Chapter 15 Practice Quiz

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings

are inconsistent with the connectionist model of aphasia.

In boxers, the devastating effects of repeated blows to the head are evident in the development of a progressive cognitive impairment called

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

The human brain shows a clear _______, during which exposure and practice with language must occur in order for language skills to develop normally.

critical period

Astereognosis is the

inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation

Nonverbal visual stimuli, such as faces or shapes, are recognized more accurately if they are presented to the

left visual field

Aphasic patients may produce nonsensical or meaningless words called

neologisms

TMS brain mapping has shown that _______ regions of Broca's area are important for _______ processing.

posterior; phonological

Bilateral damage to the fusiform gyrus results in

prosopagnosia

People with conduction aphasia are unable to

repeat words or sentences

All the following may aid in stabilization and reorganization after brain damage except

reverse transcription

In monkeys, stimulation of the _______, but not of the _______, results in vocalizations.

subcortical regions; cortex

Split-brain individuals are those who have undergone surgery to _______ as a treatment for _______.

the corpus callosum; epilepsy

Speech mechanisms may have evolved from more ancient systems controlling gestures of the face and hands, in agreement with

the motor theory of language

Consistent with the motor theory of speech perception, deaf people who use American Sign Language use _______ language-related regions of the left hemisphere as hearing people who use spoken language do.

the same

Mirror therapy has been shown to be useful for rehabilitation after brain injury as it

tricks the brain into thinking they are moving the paralyzed arm

A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia.

Broca's

A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Broca's

Patients with _______ are likely to have right-sided weakness or partial paralysis; those with _______ are likely to experience right-sided numbness.

Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia

Which symptom is not one of the forms of brain pathology associated with long-time boxers?

Micropolygyria

The relationship between the direction of the whorl of hair on the top of the head and handedness supports the idea that

a single gene has a major influence on asymmetry throughout the body

A 45-year old individual that played football all his life is showing signs of confusion and memory loss. If you were to examine his brain, what would you expect to find?

Abnormal expression of tau

Which of the following best describes the Wernicke-Geschwind model of aphasia?

Connectionist

Under which circumstance would a doctor request that a patient undergo a Wada test?

If a patient may need to undergo neurosurgery

Which symptom would not be a likely result of extensive damage to the right fusiform gyrus?

Impairment in recognizing the voices of coworkers

Which statement about the evolution of languages is most accurate?

Languages are being lost or absorbed as a result of increasing globalization

_______ is an anatomical abnormality of developmental dyslexia that is associated with excessive cortical folding in areas such as the temporoparietal junction.

Micropolygyria

Which feature of birdsong suggests it is analogous to human speech?

Some birds require early exposure to species-typical birdsong in order to develop their characteristic song

A patient speaks in a fluent manner, although her speech contains many paraphasias that make it unintelligible. She also demonstrates poor comprehension of verbal material. This patient is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Wernicke's

Disturbance in reading is called

alexia

The complete loss of the ability to understand language, or to speak, read, or write is called _______ aphasia.

global

In general, brain injury suffered _______ has less severe consequences than brain injury suffered _______.

in childhood; in adulthood

Hemispheric specialization is also known as

lateralization

A prominent structural asymmetry in the brains of typical humans is apparent in the _______, which is located on the superior surface of the _______ lobe.

planum temporale; temporal

A left-ear advantage for verbal sounds can be observed in up to 50% of

right-handed individuals

Anna has been diagnosed with deep dyslexia. The most obvious symptom she has is

she interprets a word when reading not as the word on the page but as a semantically related word

Early studies using electrodes to stimulate discrete areas of cortex, thereby disrupting neural function, found

that electrical stimulation interfered with language abilities

In patients with aphasia following a stroke, the greatest amount of language recovery is likely to be achieved _______ after the episode of brain damage.

within 3 months