Chapter 16-17 WHAP

What region in the Americas was claimed by Portugal? Select one: a. Brazil b. Bermuda c. Peru d. Mexico e. Panama

a. Brazil

In what year did Spanish settlement of the American mainland begin? Select one: a. 1509 b. 1492 c. 1610 d. 1607 e. 1588

a. 1509

Which of the following civilizations was fully part of the global trading network in the 16th century? Select one: a. China b. Ottoman Empire c. Safavid Persia d. Mughal empire e. Russia

a. China

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between Asian civilizations and the world commercial network of the 16th and 17th centuries is NOT accurate? Select one: a. China was able, thanks to the existence of its coastal navy, to prevent the establishment of European ports. b. China depended on extensive government regulation to keep European activities in check. c. Most of the silver mined and exported by the Spanish ended up in China in order for the Spanish to purchase Chinese manufactured goods. d. Asian civilizations had ample political strength and economic sophistication to avoid dependent status. e. East Asia constituted the civilization that remained most fully and consciously external to the world economy.

a. China was able, thanks to the existence of its coastal navy, to prevent the establishment of European ports.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the reason Luther picked up widespread support among the German elite? Select one: a. German princes who turned Protestant could increase their independence from the emperor, seize church lands, and control the church in their territories. b. Luther proposed moving the papacy from Rome to Germany. c. Luther was seen as anti-Muslim and many German princes saw a way to expand their power into eastern Europe. d. Luther proposed that indulgences should be collected by the Holy Roman emperor instead of the pope. e. Luther's support for a more centralized German government under the control of the Holy Roman emperor struck a responsive chord in German nationalism.

a. German princes who turned Protestant could increase their independence from the emperor, seize church lands, and control the church in their territories.

Which of the following Western trade goods was of most interest to the Japanese? Select one: a. Gunnery b. Woolen cloth c. Porcelain d. Cotton cloth e. Glassware

a. Gunnery

Which of the following statements concerning Italian humanism is most accurate? Select one: a. Humanists focused on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor. b. Humanists rejected scientific explanations in favor of spiritual ones. c. Humanists de-emphasized the corporate and communal aspects of human society. d. Humanists attacked Christianity as rife with superstition and witchcraft. e. Humanists carved out new literary styles without reference to classical or medieval models.

a. Humanists focused on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor.

Which of the following was NOT a basic principle of the Enlightenment? Select one: a. If people were not controlled, general social decline was inevitable. b. Humans behave according to natural laws based on reason. c. Human beings are naturally good and can be educated to do better. d. Religions that relied on faith or refused to tolerate diversity were wrong. e. Society's goals should center on improvements in material and social life.

a. If people were not controlled, general social decline was inevitable.

The monarch most associated with absolute monarchy was Select one: a. Louis XIV of France. b. William of Orange of the Netherlands. c. Charles I of England. d. Joseph II of Austria. e. Frederick William of Prussia.

a. Louis XIV of France.

Which of the following reasons suggests why common people supported the Lutheran Reformation? Select one: a. Lutheranism sanctioned money-making and other earthly pursuits more wholeheartedly than did traditional Catholicism. b. Luther advocated redistribution of land and property throughout Germany. c. Luther advocated the overthrow of the authority of the German princes. d. Luther supported the Peasant Revolt that broke out throughout Germany. e. Luther's reforms meant that indulgences and other ecclesiastical means of salvation would become less expensive and more readily available to the poor.

a. Lutheranism sanctioned money-making and other earthly pursuits more wholeheartedly than did traditional Catholicism.

Who is generally credited with initiating the Protestant Reformation in 1517? Select one: a. Martin Luther b. Johann Eck c. Jean Calvin d. Ignatius Loyola e. Henry VIII

a. Martin Luther

How did agriculture change in the late 17th century? Select one: a. New technology and better stock-breeding methods resulted in higher productivity. b. The practice of fallowing was introduced to restore fertility of fields. c. Western Europe continued to rely largely on the methods and techniques characteristic of the Middle Ages. d. More people worked on farms than ever before due to the higher wages being paid. e. Tomatoes were introduced from the Americas and rapidly became a major food source in western Europe.

a. New technology and better stock-breeding methods resulted in higher productivity.

