavior · Telling = High task behavior and low relationship behavior

Fiedler and his associates have conducted numerous studies to determine how different leaders, as described by their least preferred co-worker (LPC) scores, have performed in different situations.

· The situational favorability is moderate: Those groups led by leaders concerned with establishing and maintaining relationships (high-LPC leaders) seem to do best. · The situation is either very unfavorable or highly favorable: Those groups led by the task-motivated (low-LPC) leaders seem to do best.

Which of the following is not true of low-LPC leaders?

They are satisfied primarily by establishing and maintaining close interpersonal relationships.

Who is primarily motivated by relationships?

High-LPC managers

The question 'what is the task to be accomplished' is concerned with which part of the interactional framework?

Situation

Which model is concerned with how the leader's behavior can be changed to improve interactions with different followers?

The Situational Leadership model

Match the types of leader behavior in the path-goal theory of leadership with their descriptions.

· Directive leadership: They include telling the followers what they are expected to do, how to do it, when it is to be done, and how their work fits in with the work of others. · Supportive leadership: They include having courteous and friendly interactions, expressing genuine concern for the followers' well-being and individual needs, and remaining open and approachable to followers. · Participative leadership: They include behaviors that mark the consultative and group behaviors described by Vroom and Yetton.

A follower has both substantial training and experience in a required task. According to Hersey & Blanchard's Situational Leadership model, which of the following leadership behaviors should the leader exhibit in this scenario?

A low level of task and a low level of relationship behaviors

To enhance the overall effectiveness of the organization, leaders should do all the following except which?

Develop special relationships with a limited number of high potential followers.

Which theory would best provide perspective on the question 'if I study for 12 hours, what is the probability that I'll get an A on the exam?'

Expectancy theory

True or false: According to Fiedler's studies, leaders will behave according to their secondary motivational state only when faced with unfavorable situations.

False

True or false: Follower readiness is an assessment of an individual's personality, traits, values, and so forth.

False

True or false: The LMX model is particularly valuable because it identifies the specific behaviors that lead to high quality relationships between leaders and followers.

False

Which of the following is the earliest and most well-known contingency theory?

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership

According to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model, match the levels in the follower readiness continuum with their attributes.

Follower directed = Able and willing or confident Leader directed = Unable but willing or confident

Which of the following is true of the Situational Leadership model?

It is popular because it is easy to understand and takes a commonsense perspective

Based on Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, arrange the sub elements in determining overall situation favorability in the decreasing order of their power.

Leader/Member relations, Task Structure, Position Power

According to Fiedler, match the types of leaders based on their least preferred co-worker (LPC) scores with their behaviors when faced with unfavorable or moderately favorable situations.

Low-LPC leaders = They will concentrate on the task. High-LPC leaders = They will concentrate on relationships

A follower's ability and willingness to accomplish a particular task refers to follower

Readiness

In which phase of leader-member exchange does the leader offer opportunities and evaluate the follower's performance and potential?

Role-taking

According to the LMX theory, during the _______ stage, similarities and differences become cemented

Routinization

According to the contingency model, the amount of control the leader has over followers refers to

Situational favorability

Expressing genuine concern for the well-being of followers and remaining open and approachable to followers are examples of which type of leadership?

Supportive leadership

Which model is the most validated of all leadership theories?

The contingency model

What are the situational factors considered by the path-goal theory of leadership that impact or moderate the effects of leader behavior on follower attitudes and behaviors?

The primary work group The formal authority system The task

True or false: According to the path-goal theory of leadership, factors that influence leadership situations can serve as an independent motivational factor, as a constraint on the behavior of followers, or as a reward.

True

True or false: Path-goal theory maintains that leaders should first assess the situation and then choose a leadership behavior appropriate to the situation.

True

True or false: The path-goal theory of leadership assumes that leaders not only may use varying styles with different subordinates but also may use differing styles with the same subordinates in different situations.

True

True or false: The score on the least preferred coworker scale reflects something about the leader, not the specific individual the leader evaluated.

True

If a particular follower has low task readiness, Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership model maintains that the leader should use a ________________ when initially dealing with this follower.

high level of task and a low level of relationship behaviors

The _____ _____ model addresses the question of whether there is an optimum way for leaders to adjust their behavior with different followers to increase the likelihood of a successful interaction.

situational leadership

1. The extent to which a leader spells out the responsibilities of individual or group refers to ____ behavior.

task

Telling people what to do, how to do it, and when to do it are all examples of ____ behavior.

task

Path-goal theory would suggest that a leader dealing with a newly formed work unit that has a high level of ambiguity should

tell followers what to do and how to do it

Which contingency model generates the most research?

the LMX theory

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, followers will actively support a leader if

they view the leader's actions as a means for increasing their own levels of satisfaction.

According to Mitchell, Smyser, and Weed's study based on the path-goal theory of leadership, match the types of followers based on their loci of control (in the left column) with the corresponding findings related to leader behaviors (in the right column).

· Internal-locus-of-control followers: They were much more satisfied with leaders who exhibited participative behaviors than they were with leaders who were directive. · External-locus-of-control followers: They were more satisfied with directive leader behaviors than they were with participative leader behaviors.

In the context of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, identify the true statements about the sub elements of situation favorability.

· Leaders who rate leader-member relations as high feel they have the support of their followers and can rely on their loyalty. · Determining task structure involves assessing whether there are detailed descriptions of work products.