Chapter 16 - Foreign Policy

why was nato founded?

bound the united states to the military defense of western europe. postwar leaders in the united states believed that the nation had fought in world war ii to protect self-determination and open trade

what was the truman doctrine?

doctrine articulated by president harry truman in the late 1940s by which money and resources were provided to support and sustain non-communist governments in areas strategically vital to the united states

what is the doctrine of pre-emption?

doctrine of war making that reserves the right of the united states military to use advance strikes to stop rogue states from developing weapons of mass destruction

define expansionism

doctrine that favors a country expanding its own territory and influence

who warned the nation against a 'military industrial complex'?

dwight d eisenhower

what year was nato founded?

1949

when was the war powers resolution passed?

1973

give the date that the doctrine of pre-emption was enacted

1992

what is the function of the CIA and national security counsel [NSC]?

CIA - federal agency charged with evaluating and disseminating intelligence information, performing public relations functions that affect international perceptions of the united states, and engaging in overt and covert operations at the direction of the president NSC - advisory body to the president charged with coordinating information about foreign, military, and economic policies that affect national security

what has been the fate of the war powers resolution?

every president since nixon has either evaded or ignored the war powers resolution, arguing that it unconstitutionally infringes on the president's war powers. no court to date has ever ruled definitively on whether the president must comply with the law's provisions

define isolationism

foreign policy doctrine that opposes intervention in distant wars and involvement in permanent military alliances

what is the war powers resolution?

largely ignored congressional policy that restricts the president's power to engage in war except [1] when congress has declared war, [2] when congress has specifically granted the president permission to use armed forces, or [3] when the nation is under attack. the resolution further requires the president to report to congress whenever american forces are entered into hostilities

what does the term 'realists / doves' mean?

members of the president's administration who advocate diplomacy as the primary means of protecting united states interests abroad

what does the term 'hawks' mean?

members of the president's administration who call for aggressive military actions wherever hostile forces may be found

what is the powell doctrine?

military action should be used as a last resort, and then only with clear popular support, overwhelming force, and a clear exit strategy

what is NATO?

north atlantic treaty organization. a military, political, and economic alliance of nations formally bound to protect self-determination and open trade in western europe

what countries are the 'axis of evil' according to president g. w. bush?

north korea iran iraq

what is the objective of the department of state in the area of international relations?

primarily responsible for most foreign policy programs within the executive branch, including diplomatic missions, foreign aid, and contributions to international organizations

how does the doctrine of pre-emption affect current foreign policy?

specifically reserved the right of the united states military to use advance strikes to stop rogue states from developing weapons of mass destruction. fundamental paradox - it can be effectively applied only to a country that lacks the capacity to retaliate. although this policy may be justified in the rare instance when a rival power's attacks are imminent, it cannot be justified to prevent attacks in the distant and more ambiguous future

what was the marshall plan?

the 1947 united states policy that provided loans and aid to western european countries whose economies had been ravaged by world war ii

what was the cold war?

the nearly half-century struggle over ideological differences between the united states and the soviet union. waged through economic warfare, arms buildups, and tense diplomatic talks, the cold war never broke out into a sustained military engagement between the two nations and ended with the dissolution of the soviet union in 1991

what does a 'military industrial complex' mean?

the vast network of defense industries in america - including manufacturers of weapons, missiles, aircraft, and so forth - and their allies in the federal bureaucracy

what is the monroe doctrine?

united states foreign policy that proclaimed north and south america unavailable for future colonization by any european power and that declared that any such colonization would be viewed as an act of war on the united states

define containment

united states foreign policy that sought to restrict soviet power - and communist influence - to its existing geographical sphere

what is 'manifest destiny'?

united states policy of the mid-nineteenth century that advocated acquiring lands and occupying the entire american continent from one ocean to the other