What was Isaac Newton's work published in 1687 that drew various theories together into a framework of natural laws? Select one: a. Principia Mathematica b. Ars Mystica c. Analogica Pedagogica d. Analects e. Novum Organum

a. Principia Mathematica

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a change in popular mentality as a result of the Protestant Reformation? Select one: a. Protestants and Catholics considered the family in more positive terms, not simply as an institution necessary because of human lust. b. Protestants tended to believe what church authorities told them whereas Catholics began to question church doctrines. c. Protestant churches, as physical structures, were more closely connected to market activities in the cities, encouraging the idea that religion and daily life were related. d. Protestants were more likely to credit miracles or divine interruptions in nature's course. e. Religious change tended to discourage the growth of literacy in the era following the Protestant Reformation

a. Protestants and Catholics considered the family in more positive terms, not simply as an institution necessary because of human lust.

Besides France, where else did absolute monarchy develop during the period 1450 to 1750? Select one: a. Prussia b. Poland c. The Netherlands d. Britain e. Italy

a. Prussia

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of manufacturing in the later 18th century? Select one: a. The 18th century witnessed a rapid spread of household production of textiles and metal products, mostly by rural workers who alternated manufacturing with some agriculture. b. The factory system was well established since the commercial revolution of the 16th century and continued to develop during this period. c. The lack of new technology caused a bottleneck in the manufacturing processes and led to stagnation in European productivity. d. Large scale mass production was begun in places like France and Germany. e. By the 18th century the economic growth typical of the 16th century had halted, and manufacturing suffered from the withdrawal of capital.

a. The 18th century witnessed a rapid spread of household production of textiles and metal products, mostly by rural workers who alternated manufacturing with some agriculture.

Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT accurate? Select one: a. The Renaissance failed to develop any new ideas concerning political organization. b. The Renaissance challenged medieval intellectual values and styles. c. The Renaissance was built on a more commercialized economy. d. The Renaissance was largely an artistic movement that began in Italy. e. The Renaissance had a southern and northern phase.

a. The Renaissance failed to develop any new ideas concerning political organization.

Which of the following represents an impact on western Europe from the development of colonies? Select one: a. The use of colonially produced sugar spread widely in Europe. b. Colonialism had limited impact on Europe due to the policy of natives selling free-access goods. c. The development of colonies hastened the growth of centralized governments and destroyed the growth of the merchant class in western Europe. d. Colonial development resulted in a greater sense of cooperation among European nations. e. The decline of the Catholic church and its power resulted from many Europeans moving to the colonies.

a. The use of colonially produced sugar spread widely in Europe.

What was the purpose of the early English voyages to North America? Select one: a. To discover an Arctic route to China b. To convert natives to Catholicism c. To drive the Spanish from the Americas d. To create a fortified port and trading region e. To establish colonies

a. To discover an Arctic route to China

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the view of Deists? Select one: a. While there may be a divinity, its role is only to set natural laws in motion. b. God establishes governments on Earth, and kings are his instruments. c. The authority of the church is paramount, and all political power is derived from divine sanction. d. God can be found in all elements of creation, whether plant, animal, or mineral. e. The institutional church has failed Western society, and it is necessary for the reestablishment of the church through new institutions founded by the state.

a. While there may be a divinity, its role is only to set natural laws in motion.

In Asia, significant conversion to Christianity Select one: a. occurred only in the northern Philippines. b. was limited to the Dutch holding in Indonesia. c. happened wherever the Westerners were able to establish colonies. d. failed to occur anywhere. e. occurred in Korea.

a. occurred only in the northern Philippines.

What determined the age of marriage for many people in Europe? Select one: a. The approval of the church b. Access to real property c. Local traditions d. Securing license to marry from the government e. The occupation of the husband

b. Access to real property

Why did the southern colonies of the Atlantic seaboard win importance before those farther north? Select one: a. Gold was discovered within the southern colonies of the Atlantic seaboard. b. Cultivation of cash crops produced by coercive labor emerged there. c. The need to defend the southern colonies against Spanish settlers. d. The harsh climate of the northern colonies left those regions virtually unsettled. e. Only the southern colonies were able to eliminate the native Indian population.

b. Cultivation of cash crops produced by coercive labor emerged there.

