Chapter 16

7) The percentage of cells in blood-producing tissues that become white blood cells is about ________%. A) 90 B) 10 C) 50 D) 25 E) 75

E) 75

68) The condition where the skin and the whites of the eyes appear slightly yellow is due to high blood levels of the substance ________.

bilirubin

58) Plasma consists of blood minus ________ and ________.

cells, platelets

61) Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

colony-stimulating factors

65) The hormone that regulates the production of red blood cells is ________.

erythropoietin

71) The dissolution of fibrin by plasmin is known as ________.

fibrinolysis

59) Active bone marrow is red because of the presence of ________ whereas inactive marrow is ________ because of an abundance of adipocytes.

hemoglobin, yellow

63) The term used for a cytokine that is released by one white blood cell that acts on another is ________.

interleukin

67) The condition where the skin and the whites of the eyes appear slightly yellow is called ________.

jaundice

70) In hemostasis, vasoconstriction is rapidly followed by mechanical blockage of the hole by a ________.

platelet plug

62) In healthy adults, blood cell production occurs only in the ________.

red bone marrow

64) The growth and maturation of megakaryocytes is regulated by the glycoprotein ________.

thrombopoietin (TPO)

69) Plasminogen is activated by an enzyme called ________.

tissue plasminogen activator

66) The carrier protein that transports absorbed iron through the blood is ________.

transferrin

18) Diseases that involve the presence of too many white blood cells have been identified as well as diseases that involve too few white blood cells. A) True B) False

A) True

24) The function of hemoglobin is to A) carry oxygen. B) protect the body against infectious agents. C) aid in the process of blood clotting. D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells. E) All of the answers are correct.

A) carry oxygen.

42) Tissue factor is released in the A) extrinsic pathway. B) intrinsic pathway. C) common pathway. D) retraction pathway. E) fibrinolytic pathway.

A) extrinsic pathway.

82) Meghan thinks she has an abscessed tooth (a bacterial infection). If she does, what type of white blood cell would you expect to see in elevated numbers in a differential count? A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes

A) neutrophils

6) The cell that is the progenitor of all the types of blood cells is called the A) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. B) committed progenitor cell. C) megakaryocyte. D) reticulocyte. E) progenitor.

A) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.

27) Under normal circumstances, aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the A) spleen. B) yellow bone marrow. C) kidneys. D) digestive tract. E) thymus gland.

A) spleen.

39) The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium. D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

B) activation of proenzyme exposed to collagen.

35) Which of the following are the two anticoagulants produced by the body? A) heparin and plasmin B) antithrombin III and heparin C) antithrombin III and plasmin D) tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin E) protacyclin and heparin

B) antithrombin III and heparin

4) Mast cells in tissues are considered to be a type of A) eosinophil. B) basophil. C) lymphocyte. D) monocyte. E) neutrophil.

B) basophil.

78) The usual treatment for neonatal jaundice is exposing the infant to certain wavelengths of light. The infant wears only a diaper and undergoes the light treatment continuously for several days, even at night. Why can the infant's treatment then be discontinued? A) because light treatment stimulates liver growth B) because the transition between fetal hemoglobin to adult is complete C) because the light generates additional RBCs D) because the digestive tract is then large enough to secrete bile E) All of the answers are correct.

B) because the transition between fetal hemoglobin to adult is complete

32) Excess iron in the body is A) stored in bones. B) eliminated in the feces. C) stored in fatty tissues. D) found in white blood cells. E) All of the answers are correct.

B) eliminated in the feces.

15) The primary organ where erythropoietin is produced is the A) liver. B) kidney. C) spleen. D) bone marrow. E) endothelial cells throughout the body.

B) kidney.

29) Red blood cell production increases when A) oxygen levels in the blood increase. B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease. C) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase. D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. E) protein levels in the blood increase.

B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease.

10) ________ are a group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and development of white blood cells, and ________ are diseases where patients have too few white blood cells. A) Neutropenias, leukemias B) Anemias, leukemias C) Neutropenias, anemias D) Leukemias, neutropenias E) Leukemias, anemias

D) Leukemias, neutropenias

40) The common pathway of coagulation begins with the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium. D) activating of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin. E) activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

D) activating of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin.

26) A normal adult hematocrit would be approximately ________%. A) 100 B) 75 C) 66 D) 45 E) 10

D) 45

60) Blood is approximately ________% plasma by volume.

55

80) Persons who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional factor VIII; as a result, A) they do not have a functional intrinsic pathway. B) they do not have a functional extrinsic pathway. C) they do not have a functional common pathway. D) their clotting times are shorter than normal. E) All answers are correct.

