Chapter 16

In the figure below, which letter represents the active continental margin?

(A) west coast of south america

Which location is the passive margin on the image below?

(a) between coastal plain and slope

Which location on the figure below is the continental slope

(b) the slope

Sea level is currently rising at 3.2 mm/yr, and scientist predict that global warming could cause a rise in sea level 7 m if left unabated. How long will it take the sea to rise 7 m at the current rate?

2,121 years

Passive continental margins

Are characterized by broad continental shelves

The entire state of Florida is composed of fossiliferous limestone (indicative of a coral reef environment). This implies that in the recent past, Florida was

a submergent coast

A coast that grows seaward as a result of regular sedimentation is a(n)

accretionary coast

The schematic shown below illustrates a(n)

active margin

Many rocky coasts occur along active margins. This is because

active margins often experience repeated uplift, and thus the waves have not had sufficient time to erode the land surface down to sea level

Structure - like jetties, groins, adn breakwaters - that are designed to prevent beach erosion

are a temporary solution that decreases the rate of beach erosion

Active continental margins

are characterized by narrow continental shelves

The shape of the seafloor is called

bathymetry

building a dam across a river can lead to ______ because sediment becomes trapped behind the dam

beach erosion

Some beaches are maintained by artificially increasing the rate of sediment supply using a procedure known as

beach nourishment

gently sloping fringes of sedimetn along the shore are know as

beaches

A(n) ______ is a vegetated, flat-lying stretch of coast that floods at high tide, becomes particularly exposed at low tide, and does not feel the impact of strong waves.

coastal wetland

Swamps and marshes are examples of

coastal wetlands

Subduction at convergent boundaries results in the formation of

deep-sea trench

In the figure below, which direction is the longshore CURRENT?

east

In the picture below, which direction is the longshore DRIFT?

east

A coastline characterized by steep-sided cliffs and associated with an active margin is likely to be

emergent

When the sea level rises, and ocean may invade a river valley, producing a nearshore body of water of mixed and variable salinity, which is termed a(n)

estuary

When sea level rises and floods a glacially carved valley, the area is called a(n)

fjord

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in reef bleaching

gradual sea level rise

The tide-generating force is a combination of the ______ and ____.

gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun; centrifugal forced caused by the revolution of the Earth-moon system

The production of tides is NOT affected by Earth's

gravitational interaction with mars

A coral reef would MOST likely be found

in the shallow waters surrounding a volcanic tropical island

Along beaches, groins have

increased erosion rates immediately down current from the groin

Which of the following is MOST true of beach nourishment as a solution to coastal erosion?

it is costly and may only provide a temporary solution

Sea floor spreading is associated with

mid-ocean ridges

The width of the intertidal zone depends on the tidal

reach and the slope of the seafloor surface

The process of reef bleaching occurs when

reefs lose their color and die in response to the warming of seawater

Coastal landforms are constantly changing because the

sand is constantly moving

Which of the following feature is characteristic of a rocky coast?

sea stacks

The balance between sediment supplied and sediment removed on a beach is known as

sediment budget

Which of the following is BEST example of an organic coast?

shallow coral reef

During a rising tide, the

shoreline moves inland

The timing and magnitude of tides in a given location is LEAST likely to be influenced by the

size of the waves

What is formed when layers of turbidites accumulate?

submarine fans

Which type of coastline would most likely contain estuaries or fjords?

submergent

Is sea level continues to rise and covers the city of Miami, the Florida coast will become a(n)

submergent coast

The picture below shows the fjords of Norway. This is an example of a(n)

submergent coast

Notice the newly constructed seawall in the illustration below. The MOST likely outcome of its construction is that the seawall will

temporarily protect the cliff from beach erosion

Barrier islands are constantly moving in the direction of

the longshore drift

What will eventually happen to the headlands in the figure below?

they will become straight line cliffs as rock is eroded away

The difference between sea level at high tide and low tide for a given location is known as

tidal reach

The ____ is the generally twice-daily rise and fall of sea level

tide

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in an emergent coast?

uplift associated with active margin tectonics

In the photograph below, notice how the waves are approaching the shore at an angle to the shoreline. This is an example of

wave refraction

The active continental margin is located at the

west coast of North America