In what way were the early Dutch and British exploration and trade projects different from those of the Iberian nations? Select one: a. The expeditions of Spain and Portugal did not enjoy government support. b. Dutch and British exploration owed much to private initiative of merchant groups and the formation of chartered trading companies. c. The Dutch and British operated joint explorations in the names of both governments while Portugal and Spain competed in the competition for conquest. d. The Dutch and British projects were financed with banking capital from Italy and the Florentines. e. Dutch and British exploratory expeditions were independent of their respective governments.

b. Dutch and British exploration owed much to private initiative of merchant groups and the formation of chartered trading companies.

The aftermath of the Scientific Revolution spilled over into a new intellectual movement in the 18th century called the Select one: a. Great Awakening. b. Enlightenment. c. Renaissance. d. Risorgimento. e. Baroque Era.

b. Enlightenment.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of the development of core-dependent economic zones on state formation? Select one: a. No state government benefited from the creation of core-dependent zones. Neither core regions nor colonies were able to develop strong, centralized governments. b. Forced labor and European influence tended to generate weak governments in dependent regions, while increased trade revenues tended to generate increasing government strength in core states. c. While the profits of global trade tended to strengthen the governments of core regions, the creation of colonies extended powerful governments to dependent zones as well. d. Dependent regions and their governments grew stronger in response to the European threat. e. The efforts of international trade tended to enrich private commercial interests but weaken core governments who were unable to tap the wealth. Dependent zone governments, based on company organization, tended to be strong.

b. Forced labor and European influence tended to generate weak governments in dependent regions, while increased trade revenues tended to generate increasing government strength in core states.

A Spanish-led fleet defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1571 at the battle of Select one: a. Nicaea. b. Lepanto. c. the Sargasso Sea. d. Civitate. e. Cyprus.

b. Lepanto.

Which of the following descriptions most accurately defines mercantilism? Select one: a. Mercantilism was an economic philosophy that argued that natural laws would determine the flow of goods according to supply and demand. b. Mercantilism held that government should promote the internal economy in order to improve tax revenues and to limit imports from other nations. c. Mercantilism is the idea that all trade should be international and free of any restraints. d. Mercantilism was a scientific theory that attempted to limit the growing dominance of merchants within society. e. Mercantilism argued that the money supply should be freed from the supply of bullion and based instead on the flow of goods within regional markets.

b. Mercantilism held that government should promote the internal economy in order to improve tax revenues and to limit imports from other nations.

Despite Japan's official policy of isolation, the Dutch were able to gain special access to the port of Select one: a. Osaka. b. Nagasaki. c. Yokohama. d. Nissei. e. Kyoto.

b. Nagasaki.

Which of the following was NOT a religious proposition advanced by Martin Luther? Select one: a. Only faith could gain salvation. b. Priests should practice celibacy. c. People should read the Bible in their own language. d. Sale of indulgence, or grants of salvation, for money was wrong. e. Monasticism was wrong.

b. Priests should practice celibacy.

Which of the following states fell back from European ascendancy following the religious wars? Select one: a. The Netherlands b. Spain c. Britain d. France e. Italy

b. Spain

Why did the initiative in early conquest and exploration pass to northern European nations in the later 16th century? Select one: a. Spain and Portugal were defeated in a critical war with the Ottoman Empire. b. The Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels, producing faster ships than their Catholic rivals. c. The Spanish defeat of the English Armada cut England off from further advances in Europe and forced English attention to foreign conquest. d. Famine and disease disastrously reduced the population of the Iberian peninsula after 1588. e. Conquered nations rose up against Spain and Portugal, requiring large forces to suppress them.

b. The Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels, producing faster ships than their Catholic rivals.

Which of the following areas was NOT successfully defended by the Catholic Reformation? Select one: a. Hungary b. The Netherlands c. Southern Europe d. Iberia e. Poland

b. The Netherlands

What was the impact of the introduction of American crops into Europe? Select one: a. Fungi introduced to Europe along with American crops led to a severe decline in agricultural productivity. b. The introduction of corn and the potato led to major population growth in Europe. c. Although American crops were introduced around the world by European traders, they were not adopted in Europe itself. d. Most Europeans rejected the new foods as uncivilized and began to import rice from China. e. Plantation agriculture fueled by slave labor became the norm in European agricultural systems.

b. The introduction of corn and the potato led to major population growth in Europe.

