Chapter 16

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By 1900, ___ of college students were women

1/3

Knights of Labor

A national labor organization with a broad reform platform; reached peak membership in the 1880s.

Pullman Strike (1894)

A national strike by the American Railway Union, whose members shut down major railways in sympathy with striking workers in Pullman, Illinois; ended with intervention of federal troops

The Legal Tender Act of 1862

Allowed for the printing of paper currency

Laissez-faire

An economic doctrine holding that businesses and individuals should be able to pursue their economic interests without government interference.

J. Pierpont Morgan and Company

An investment bank under the leadership of J. Pierpont Morgan that bought or merged unrelated American companies, often using capital acquired from European investors.

Second Industrial Revolution

Beginning in the late nineteenth century, a wave of technological innovations, especially in iron and steel production, steam and electrical power, and telegraphic communications, all of which spurred industrial development and urban growth.

Trust

Business arrangement that gives a person or corporation (the "trustee") the legal power to manage another person's money or another company without owning those entities outright.

The sandlot incident was aimed at protesting the hiring of what group of immigrants

Chinese

Holding Company

Corporation established to own and manage other companies stock rather than to produce goods and services itself.

Monopoly

Corporation so large that it effectively controls the entire market for its products or services.

Carnegie Steel Company

Corporation under the leadership of Andrew Carnegie that came to dominate the American steel industry.

Standard Oil Company

Corporation under the leadership of John D. Rockefeller that attempted to dominate the entire oil industry through horizontal and vertical integration.

What is the term given to describe the ability of companies to afford technological improvements and the workforces to propel them into the modern age?

Economies of scale

Andrew Carnegie invented the process that enabled a dramatic increase in the steel production.

False

By the 1880's most states had outlawed child labor

False

The Haymarket affair was a peaceful protest against the use of child labor

False

American Federation of Labor

Founded in 1886 as a national federation of trade unions made up of skilled workers.

Which of the following industries was the US not a world leader in by 1900?

Gold

The process Rockefeller used to gain control of his company's industry is known as

Horizontal integration

After the civil war what was the complaint about the federal tariff?

It was not forcing American companies to be competitive with their prices

This man created the US first billion dollar corporation

J.P. Morgan

Which of the following is an example of a land grant college

Kansas State University

Homestead Steel Strike (1892)

Labor conflict at the Homestead steel mill near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents hired by the factory's management.

What economic doctrine was typically used during the post civil war era

Laissez-faire

This early union was more interested in working to craft state laws important to their members than directly bargaining with employers.

National Labor Union

John D Rockefeller is best associated with which industry?

Oil

What title was given to the political and economic leaders during the Gilded Age

Robber Barons

This individual led the American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

In an effort to prevent corporations from obtaining market monopolies, congress passed the

Sherman Anti-trust Act

What was a reason that married women were offered less pay during the Gilded Age?

Their husbands supported them

After the Civil War how did congress often finance its economic plans?

Through the gifts of free land

Anarchists oppose all forms of government

True

Most Americans experienced a rising standard of living in the late 19th century

True

The legal entity allowed companies to sidestep laws that forbade them from owning stock in their competitors

Trust

What was the US first billion dollar company?

US steel corporation

What is one thing that the US had their other nations did not that helped spur the industrial revolution

Vast natural recourses

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Violent uprising in Haymarket Square, Chicago, where police clashed with labor demonstrators in the aftermath of a bombing.

Which of the following was not a cause of industrial growth in the era following the civil war?

a resurging southern economy

Power sources (such as water, coal, wood, and oil) were more expensive in the US than in other nations around the world

false

The Foran Act made it illegal for federal or state government workers to join labor unions

false

The number of inventions registered at the US patent office remained fairly constant through the 19th century

false

After the second industrial revolution corporations tried their hands at...

farming

When one company buys or forces out all of their competitors it is participating in

horizontal integration

The way in which businesses cultivated and brought influence from government officials is called

lobbying

Before the Civil War, if you were a young child and you had a job, most likely you worked

on a farm

Thanks to the electrical light

owners made their workers work longer

By 1897 the united states had more of this than all European nations combined

railroads

Andrew Carnegie is best associated with which industry

steel

The Knight of Labors decline began because of its perceived involvement in

the Haymarket riot

The homestead strike ended with

the workers union destroyed and their leaders imprisoned

Because of this machine and the belief that women were more dexterous than men the post civil war era saw an increase in the female workforce in businesses

typewriter

When one company buys everything needed to produce, market, and deliver their product, they have participated in

vertical integration


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