Chapter 16
By 1900, ___ of college students were women
1/3
Knights of Labor
A national labor organization with a broad reform platform; reached peak membership in the 1880s.
Pullman Strike (1894)
A national strike by the American Railway Union, whose members shut down major railways in sympathy with striking workers in Pullman, Illinois; ended with intervention of federal troops
The Legal Tender Act of 1862
Allowed for the printing of paper currency
Laissez-faire
An economic doctrine holding that businesses and individuals should be able to pursue their economic interests without government interference.
J. Pierpont Morgan and Company
An investment bank under the leadership of J. Pierpont Morgan that bought or merged unrelated American companies, often using capital acquired from European investors.
Second Industrial Revolution
Beginning in the late nineteenth century, a wave of technological innovations, especially in iron and steel production, steam and electrical power, and telegraphic communications, all of which spurred industrial development and urban growth.
Trust
Business arrangement that gives a person or corporation (the "trustee") the legal power to manage another person's money or another company without owning those entities outright.
The sandlot incident was aimed at protesting the hiring of what group of immigrants
Chinese
Holding Company
Corporation established to own and manage other companies stock rather than to produce goods and services itself.
Monopoly
Corporation so large that it effectively controls the entire market for its products or services.
Carnegie Steel Company
Corporation under the leadership of Andrew Carnegie that came to dominate the American steel industry.
Standard Oil Company
Corporation under the leadership of John D. Rockefeller that attempted to dominate the entire oil industry through horizontal and vertical integration.
What is the term given to describe the ability of companies to afford technological improvements and the workforces to propel them into the modern age?
Economies of scale
Andrew Carnegie invented the process that enabled a dramatic increase in the steel production.
False
By the 1880's most states had outlawed child labor
False
The Haymarket affair was a peaceful protest against the use of child labor
False
American Federation of Labor
Founded in 1886 as a national federation of trade unions made up of skilled workers.
Which of the following industries was the US not a world leader in by 1900?
Gold
The process Rockefeller used to gain control of his company's industry is known as
Horizontal integration
After the civil war what was the complaint about the federal tariff?
It was not forcing American companies to be competitive with their prices
This man created the US first billion dollar corporation
J.P. Morgan
Which of the following is an example of a land grant college
Kansas State University
Homestead Steel Strike (1892)
Labor conflict at the Homestead steel mill near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents hired by the factory's management.
What economic doctrine was typically used during the post civil war era
Laissez-faire
This early union was more interested in working to craft state laws important to their members than directly bargaining with employers.
National Labor Union
John D Rockefeller is best associated with which industry?
Oil
What title was given to the political and economic leaders during the Gilded Age
Robber Barons
This individual led the American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
In an effort to prevent corporations from obtaining market monopolies, congress passed the
Sherman Anti-trust Act
What was a reason that married women were offered less pay during the Gilded Age?
Their husbands supported them
After the Civil War how did congress often finance its economic plans?
Through the gifts of free land
Anarchists oppose all forms of government
True
Most Americans experienced a rising standard of living in the late 19th century
True
The legal entity allowed companies to sidestep laws that forbade them from owning stock in their competitors
Trust
What was the US first billion dollar company?
US steel corporation
What is one thing that the US had their other nations did not that helped spur the industrial revolution
Vast natural recourses
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Violent uprising in Haymarket Square, Chicago, where police clashed with labor demonstrators in the aftermath of a bombing.
Which of the following was not a cause of industrial growth in the era following the civil war?
a resurging southern economy
Power sources (such as water, coal, wood, and oil) were more expensive in the US than in other nations around the world
false
The Foran Act made it illegal for federal or state government workers to join labor unions
false
The number of inventions registered at the US patent office remained fairly constant through the 19th century
false
After the second industrial revolution corporations tried their hands at...
farming
When one company buys or forces out all of their competitors it is participating in
horizontal integration
The way in which businesses cultivated and brought influence from government officials is called
lobbying
Before the Civil War, if you were a young child and you had a job, most likely you worked
on a farm
Thanks to the electrical light
owners made their workers work longer
By 1897 the united states had more of this than all European nations combined
railroads
Andrew Carnegie is best associated with which industry
steel
The Knight of Labors decline began because of its perceived involvement in
the Haymarket riot
The homestead strike ended with
the workers union destroyed and their leaders imprisoned
Because of this machine and the belief that women were more dexterous than men the post civil war era saw an increase in the female workforce in businesses
typewriter
When one company buys everything needed to produce, market, and deliver their product, they have participated in
vertical integration