Which of the following statements concerning mid-18th-century Western society is most accurate? Select one: a. Most people believed that population growth was self-regulating due to the occurrence of famines. b. As a result of the Enlightenment, established churches no longer were forces to be reckoned with in Western society. c. Agricultural changes, commercialism, and manufacturing had combined to produce a rapidly growing population in the West. d. Radical changes in the nature of government resulted in the creation of essentially new political forms. e. The spread of domestic manufacturing destroyed the traditional habits and family patterns of earlier Europe.

c. Agricultural changes, commercialism, and manufacturing had combined to produce a rapidly growing population in the West.

What was the church established by Henry VIII in England? Select one: a. Lutheran b. Baptist c. Anglican d. Calvinism e. Jesuit

c. Anglican

Which of the following regions was NOT part of the Spanish colonial empire? Select one: a. Mexico b. Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico c. Brazil d. Panama e. Hispaniola

c. Brazil

What Italian captain sailing for the monarchs of Spain reached the Americas in 1492? Select one: a. Dante Alighieri b. Bartolomeo Dias c. Christopher Columbus d. Amerigo Vespucci e. Ferdinand Magellan

c. Christopher Columbus

Who used astronomical observation and mathematical calculation to disprove the Hellenistic belief that the Earth was the center of the universe? Select one: a. Francis Bacon b. Vesalius c. Copernicus d. Isaac Newton e. Galileo

c. Copernicus

In which of the following colonies did a deeper appreciation of Western institutions and values take place? Select one: a. Brazil b. Spanish Latin America c. French and British colonies of North America d. India e. Macao

c. French and British colonies of North America

Which of the following was NOT a technological improvement introduced during the 15th century in the West? Select one: a. Gunpowder adapted to gunnery b. Use of the compass for navigation c. Lateen sails d. Moveable type e. Deep-draft, round-hulled ships

c. Lateen sails

What economic policy encouraged the development of colonies, particularly by northern Europe countries? Select one: a. Boycotts b. Communism c. Mercantilism d. Socialism e. Free trade

c. Mercantilism

Which of the following was NOT a crop imported into Europe as a result of the "Colombian Exchange"? Select one: a. Squash b. Tobacco c. Millet d. Corn e. Potatoes

c. Millet

Which of the following changes associated with treatment of children was associated with the Enlightenment? Select one: a. Physical discipline of children to encourage their development became more common. b. Childhood became a period of time where the labor of the children was freely available to the family. c. Parents became more interested in freer movement and greater interaction for young children. d. Swaddling of infants continued as a means of protecting infants from injury. e. Childhood was no longer perceived as a stage for learning and growth.

c. Parents became more interested in freer movement and greater interaction for young children.

What land was claimed for Spain as the result of Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe beginning in 1519? Select one: a. Macao b. New Zealand c. Philippines d. Australia e. Chile

c. Philippines

Which of the following was NOT typical of the commercial revolution of the 16th century? Select one: a. New goods became available b. Substantial imports of American bullion c. Significant reduction in prices encouraging consumer spending d. Formation of great trading companies e. Stimulation of manufacturing

c. Significant reduction in prices encouraging consumer spending

Which of the following statements best accounts for the Spanish failure to hold a position of dominance in world trade? Select one: a. Spain exported more finished goods than it imported due to the high quality of its artisans and craftsmen. b. The Catholic church that dominated Spanish society argued against the establishment of a commercial mentality in Spain. c. Spain's internal economy and banking system were not sufficient to accommodate the bullion from the new world and lacked significant manufacturing capability. d. Spain's interests were increasingly directed toward the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. e. The Spanish withdrew voluntarily from the race for world trade dominance and established a policy of international isolation.

c. Spain's internal economy and banking system were not sufficient to accommodate the bullion from the new world and lacked significant manufacturing capability.

Which of the following regions were dependents to the core zone of the global trade network? Select one: a. England b. Holland c. Sub-Saharan Africa d. Spain e. France

c. Sub-Saharan Africa

Which of the following was one of the first new areas brought into the global commercial network after 1450? Select one: a. Ming China b. Eastern Africa c. The Americas d. Scandinavia e. Asia Minor

c. The Americas

What region of the world became the dominant culture in the period after 1450? Select one: a. China b. The Islamic Middle East c. The West d. Africa e. Central Asia

c. The West

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Thirty Years War? Select one: a. The population of the German territories was reduced by almost 60 percent. b. The treaty that ended the war granted political independence to the Protestant Netherlands. c. The treaty that ended the war established Spain as the principal power of western Europe. d. It reduced German prosperity and power for a full century. e. The war established the principle of territorial toleration.

c. The treaty that ended the war established Spain as the principal power of western Europe.