A) they do not have a functional intrinsic pathway.

2) Plasma is mostly A) water. B) blood cells. C) proteins. D) organic molecules. E) ions.

A) water.

Match each leukocyte to its normal percentage in a differential cell count. A. 50-70% B. 20-40% C. 2-8% D. 1-4% E. < 1% 86) neutrophils

A. 50-70%

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function. A. albumins B. globulins C. fibrinogen D. transferrin E. antibodies 43) contribute(s) significantly to osmotic pressure of plasma

A. albumins

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description. A. hereditary spherocytosis B. polycythemia vera C. iron-deficiency anemia D. sickle cell disease E. anemia 54) a genetic condition where red blood cells have deficient cytoskeletons

A. hereditary spherocytosis

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions. A. lymphocytes B. erythrocytes C. eosinophils D. platelets E. neutrophils 52) Often called immunocytes, these cells direct the activities of the immune system.

A. lymphocytes

33) The carrier protein that transports absorbed iron through the blood is A) hemoglobin. B) transferrin. C) erythropoietin. D) thrombopoietin. E) intrinsic factor.

B) transferrin.

16) A unique aspect of hematopoiesis is that A) white blood cell production always results in the same proportion of leukocytes. B) white blood cell development varies with the specific needs of the body. C) neutrophils direct all development from the lymph nodes. D) lymphocytes never die.

B) white blood cell development varies with the specific needs of the body.

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions. A. lymphocytes B. erythrocytes C. eosinophils D. platelets E. neutrophils 48) These cells contain hemoglobin and iron.

B. erythrocytes

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function. A. albumins B. globulins C. fibrinogen D. transferrin E. antibodies 47) a category that includes clotting factors and enzymes

B. globulins

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description. A. hereditary spherocytosis B. polycythemia vera C. iron-deficiency anemia D. sickle cell disease E. anemia 56) a stem cell dysfunction that produces too many blood cells

B. polycythemia vera

19) The average life span of a red blood cell is A) 1 week. B) 1 month. C) 4 months. D) 6 months. E) 1 year.

C) 4 months.

1) The total volume of blood in the body of a 70-kg man is approximately ________ liters. A) 25-30 B) 10-15 C) 5-6 D) 2-4 E) 1-2

C) 5-6

9) Which of the following statements about colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) is FALSE? A) CSFs are required to induce both cell division and cell maturation. B) CSFs regulate leukopoiesis. C) CSFs are made by epithelial cells. D) CSFs regulate leukopoiesis and CSFs are made by epithelial cells.

C) CSFs are made by epithelial cells.

11) ________ regulates the growth and maturation of megakaryocytes. A) Erythropoietin B) Interleukin C) Thrombopoietin D) Colony-stimulating factor E) None of the answers are correct.

C) Thrombopoietin

3) The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are A) globulins. B) transport proteins. C) albumins. D) lipoproteins. E) fibrinogens.

C) albumins.

20) The function of red blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from the lungs. B) remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues. C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. E) defend the body against infectious organisms.

C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

41) The process of fibrinolysis A) activates fibrinogen. B) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together. C) dissolves clots. D) forms emboli. E) forms thrombi.

C) dissolves clots.

12) Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone A) thymosin. B) angiotensin I. C) erythropoietin. D) M-CSF. E) cobalamin.

C) erythropoietin.

23) The majority of the protein inside a red blood cell is A) albumin. B) porphyrin. C) hemoglobin. D) immunoglobulin. E) fibrinogen.

C) hemoglobin.

22) The porphyrin ring of heme contains an atom of A) magnesium. B) calcium. C) iron. D) sodium. E) copper.

C) iron.

14) In normal adults, red blood cells are formed in A) the liver. B) the spleen. C) red bone marrow. D) yellow bone marrow. E) lymph nodes.

C) red bone marrow.

38) The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium. D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

C) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium.

Match each leukocyte to its normal percentage in a differential cell count. A. 50-70% B. 20-40% C. 2-8% D. 1-4% E. < 1% 85) monocytes

C. 2-8%

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions. A. lymphocytes B. erythrocytes C. eosinophils D. platelets E. neutrophils 51) A type of granulocyte, these have red granules.

C. eosinophils

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function. A. albumins B. globulins C. fibrinogen D. transferrin E. antibodies 45) essential to the process of blood clotting

C. fibrinogen

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description. A. hereditary spherocytosis B. polycythemia vera C. iron-deficiency anemia D. sickle cell disease E. anemia 57) Caused by a dietary deficiency, this condition results in red blood cells that are small and pale.

