Chapter 16 and 17 Quiz

A population diverges and becomes reproductively isolated. Which of the following is the best description of that phenomenon? Select one: a. speciation b. sexual selection c. bottleneck d. postzygotic isolation

A

A rate of speciation that occurs when small changes accumulate slowly over time is known as Select one: a. gradualism b. convergent evolution c. punctuated equilibrium d. divergent evolution

A

Natural selection acts directly on Select one: a. phenotypes. b. genes. c. mutations. d. alleles.

A

The Galápagos finch species are an excellent example of Select one: a. adaptive radiation b. coevolution. c. stabilizing selection d. convergent evolution

A

What situation might develop in a population having some plants whose flowers open at midday and other plants whose flowers open late in the day? Select one: a. temporal isolation b. behavioral isolation c. geographic isolation d. genetic drift

A

On the islands of Hawaii there are a group of about 30 species of highly variable, but closely related, species of plant called silverswords. These species appear to be related to a small group of plants in North America. What are the silverswords an example of? Select one: a. analogous structures b. adaptive radiation c. mimicry d. vestigial structures

B

One of the conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium is Select one: a. nonrandom mating. b. no immigration or emigration. c. mutations. d. natural selection.

B

What is the term describing the process that occurs when a species evolves into a new species without a physical barrier separating populations? Select one: a. coevolution b. sympatric speciation c. allopatric speciation d. adaptive radiation

B

Which combination of characteristics in a population would provide the greatest potential for evolutionary change? Select one: a. large population, many mutations b. small population, many mutations c. large population, few mutations d. small population, few mutations

B

If an allele makes up one half of the frequency of a population's allele for a given trait, its allele frequency is Select one: a. 4 percent. b. 100 percent. c. 50 percent. d. 75 percent.

C

In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of Select one: a. mutations. b. natural selection. c. chance. d. genetic equilibrium.

C

Male guppies tend to be brightly colored when they are in pools that contain few predators and very dull in color when they are in pools that contain many predators. The guppies do not have the ability to change color rather different colors are favored in different environments. What best explains the difference in colors between different guppy populations? Select one: a. The red color warns predators to avoid the guppy and is an example of predator selection. b. The red color makes guppies more likely to get food and is an example of ecological selection c. The red color is attractive to females and is an example of sexual selection. d. The dull color makes guppies swim faster and is an example of physiological selection.

C

When allelic frequencies remain unchanged, a population is in genetic equilibrium. This statement expresses which of the following? Select one: a. prezygotic isolating mechanism b. sympatric speciation c. Hardy-Weinberg principle d. genetic drift

C

Which of the following is an example of allopatric speciation? Select one: a. behavioral isolation b. gamete isolation c. geographic isolation d. temporal isolation

C

The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called Select one: a. genetic equilibrium. b. behavioral isolation. c. temporal isolation. d. geographic isolation.

D

The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called Select one: a. stabilizing selection. b. the Hardy-Weinberg principle. c. directional selection. d. the founder effect.

D

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the Select one: a. possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness. b. possession of adaptations developed through use. c. lack of competition within the species. d. choices made by plant and animal breeders.

a

Biogeography is the study of Select one: a. where species and their ancestors live. b. how different species can interbreed. c. how animals that live in the same area are closely related. d. how extinct species can be related to living species.

a

Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment Select one: a. fitness. b. diversity. c. evolution. d. adaptation.

a

Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT Select one: a. population size is very large. b. there is heritable variation among members of the population. c. more offspring are born than can survive. d. fitness varies among individuals.

a

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution? Select one: a. They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth. b. They show evidence of species that are now extinct. c. Fossils reveal that many species have remained unchanged for millions of years. d. They are the primary source of evidence of natural selection.

a

If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase? Select one: a. whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards b. how many other alleles are present c. how many phenotypes the population has d. whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention

a

In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur Select one: a. vestigial structures. b. acquired traits. c. examples of fossils. d. examples of natural variation.

a

The principle of common descent helps explain why Select one: a. birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics. b. tigers are so different from cheetahs. c. conditions in an organism's environment ensures the organism's survival. d. well-adapted species have many offspring.

a

The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galápagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the Select one: a. birds' different-shaped beaks. b. length of the birds' necks. c. number of eggs in each bird's nest. d. similarities of the birds' embryos.

a

Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches Select one: a. acquired traits through use and disuse. b. descended from a common ancestor. c. have the ability to interbreed. d. all eat the same type of food.

b

Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm, are called _____. Select one: a. homozygous structures b. homologous structures c. analogous structures d. embryological structures

b

When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of Select one: a. natural selection. b. artificial selection. c. descent with modification. d. acquired characteristics.

b

When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin's concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? Select one: a. reproductive isolation b. survival of the fittest c. acquired characteristics d. descent with modification

b

Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin's observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? Select one: a. acquired characteristics b. adaptation c. tendency towards perfection d. artificial selection

b

Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution? Select one: a. Hemoglobin in humans can vary between different individuals. b. Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimp hemoglobin than mouse hemoglobin. c. Embryonic human hemoglobin is different from adult human hemoglobin. d. Human hemoglobin is different than mouse hemoglobin.

b

Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates Select one: a. evolved from sea stars. b. evolved before sea stars. c. share a common ancestor with sea stars. d. belong to the same species as sea stars.

c

Superficially similar features molded by natural selection in very different species are classified as what kind of structures? Select one: a. homologous b. vestigial c. analogous d. comparative

c

Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed. These features are an example of _____. Select one: a. comparative embryology b. homologous structures c. vestigial structures d. artificial selection

c

Which of the following is the explanation of why bird wings and reptile forelegs are evidence of evolution? Select one: a. Vestigial structures point to a common ancestor. b. Similar functions point to a common ancestor. c. Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor. d. Analogous structures indicate a common ancestor.

c

Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for this immunity to the insecticide is that _____. Select one: a. eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become resistant to it b. it destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing them to live longer c. it selected random mutations that were present in the insect population and that provided immunity to the insecticide d. eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become less resistant to it

c

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to Select one: a. swimming from South America to the Galapagos Islands. b. providing humans with food. c. being preserved as fossils. d. surviving in the environment they inhabited

d

Natural selection can best be defined as the _____. Select one: a. survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population b. elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment

d

When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for Select one: a. homologous structures. b. characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism. c. species that are perfect and unchanging. d. natural variations that are present in a species.

d

Which answer best shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest? Select one: a. the long neck of a giraffe b. an elephant's long trunk c. migration of birds in winter d. camouflage in a tree frog

d

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution? Select one: a. Natural selection and evolution are the same thing. b. Natural selection includes evolution as a part of it. c. Natural selection results from evolution. d. Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution.

d

Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection? Select one: a. They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species. b. They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring. c. They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population. d. They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.

d