Dependence in the world economy and the consequent need to produce unprocessed goods cheaply led to the development of ________ labor systems. Select one: a. independent b. free c. coercive d. socialist e. dependant

c. coercive

The Edict of Nantes, issued in France in 1598, Select one: a. established Calvinism as the state religion of France. b. declared war against the Lutheran princes of Germany. c. granted tolerance to Protestants and helped end the French civil wars of religion. d. decreed the abolition of Protestantism in France. e. led to the Thirty Years War between France and Sweden.

c. granted tolerance to Protestants and helped end the French civil wars of religion.

The most important Dutch colony in Africa was located on Select one: a. Zanzibar. b. the island of Ceylon. c. the Cape of Good Hope. d. Madagascar. e. Mozambique.

c. the Cape of Good Hope.

All of the following were typical of 16th century absolute monarchy EXCEPT Select one: a. the cessation of parliamentary government. b. a professionalized army. c. the destruction of provincial councils. d. constant warfare among monarchs. e. a growing bureaucracy.

c. the destruction of provincial councils.

The first Portuguese fleet rounded the Cape of Good Hope in Select one: a. 1519. b. 1354. c. 1291. d. 1488. e. 1433.

d. 1488.

The British East India Company through negotiation with local Mughal princes gained a station at Select one: a. Delhi. b. Goa. c. Ceylon. d. Calcutta. e. Constantinople.

d. Calcutta.

In which of the following regions was European settlement a significant factor in the establishment of colonies? Select one: a. West Indies b. Arabia c. Indonesia d. Dutch South Africa e. China

d. Dutch South Africa

Which of the following accounts in part for the decline of the Italian Renaissance circa 1500? Select one: a. Much of Italy was conquered by the Ottoman Turks after the battle of Lepanto. b. Routes through Russia to the East undercut the Italian monopoly of trade. c. The creation of a single nation-state in northern Italy sapped the vitality of artistic patronage. d. French and Spanish monarchs invaded the peninsula, cutting down on political independence. e. Atlantic trade routes increased the importance of Italian cities and their role in the slave trade.

d. French and Spanish monarchs invaded the peninsula, cutting down on political independence.

Which of the following was NOT a participant in the 15th-century Italian Renaissance? Select one: a. Michelangelo b. Niccolo Machiavelli c. Donatello d. Giotto e. Leonardo da Vinci

d. Giotto

How was the global trade network of the 15th century different from that of previous eras? Select one: a. Trade prior to the 15th century was limited to the Eastern Hemisphere as a result of the military dominance of Eastern nations. b. There was no significant trade between civilizations prior to the 15th century. c. Trade was controlled by the Chinese due to their naval presence in the Indian Ocean. d. In previous eras, most attention was given to the development of regional economies and cultural zones, rather than a global network. e. Trade in previous eras was almost entirely in the hands of the West as a result of overwhelming advantages in technology

d. In previous eras, most attention was given to the development of regional economies and cultural zones, rather than a global network.

What was one of the primary differences between the Northern and Italian Renaissances? Select one: a. The Northern Renaissance occurred a century earlier than the Italian Renaissance. b. Northern kings did not become patrons of the arts. c. There were no major literary figures in the Northern Renaissance. d. Northern humanists focused more on religion than their Italian counterparts. e. The Northern Renaissance did not make use of the classical languages typical of the Italian Renaissance.

d. Northern humanists focused more on religion than their Italian counterparts.

Where was the first Spanish colony on the American mainland? Select one: a. Florida b. California c. Mexico d. Panama e. Peru

d. Panama

The initiative for Western exploration and conquest came from the kingdom of Select one: a. France. b. Venice. c. Spain. d. Portugal. e. Sicily.

d. Portugal.

Which of the following areas of trade was NOT dominated by the West after the establishment of a global trading network in the 17th century? Select one: a. The Pacific b. The Caribbean c. The Mediterranean d. The Indian Ocean e. The Atlantic

d. The Indian Ocean

Which of the following was NOT an impact of the Renaissance on politics and commerce? Select one: a. City-state leaders experimented with new political forms and functions and justified their authority on the basis of what they could do to advance the general well-being. b. They experimented with new political forms that did not stress heredity or divine guidance. c. Renaissance merchants improved banking techniques and became more capitalist. d. Under humanist influence, wars among Italian city-states became less frequent and violent. e. The city-states introduced the regular exchange of ambassadors and the exercise of diplomacy.

d. Under humanist influence, wars among Italian city-states became less frequent and violent.

