chapter 15 practice quiz

Children show evidence of sensitivity to the "rules" of language by the age of _______ months.

7

Which of the following is correct about the word "unbreakable"?

Able is a morpheme.

A 45-year old individual that played football all his life is showing signs of confusion and memory loss. If you were to examine his brain, what would you expect to find?

Abnormal expression of tau

A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia.

Broca's

Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis; those with _______ are likely to experience right-sided numbness.

Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia

Which region of cortex is crucial for face recognition?

Fusiform gyrus

_______ is an anatomical abnormality of developmental dyslexia that is associated with excessive cortical folding in areas such as the temporoparietal junction.

Micropolygyria

In ERP studies of normal subjects, it has been found that a grammatically correct sentence containing a word whose meaning does not fit into the sentence provokes a(n) _______ wave from _______ cortex.

N400; temporoparietal

Which statement about language lateralization in monkeys is true?

Similar to humans, monkeys show a preference for using the right ear (which has connects to the contralateral side) to listen to vocalizations of conspecifics.

Which statement best illustrates the motor theory of language?

When we listen to speech, we process the speech sounds using the same neural systems that we use to make those sounds.

Disturbance in reading is called

alexia.

Apraxia is

an inability to execute a learned sequence of movements.

Damage to the _______, which transmits information between Wernicke's area and Broca's area leads to _______ aphasia.

arcuate fasciculus; conduction

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings

are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia.

In most split-brain patients, words presented to the left visual field

cannot be repeated verbally.

According to some studies, stroke patients given _______ therapy can show about a 75% return of normal use of a paralyzed arm within a relatively short period of time.

constraint-induced movement

The human brain shows a clear _______, during which exposure and practice with language must occur in order for language skills to develop normally.

critical period

Unusual groupings of cells in the outer layers of the cerebral cortex have been seen in postmortem studies of

dyslexia.

An exciting, but controversial future treatment for brain injury may be the use of _______ to replace the damaged neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

embryonic stem cells

The complete loss of the ability to understand language, or to speak, read, or write is called _______ aphasia.

global

If conscious subjects receive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of anterior portions of Broca's area, they

have difficulty understanding the meanings of words.

In infants, the left planum temporale is larger than the right, suggesting that

humans have an inborn neural mechanism for language.

Hemispheric specialization is also known as

lateralization.

Aphasic patients may produce nonsensical or meaningless words called

neologisms.

The sounds that make up a language are called _______, and the system of rules for producing sentences is called _______.

phonemes; grammar

Prosopagnosia is the inability to

recognize faces.

The goal of constraint-induced movement therapy is to encourage stroke patients to use the afflicted arm by _______ the unaffected arm.

restraining

All the following may aid in stabilization and reorganization after brain damage except

reverse transcription.

A left-ear advantage for verbal sounds can be observed in up to 50% of

right-handed individuals.

The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in the perception of music. The _______ hemisphere plays a major role in prosody.

right; right

Anna has been diagnosed with deep dyslexia. The most obvious symptom she has is

she interprets a word when reading not as the word on the page but as a semantically related word.

In nonhuman primates, the brain regions in which electrical stimulation elicits vocalizations seem to be those involved in

strongly emotional behaviors, such as defense, attack, feeding, and sex behaviors.

In monkeys, stimulation of the _______, but not of the _______, results in vocalizations.

subcortical regions; cortex

Early studies using electrodes to stimulate discrete areas of cortex, thereby disrupting neural function, found

that electrical stimulation interfered with language abilities.

Williams syndrome provides evidence for

the heritability of language.

Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of

the left posterior temporal region.