C. iron-deficiency anemia

31) Each red blood cell is shaped as a biconcave disk. This allows it to A) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings. B) shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions. C) synthesize new proteins and membrane components readily. D) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings and shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions. E) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings, shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions, and synthesize new proteins and membrane components readily.

D) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings and shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions.

30) The process of red blood cell production is called A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropenia. C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis. E) hematopenia.

D) erythropoiesis.

21) A hemoglobin molecule is composed of A) just two protein chains. B) just three protein chains. C) just four protein chains and nothing else. D) four protein chains and four heme groups. E) four heme groups but no protein.

D) four protein chains and four heme groups.

28) The percentage of whole blood occupied by red blood cells is the A) viscosity. B) specific gravity. C) pH. D) hematocrit. E) differential cell count.

D) hematocrit.

17) The primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin is A) hypoxemia only. B) low oxygen levels in the tissues only. C) low blood pressure only. D) hypoxemia and low oxygen levels in the tissues. E) hypoxemia, low oxygen levels in the tissues, and low blood pressure.

D) hypoxemia and low oxygen levels in the tissues.

5) Monocytes leave the circulation to go to the tissues, where they are called A) eosinophils. B) basophils. C) lymphocytes. D) macrophages. E) neutrophils.

D) macrophages.

25) A hematocrit is used to indicate A) only the ratio of red blood cells to the total blood volume. B) only the packed cell volume. C) only coagulation time. D) the ratio of red blood cells to the total blood volume and the packed cell volume. E) All of the answers are correct.

D) the ratio of red blood cells to the total blood volume and the packed cell volume.

Match each leukocyte to its normal percentage in a differential cell count. A. 50-70% B. 20-40% C. 2-8% D. 1-4% E. < 1% 84) eosinophils

D. 1-4%

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions. A. lymphocytes B. erythrocytes C. eosinophils D. platelets E. neutrophils 49) These are fragments of a megakaryocyte.

D. platelets

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description. A. hereditary spherocytosis B. polycythemia vera C. iron-deficiency anemia D. sickle cell disease E. anemia 55) genetic condition resulting in crescent moon-shaped red blood cells

D. sickle cell disease

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function. A. albumins B. globulins C. fibrinogen D. transferrin E. antibodies 46) bind(s) with iron in the blood

D. transferrin

81) Tom suffers from a severe liver disease. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to see as a result of this condition? A) decreased clotting ability B) decreased blood osmotic pressure C) increased levels of bilirubin in the blood D) accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces of the extremities E) All answers are correct.

E) All answers are correct.

36) Platelets function in A) transporting chemicals important for clotting. B) forming temporary patches in injured areas. C) contraction after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

79) How would a decrease in the concentration of iron in the blood affect the process of hemostasis? A) Platelet plugs would fail to form. B) Coagulation would proceed more rapidly. C) Coagulation would proceed more slowly. D) Retraction would occur prematurely. E) There would be no effect.

E) There would be no effect.

8) Colony-stimulating factors are cytokines made by A) endothelial cells. B) fibroblasts from bone marrow. C) white blood cells only. D) endothelial cells and fibroblasts from bone marrow. E) endothelial cells, fibroblasts from bone marrow, and white blood cells.

E) endothelial cells, fibroblasts from bone marrow, and white blood cells.

37) Platelets are A) large cells that lack a nucleus. B) small cells that lack a nucleus. C) large cells with a prominent, indented nucleus. D) small cells with a many-shaped nucleus. E) fragments of large cells.

E) fragments of large cells.

13) Thrombopoietin is produced in the A) liver only. B) kidney only. C) spleen only. D) bone marrow only. E) liver and kidney.

E) liver and kidney.

34) Which of the following is/are vasoconstrictors? A) platelet-activating factor B) serotonin C) adenosine diphosphate D) thromboxane A2 E) serotonin and thromboxane A2

E) serotonin and thromboxane A2

Match each leukocyte to its normal percentage in a differential cell count. A. 50-70% B. 20-40% C. 2-8% D. 1-4% E. < 1% 83) basophils

E. < 1%

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description. A. hereditary spherocytosis B. polycythemia vera C. iron-deficiency anemia D. sickle cell disease E. anemia 53) general term for the condition of low hemoglobin in the blood

E. anemia

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function. A. albumins B. globulins C. fibrinogen D. transferrin E. antibodies 44) help(s) defend the body against germs

E. antibodies

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions. A. lymphocytes B. erythrocytes C. eosinophils D. platelets E. neutrophils 50) Phagocytic, these cells make up the majority of WBCs.

E. neutrophils