In characterizing the period from 1450 to 1750 in the West, which of the following statements is NOT accurate? Select one: a. Science came to form the centerpiece of Western intellectual life. b. Government powers had expanded as nation-states began to evolve. c. The popular outlook, including ideas about personality and family as well as concepts of nature, had shifted. d. What was once an agricultural society had become a predominantly manufacturing economy. e. The idea of Christian unity started to decline, which led to religious wars.

d. What was once an agricultural society had become a predominantly manufacturing economy.

The theological foundation of Jean Calvin's Protestantism was Select one: a. iconodulism. b. the sacraments. c. the doctrine of penance. d. predestination. e. solipsism.

d. predestination.

Inflation and commercialization in the West produced a group of people without access to producing property called the Select one: a. bourgeoisie. b. gentry. c. sans culottes. d. provenςales. e. proletariat.

e. proletariat.

By the 16th century, at what age did most Europeans marry? Select one: a. 20-22 b. 23-24 c. 25-27 d. 16-19 e. 28-29

e. 28-29

Which of the following was a Western response to the commercial revolution of the 16th century that was proletarian in outlook? Select one: a. Greater belief in personal achievement and the demystification of nature b. A more elaborate family life including greater material wealth c. A more caring attitude toward the problems of the poor d. Greater admiration for the merchant class and the Catholic church e. A wave of popular protests resulting in uprisings caused by social tensions

e. A wave of popular protests resulting in uprisings caused by social tensions

Which of the following states stood apart from the trend toward absolute monarchy in the 17th century and retained a parliamentary regime? Select one: a. Denmark b. Austria-Hungary c. France d. Spain e. Britain

e. Britain

What was the political impact of Calvinism? Select one: a. Calvinist doctrine held that kings should appoint bishops and local priests. b. Due to the location of the center of Calvinism in Switzerland, most governments that accepted the new religion were city-states. c. Because of the insistence of Calvinism of the acceptance of a single ecclesiastical authority, Calvinism spread rapidly among the absolute monarchies. d. Calvinism was regarded as so potentially revolutionary that it failed to find a foothold outside of Germany. e. Calvinists sought the participation of all believers in church administration, which encouraged the idea of a wider access to government.

e. Calvinists sought the participation of all believers in church administration, which encouraged the idea of a wider access to government.

What monarch is associated with the establishment of enlightened despotism in Prussia in the middle of the 18th century? Select one: a. William III b. Charles VI c. Joseph II d. Maria Teresa e. Frederick the Great

e. Frederick the Great

As part of the "Colombian Exchange," which of the following was a European contribution to the Americas? Select one: a. Potatoes b. Raw materials c. Bullion d. Corn e. Horses

e. Horses

What new religious order was associated with the Catholic Reformation? Select one: a. Calvinists b. Cistercians c. Franciscans d. Benedictines e. Jesuits

e. Jesuits

What was the European-style family pattern that emerged in the 15th century? Select one: a. Nuclear families, early marriage ages b. Extended families, marriage optional c. Extended families, early marriage ages d. Extended families, late marriage ages e. Nuclear families, late marriage ages

e. Nuclear families, late marriage ages

What is the most accepted figure for the percentage of the population of American Indians who died following the European colonization? Select one: a. Over 25 percent b. Less than 10 percent c. Over 15 percent d. Over 33 percent e. Over 50 percent

e. Over 50 percent

What noble was responsible for initiating a series of expeditions along the African coast and outward to the Azores in the 15th century? Select one: a. Prince Henry of England b. Cardinal Mazarin, regent of France c. Duke of Saxony d. Hugh Dupuy, Count Marechal e. Prince Henry the Navigator

e. Prince Henry the Navigator

Which of the following lists the major developments of Western civilization in proper sequence? Select one: a. Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, absolute monarchy, Enlightenment b. Absolute monarchy, Renaissance, Enlightenment, Protestant Reformation c. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment, absolute monarchy d. Absolute monarchy, Enlightenment, Protestant Reformation, Renaissance e. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, absolute monarchy, Enlightenment

e. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, absolute monarchy, Enlightenment

The British were able to oust the French from Canada following the Select one: a. battle of Manzikert. b. Sepoy rebellion. c. Taipei rebellion. d. Battle of Algiers. e. Seven Years War.

e. Seven Years War.

