Chapter 16 Cardiovascular Emergencies quiz

Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output? -Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume -Decreased stroke volume and increased heart rate -Decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume -Decreased stroke volume and decreased heart rate

Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood? -Superior vena cava -Pulmonary arteries -Inferior vena cava -Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when: -myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen. -the heart muscle progressively weakens and dysfunctions. -coronary artery dilation decreases blood flow to the heart. -the entire left ventricle is damaged and cannot pump blood.

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

Defibrillator pads are placed on the patient's chest: -with one pad to the left of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the right of the left nipple. -with one pad to the right of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the right of the right nipple. -with one pad to the left of the upper sternum and the other pad to the right lower chest below the armpit. -with one pad to the right of the upper sternum and the other pad to the left lower chest below the armpit.

with one pad to the right of the upper sternum and the other pad to the left lower chest below the armpit.

Your EMS team is performing CPR on a 60-year-old male in cardiac arrest. You connect the AED, push the analyze button, and receive a "no shock advised" message. You should: -re-analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm. -perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess. -determine if a palpable pulse is present. -immediately assess the patient's airway.

-perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess.

A patient with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) tells you that the device's pump flow is continuous. Which of the following should you expect to encounter during your assessment? -Absence of a palpable pulse -High systolic blood pressure -Distension of the jugular vein -Low diastolic blood pressure

Absence of a palpable pulse

Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate method of assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin tablet or spray? -Encourage the patient to chew the tablet to increase its effectiveness. -Place the medication under the tongue and have the patient swallow it. -Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb. -Wait 15 minutes and reassess the patient's blood pressure prior to administering another dose.

Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb.

Which of the following is a major difference between angina pectoris and AMI? -AMI is caused by myocardial ischemia. -Anginal pain typically subsides with rest. -Nitroglycerin has no effect on angina pectoris. -Pain from an AMI subsides within 30 minutes.

Anginal pain typically subsides with rest.

Which of the following medications is commonly given to patients with chest pain to prevent blood clots from forming or getting bigger? -Furosemide (Lasix) -Aspirin -Oxygen -Metoprolol (Toprol)

Aspirin

You and your partner have achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a patient who was in cardiac arrest. An ALS unit will arrive in less than 2 minutes. The patient remains unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. Further treatment for this patient should include: -oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min and immediate transport. -insertion of an oropharyngeal airway and positioning him on his side. -elevation of his lower extremities and covering him with warm blankets. -BVM ventilation at 10-12 breaths/min and assessment of oxygen saturation.

BVM ventilation at 10-12 breaths/min and assessment of oxygen saturation.

A 66-year-old woman present with a stabbing pain in the middle of her chest that radiates to her back. She tells you that the pain suddenly began about 30 minutes ago and has been severe since the onset. She has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with her antihypertensive medications. When you assess her, you find that her blood pressure is significantly higher in her left arm than it is in her right arm. What do these signs and symptoms MOST likely indicate? -Unstable angina -Dissecting aortic aneurysm -Acute myocardial infarction -Hypertensive emergency

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Which of the following signs or symptoms would you NOT expect to encounter in a patient with congestive heart failure? -Hypertension and tachycardia -Hypotension and flat jugular veins -The presence of rales in the lungs -Trouble breathing while lying down

Hypotension and flat jugular veins

Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include: -pallow, cool skin, and a temporary loss of hearing. -syncope, a weak pulse, and bleeding from the ears. -tachycardia, pain behind the eyes, and weakness. -a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness.

a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness.

Narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by a buildup of fatty deposits is called: -angina pectoris. -arteriosclerosis. -acute ischemia. -atherosclerosis.

atherosclerosis.

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously from a nerve source is called: -excitability. -contractility. -impulsivity. -automaticity.

automaticity.

In contrast to an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD), an external defibrillator vest: -delivers high-energy shocks, similar to an AED. -does not require the EMT to stand clear when it shocks. -does not warn when a shoeck is about to be delivered. -will only deliver a shock if ventricular fibrillation occurs.

delivers high-energy shocks, similar to an AED.

Prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED, it is MOST important that you: -properly position the defibrillation pads. -perform up to 5 minutes of effective CPR. -confirm that the patient is in cardiac arrest. -ensure that no one is touching the patient.

ensure that no one is touching the patient.

The main legal risk in using the AED is: -negligence on the part of the manufacturer. -failure of the AED's internal computer chip. -failing to deliver a shock when one is needed. -not assessing for a pulse after a shock is delivered.

failing to deliver a shock when one is needed.

When obtaining a 12-lead ECG, the patient should be: -in a semi-Fowler's position with legs crossed. -in a supine position with legs uncrossed. -in a semi-Fowler's position with arms raised. -in a supine position with legs elevated.

in a supine position with legs uncrossed.

The AED is MOST advantageous to the EMT because: -it is lightweight, easy to use, and safe for the EMT who is using it. -it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation. -its use does not require the presence of advanced life support personnel. -it delivers an unlimited number of shocks with the same amount of energy.

it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation.