Chapter 16: America's Gilded Age, 1870-1890 mine

Henry George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with:

A. Ownership of land.

William M. Tweed was a(n):

A. Political boss who, although corrupt, provided important services to New Yorkers.

In 1883, ____________ divided the nation into the four time zones still used today.

A. The major railroad companies.

The Dawes Act of 1887:

B. Divided tribal lands into parcels of land for Indian families.

Which event marked the end of the Indian Wars?

C. Battle of Wounded Kneww.

The American working class:

E. Lived in desperate conditions.

What criticism did Henry Demarest Lloyd leverage against Rockefeller's Standard Oil in "Wealth against Commonwealth (1892)"?

E. Standard Oil was undermining fair competition in the marketplace.

Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE:

E. The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

Chief Joseph:

E. Wanted freedom for his people, the Néz Percé.

Elk v. Wilkins (1884):

A. Agreed with lower court rulings that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Indians.

In the late nineteenth center, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:

A. Class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.

The Civil Service Act of 1883:

A. Created a merit system for government workers.

The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-mississippu west was:

A. Dramatic as an agricultural empire grew.

An example of what the economist and social historian Thorstein Veblan meant by "conspicuous consumption" is:

A. Mrs. Bradley Martin's costume ball.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the reasons for the tripling of railroad track miles in the United States between 1860 and 1890?

A. Private investment and massive grants of land and money by federal, state, and local governments spurred the building.

How did the legal instrument of contract help turn the philosophy of free labor into a tool for exploitation?

A. THe idea of the contract implied an agreement between free and equal individuals, but the reality of industrial employment was far different.

How were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?

A. Their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and the training of apprentices.

The first billion-dollar enterprise corporation was:

A. U.S. Steel.

The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York:

A. Voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week.

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:

B. Frequent and prolonged economic depressions.

One of the reasons that the Great Strike of 1877 was important is that:

B. It underscored the tensions produced by the rapid industrialization of the time.

The economic development of the American West was based on:

B. Lumber, mining industries, tourism, and farming.

The Indian victory at Little Bighorn:

B. Only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

The ____________________ made possible the second industrial revolution in America.

B. Railroads.

Henry George offered a(n) _____________________ as a solution for the problem of inequality in America.

B. Single tax.

How did the American Catholic Church act during the Gilded Age?

B. The American Catholic Church saw growing number of clergy advocate social justice and reform.

Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?

B. The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.

Why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?

B. They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.

Who insisted that freedom and spiritual self-development required an equalization of wealth and power and that unbridled competition mocked the Christian ideal of brotherhood?

B. Walter Rauschenbusch.

The Greenback-Labor Party:

B. Wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulations.

The over 150 Utopian and cataclysmic novels published during the last quarter of the nineteenth century:

B. Were inspired by the growing fear of class warfare.

After the Civil War, which of the following became a symbol of a life of freedom on the open range?

C. Cowboys.

In "How the Other Half lives" Jacob Riis:

C. Focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.

Why was William Tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor?

C. He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes.

How did expanding agricultural production in places like Argentina and the American West lead to the migration of rural populations to cities?

C. Increasing output worldwide pushed down the prices of farm products, making it more difficult for farmers to make ends meet.

According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later nineteenth century?

C. Individual property ownership and farming on family plots.

What did William G. Sumner believe social classes owed each other?

C. Nothing at all.

The Dawes Act of 1887:

C. Sought to break up the tribal system.

Which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian Lobby" in the Gilded Age?

C. The "Christian Lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.

In his speech "A Second Declaration of Independence," labor leader Ira Steward argues that the most pressing problem facing the nation was:

C. The growing gap between the rich and the poor.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

C. The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from Southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.

What did Native Americans have in common with the Zulu of South Africa and the aboriginal people in Australia?

C. They found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions.

Which of the following best characterized the Democrats' position on the Republicans' monetary policy during the American Gilded Age?

C. They largely agreed that the farmers' demands for increasing the money supply had to be resisted.

Bonanza Farms:

C. Typically had thousands of acres of land or more.

Elections during the Gilded Age:

C. Were closely contested affairs.

Which of the following properly compares the United States Supreme Court's approach to organization in business and labor during the Gilded Age?

C. While the court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to break down unions, it proved unwilling to endorse any regulations of big business.

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller:

D. Built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.

The Social Gospel.

D. Called for an equalization of wealth and power.

The Plains Indians:

D. Included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.

Why did President James Buchanan replace Utah's territorial-governor Brigham Young with a non-Mormon appointee in 1857?

D. It became known that the work of federal judges in Utah was being obstructed.

All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

D. Low Tariffs.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of wage labor in industrializing America during the Gilded Age?

D. More and more American's experiences wage labor as a permanent condition on the edge of poverty.

Republicans economic policies strongly favored:

D. Northern Industrialists.

During the second industrial revolution, the courts:

D. Tended to favor the interests of industry over those of labor.

The second industrial revolution was marked by:

D. The acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the passage of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890?

D. The law established a precedent that the national government could regulate the economy in the interest of the public good.

Why did new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats symbolize the continuing integration of the economy in America's Gilded Age?

D. These products were national brands, sold everywhere across the United States thanks to the expanding railroad network.

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

D. To civilize the Indians, making them "American" as whites defined the term.

The the nineteenth century, pools, trusts and mergers were:

E. Ways that manufacturers sought to control the marketplace.

Crédit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring:

E. Were indicative of the corruption in the Grant Administration.

By 1890, the majority of Americans:

E. Worked for wages.

The Ghost Dance:

A. Was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.

The Knights of Labor:

A. Was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.

What did the books of Henry George, Laurence Gronlond, and Edward Bellamy all have in common?

D. They all offered decidedly optimistic remedies for the unequal distribution of wealth.

Which statement about labor and the law is FALSE?

D. Workers generally welcomed the Court's decisions on industry.

For workers, the second industrial revolution meant all the following EXCEPT:

E. A decrease in child labor.

The massive hunting of what animal hurt the Plains Indians?

E. Buffalo.

All of the following individuals wrote about the subject of America's poor EXCEPT:

E. Charles Darwin.

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to:

E. Ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

The Grange was an organization that:

E. Established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.

The theory of Social Darwinism argues that:

E. Excessive personal wealth was a sign of weakness.

Thomas Edison:

E. Invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877:

E. Was evidence of worker solidarity and the close ties between industry and the Republican Party.

The Haymarket Affair:

E. Was provoked by the 1886 bombing at a Chicago labor rally.