In what region of the world did the Dutch challenge the Portuguese for commercial dominance? Select one: a. Brazil b. Scandinavia c. Mesoamerica d. India e. Southeast Asia

e. Southeast Asia

What British commercial institution ruled India for much of the 18th century? Select one: a. The Raj Trading Company b. The Calcutta and Madras Limited c. The British Tea and Spice Company d. Lloyd's Bank e. The British East India Company

e. The British East India Company

How did the Western view of science compare with that of other civilizations? Select one: a. In the West, science was seen as separate from religion leading to a more religious outlook in the long run. b. In China, science was based on practical, empirical advances. c. The West was the only civilization to develop scientific and technological expertise. d. Islam remained vastly ahead of the West in terms of scientific knowledge, despite the clear advances made during the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. e. The West was not alone in developing crucial scientific data, but its thinkers were the only ones to see science in broader philosophical terms as central to intellectual life.

e. The West was not alone in developing crucial scientific data, but its thinkers were the only ones to see science in broader philosophical terms as central to intellectual life.

John Harvey was responsible for what discovery during the Scientific Revolution Select one: a. The mathematical formulae for gravity b. The mathematical calculus c. Oxygen and its role in breathing d. Radiation of heat by fire and the sun e. The circular movement of blood in animals

e. The circular movement of blood in animals

The captain of the first Portuguese fleet to reach India was Select one: a. Ferdinand Magellan. b. Amerigo Vespucci. c. Panfilo de Narvaez. d. Christopher Columbus. e. Vasco da Gama.

e. Vasco da Gama.

What was the nature of the trade between eastern and western Europe in the 17th century? Select one: a. Eastern Europe emerged as a powerful challenger to Western domination of the global commercial network. b. Eastern and western Europe remained economically isolated, as Russia, Poland, and Prussia extended their trade relationships with the Ottoman Empire. c. The inability of eastern Europe to produce anything of value to the West frustrated attempts to establish trading connections between the two halves of Europe. d. Eastern Europe provided a trade route for Asian goods because of the role Moscow played as a trade nexus. e. Western Europe imported grain in increasing amounts from eastern Europe in return for art objects and manufactured goods.

e. Western Europe imported grain in increasing amounts from eastern Europe in return for art objects and manufactured goods.

The religious wars that followed the Protestant Reformation led generally to Select one: a. the end of the involvement of the state in religion. b. the establishment of Protestant dominance. c. the restoration of Catholic unity. d. a monolithic Protestantism in Europe. e. a limited acceptance of the idea of religious pluralism.

e. a limited acceptance of the idea of religious pluralism.

By 1750, the strands of commercial, cultural, and political changes in Europe had combined to create Select one: a. proof of the innate superiority of Western civilization. b. rapid adaptation not found in other civilizations. c. a truly socialistic society based on Marxian principles. d. an unstable political environment that would eventually regress backwards. e. an unusual version of an agricultural civilization.

e. an unusual version of an agricultural civilization.

The dominant commercial nations of northern Europe made up the ________ zone of the world economy. Select one: a. free trade b. dependent c. negative trade d. peripheral e. core

e. core

Adam Smith's economic theory advocated Select one: a. the institution of state-controlled guilds to fix standards of production and wages. b. government intervention in order to control the flow of bullion through extensive tariff systems. c. that governments should allocate labor and capital whenever they engaged in warfare. d. the use of a controlled money supply as a means of limiting inflation. e. that governments avoid regulation in favor of the operation of individual initiative and market forces.

e. that governments avoid regulation in favor of the operation of individual initiative and market forces.

In 1733, John Kay of England introduced Select one: a. the potato to European agriculture. b. double-entry bookkeeping to western Europe. c. the steam engine. d. the cotton gin. e. the flying shuttle to automate weaving.

e. the flying shuttle to automate weaving.

Johannes Gutenberg was responsible for Select one: a. the defeat of the Catholic forces during the Thirty Years War. b. the unification of the Holy Roman Empire in 1537. c. the split that occurred in the Catholic church in the late 1500s. d. the construction of Wittenberg cathedral during the 15th century. e. the invention of movable type in the West.

e. the invention of movable type in the West.