chapter 15 UPPER ARM, ELBOW, AND FOREARM CONDITIONS

True or False? With an elbow dislocation, the arm is frequently held in flexion with the forearm appearing shortened. A) True B) False

A) True

After a hyperextension injury, palpler anteior joint pain, A) anterior capsulitis B) arterial impairment C) collateral ligament damage D) ulnar nerve compression

A) anterior capsulitis

Each of the following mechanisms can lead to common extensor tendinitis EXCEPT A) eccentric loading of the flexor muscles B) excessive use of a curve ball C) impact forces D) use of power grips

A) eccentric loading of the flexor muscles

Valgus stress forces frequently lead to A) flexor-pronator muscle strain B) extensor-supinator muscle strain C) radial collateral ligament injury D) anterior capsulitis

A) flexor-pronator muscle strain

If resisted wrist extension is applied to an athlete's hand with the forearm pronated and elbow flexed at 45 degrees, what test is being performed? A) capsular pain test B) common extensor tendinitis test C) Thomas test NOT C D) Tinel's test

A,B,D

True or False? Anterior joint pain caused by hyperextension is more commonly attributed to chronic repetitive throwing than to acute anterior capsulitis. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? If the median nerve is damaged in a forearm fracture, the individual will have tingling or numbness on the dorsum of the hand and fingers. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? In an elbow dislocation, the radial collateral ligament is usually ruptured, and there may be an associated fracture of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The carrying angle is so-named because it causes the forearm to angle toward the body when a load is carried in the hand. A) True B) False

B) False

The angle between the longitudinal axes of the humerus and the ulna when the arm is in anatomical position is known as the A) axial angle B) carrying angle C) humeroulnar angle D) supinated angle

B) carrying angle

_____ are commonly used in racquet sports to reduce muscle tensile forces that can lead to medial or lateral epicondylitis. A) neoprene sleeves B) counterforce braces C) forearm splints D) compression wraps Save

B) counterforce braces

The brachial artery can be palpated A) on the posterior surface of the elbow B) on the anterior surface of the elbow C) on the anterior surface of the wrist D) on the posterior surface of the wrist Save

B) on the anterior surface of the elbow

Recurrent elbow dislocations are usually due to instability that results from disruption of the A) annular ligament B) ulnar collateral ligament C) wrist extensors and forearm supinators D) radial collateral ligament

B) ulnar collateral ligament

Which of the following structures lie within the cubital fossa? A) median nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and brachioradialis NOT A B) musculocutaneous nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve C) radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve D) ulnar nerve, triceps tendon, olecranon bursa and fat pad

B,C,D

The carrying angle ranges from _____ in adults A) 0 to 5 degrees B) 5 to 10 degrees C) 10 to 15 degrees D) 15 to 20 degrees

C) 10 to 15 degrees

Following a diagnosis of moderate medial epicondylitis, throwing or overhead motions should be avoided for what length of time postinjury? A) can begin immediately B) 1 to 2 weeks C) 3 to 4 weeks D) 6 to 12 weeks

D) 6 to 12 weeks

Most elbow dislocations occur from axial loading when falling on an outstretched hand, which results in the ulna and radius dislocating A) anteriorly B) laterally C) medially D) posteriorly

D) posteriorly

Medial epicondylitis is often caused by A) bending B) compression C) shear D) tension

D) tension

True or False? A Type II fracture of the radial head is a displaced fracture. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? A positive "coffee cup" test could be indicative of lateral epicondylitis. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Elbow dislocations occur more commonly in individuals younger than 20, with a peak incidence in late adolescence. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? In an extended position, the olecranon process and the two epicondyles form a straight line. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Palpation of the annular ligament and head of the radius can be facilitated by supination and pronation of the forearm. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Resisted wrist extension and radial deviation are used to test for common extensor tendinitis. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? The closed-packed position of the humeroradial joint is with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees and the forearm supinated about 5 degrees. A) True B) False

A) True

The mechanism of injury for an ulnar dislocation is A) hyperextension B) sudden, violent unidirectional varus force C) longitudinal traction D) hyperflexion

A) hyperextension

Acute anterior capsulitis is often a result of A) hyperextension injury B) chronic repetitive throwing C) valgus force D) direct trauma

A) hyperextension injury

The _____ nerve provides motor supply to the flexor muscles of the anterior arm and sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm. A) musculocutaneous B) median C) radial D) ulnar

A) musculocutaneous

When an elbow is dislocated, the arm is frequently held in what position? A) slightly flexed with the forearm appearing shortened B) extended with the forearm pronated C) slightly flexed with the forearm pronated D) slightly flexed with the forearm supinated

A) slightly flexed with the forearm appearing shortened

Irritation of the radioulnar syndesmosis is associated with A) pronator syndrome B) wrist drop NOT B C) forearm splints D) compression syndrome

A,C,D

True or False? The normal ROM for supination of the forearm is 45 degrees. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The pinch grip test is used to assess the integrity of the ulnar nerve. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The primary pronator muscle is the pronator teres, which attaches to the proximal radius. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Varus stress, coupled with an extension overload in the deceleration and follow-through phase of the throwing motion can impinge on the radial nerve as it courses through the supinator muscle. A) True B) False

B) False

A positive valgus stress test at 15 to 20 degrees of elbow flexion often indicates A) tear to the radial collateral ligament NOT A B) tear to the ulnar collateral ligament C) tear to the pronators D) tear to the biceps brachii

B,C,D

During pronator syndrome, the _____ nerve is entrapped by the pronator teres, leading to pain on activities involving pronation. A) radial NOT A B) musculocutaneous C) ulnar D) brachial

B,C,D

If an athlete complains of burning, tingling, or paresthesia to the fourth and fifth fingers, what structure may be damaged? A) flexor digiti minimi NOT A B) interosseous muscles C) median nerve D) ulnar nerve Save

B,C,D

Management for a forearm compartment syndrome is I. application of ice II. application of external compression III.immobilization of the forearm and wrist IV. immediate referral to a physician Question 7 options: A) I,II, II, and IV NOT A B) I, II, and III C) II and IV D) I, III, and IV

B,C,D

Which of the following conditions should be considered when evaluating an athlete who has received a direct blow to the posterior elbow? I) triceps tendon strain II) olecranon bursa injury III) ulnar nerve contusion IV) brachialis weakness V) musculocutaneous nerve contusion A) II and V NOT A B) II and III C) I and III D) III and IV

B,C,D

Which of the following is a cause of nonseptic bursitis A) paronchyia NOT A B) crystalline deposition disease C) cellulitis of the hand D) forearm infection

B,C,D