Chapter 15 Study Guide

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Venus and Mars both have atmospheres made up mainly of carbon dioxide.

True

Venus experiences an intense greenhouse effect.

True

Which planet is tilted on its side?

Uranus

Which planet has a greenhouse effect that causes extremely high surface temperature?

Venus

The greenhouse effect on Earth keeps it warm enough for liquid water to exist. However, on Venus, the greenhouse effect warms the planet to ___.

460 degrees C

Mercury has an atmosphere much like that of Earth.

False

The Sun contains about half the mass of the solar system.

False

The outer planets are called gas dwarfs.

False

Which planet has iron oxide and polar ice caps?

Mars

Which planet has no atmosphere?

Mercury

Which planet is the smallest planet?

Mercury

The orbits of ___ lie closer to the Sun than does Earth's orbit.

Mercury and Venus

Name the inner planets.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Name the planets in order from the Sun.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Inner planets are made mainly of solid rocky materials.

True

What is the basic shape of every planet's orbit?

ellipse

Mercury is the ___ planet from the Sun.

first

An ellipse is a stretched out circle that has a shape defined by two ___ that are each the same distance from the center of the ellipse.

foci

While inner planets are made up mostly of rocky material, the outer planets are made up mostly of ___.

gas and ice

What causes planets and other space objects to orbit around the Sun rather than going off in a straight line?

gravity - the Sun's is pulling objects toward it

Venus is the hottest planet because of the ___ effect of gases in the atmosphere.

greenhouse

Solar energy trapped by gases in Venus's atmosphere causes ___.

greenhouse effect

Venus and Earth both experience ___ because of heat trapped by their atmospheres.

greenhouse effect

___ are pieces of rock that strike the surface of a moon or planet.

meteorites

Small pieces of rock that enter Earth's atmosphere and burn up are called ___.

meteors

The time it takes a planet or any other object to travel once around the Sun is its period of ___.

revolution

The time it takes a planet or any other object to spin or rotate once is its period of ___.

rotation

Mercury is too ___ to have strong enough gravity to hold an atmosphere.

small

What is the basic astronomical unit based on?

the distance between Earth and the Sun

Which planet has liquid water oceans?

Earth

___ is the third planet from the Sun.

Earth

An astronomical unit is the average distance between ______.

Earth and the Sun

Which planet is the largest planet?

Jupiter

Which planet has dark rings and 13 moons?

Neptune

Which planet has the most complex ring system?

Saturn

Which of the following is a common trait of the inner planets? (The atmospheres are made up of the same gases., They all have water., They all have a solid outer layer., They are the same size.)

They all have a solid outer layer.

A meteor is actually a meteoroid that burns up in Earth's atmosphere.

True


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