Chapter 16 - Heat Transfer

solar constant

1400 J/m2 received from the Sun each second at the top of Earth's atmosphere on an area perpendicular to the Sun's rays; expressed in terms of power, 1.4 kW/m2.

A good heat conductor is A- A poor insulator B- A good insulator C- neither of these

A- A poor insulator

Objects that emit radiation relatively well A- absorb radiation relatively well B-reflect radiation relatively well C-both of these D- neither of these

A- absorb radiation relatively well

A liter of hot water will cool to room temperature faster in a A- black pot B- silver pot C- red pot D- none of the above

A- black pot

If a volume of air is warmed, it expands and tends to A- cool B- warm C- neither of these

A- cool

Objects that radiate relatively well A-absorb radiation relatively well. B-reflect radiation relatively well. C-both of these D-neither of these

A-absorb radiation relatively well.

Both black and white road surfaces absorb sunlight. The warmer road surface at the end of a sunny day is the A-black surface. B-white surface. C-neither of these

A-black surface.

A parcel of warmed air rises due to A-buoyancy. B-radiation. C-random molecular motion. D-increased energy of its molecules.

A-buoyancy.

If the composition of the upper atmosphere were altered to permit a greater amount of terrestrial radiation to escape, Earth would be A-cooler. B-quite unaffected. C-warmer. D-none of the above

A-cooler.

If a pizza radiates more energy than it absorbs, its temperature A-decreases. B-increases. C-is unaffected. D-none of the above

A-decreases.

To save energy while you leave your warm house for a half hour on a cold day, turn the thermostat A-down. B-to room temperature. C-up.

A-down.

Terrestrial radiation is A-emitted by Earth. B-emitted by the Sun. C-both of these D-neither of these

A-emitted by Earth.

A bridge is more likely to be ice covered than the roadway on a cold day because A-heat upwelling from the ground below is absent on a bridge. B-a bridge is more commonly wet than ground. C-a bridge is more conducting than ground. D-none of the above

A-heat upwelling from the ground below is absent on a bridge.

When a volume of air is compressed, air temperature A-increases. B-decreases. C-neither of these

A-increases.

The solar constant is the A-input of solar energy per square meter atop Earth's atmosphere. B-maximum amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun. C-difference between solar energy atop the atmosphere and that reaching ground.

A-input of solar energy per square meter atop Earth's atmosphere.

To save energy while you leave your cool house for a half hour on a hot day, turn the temperature setting on the air conditioner A-off altogether. B-up. C-down. D-to room temperature.

A-off altogether.

Molecules in a region of expanding air more often collide with neighboring molecules that are A-receding. B-approaching. C-nearly out of range.

A-receding.

Heat normally flows from objects of high A-temperature to objects of low temperature. B-internal energy to objects of low internal energy. C-both of these D-neither of these

A-temperature to objects of low temperature.

In terms of transferring heat, red-hot wooden coals A- conduct quite well B- conduct poorly C- radiate poorly D- convect poorly

B- conduct poorly

You can safely hold your fingers on both sides of a candle flame due mainly to A - conduction B- convection C- radiation D- none of the above

B- convection

Because of trapped air inside, snow is a A- good conductor B- good insulator

B- good insulator

A blueberry pie will be a net absorber of energy when its temperature is A-higher than its surroundings B- lower than its surroundings

B- lower than its surroundings

The form of heat transfer that doesn't depend on a medium is A-conduction. B- radiation C-convection D-all of the above

B- radiation

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for heat, you would be warmer in A-a car. B-an igloo. C-a wooden house. D-a tent.

B-an igloo.

If you release a single molecule in an evacuated region it will initially A-convect upward. B-fall just as a baseball would. C-move in any direction. D-be buoyed upward. E-none of the above

B-fall just as a baseball would.

When a hot object makes thermal contact with a cold object, the direction of A-temperature is from hot to cold. B-internal energy flow is from hot to cold C-both of these D-neither of these

B-internal energy flow is from hot to cold

When an object absorbs as much as it radiates A-it is a net radiator. B-it remains at about the same temperature. C-it is a net absorber. D-none of the above

B-it remains at about the same temperature.

The reason you can walk barefoot on red-hot coals of wood without burning your feet mainly involves A-mind over matter techniques. B-low conductivity of the coals. C-low temperature of the coals.

B-low conductivity of the coals.

A good reflector of radiation is a A-good emitter of radiation. B-poor absorber of radiation. C-good absorber of radiation. D-none of the above

B-poor absorber of radiation.

A Thermos bottle has double glass walls with silver coating on the glass surfaces that face each other. The silver coating reduces energy transfer by A-convection. B-radiation. C-conduction. D-all the above E-none of the above

B-radiation.

The higher the temperature of an object, the A - longer the wavelengths it radiates B- shorter the wavelengths it radiates C- makes no difference in the wavelengths it radiates

B-shorter the wavelengths it radiates.

It is commonly thought that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling A-is unrelated to this common knowledge. B-supports this common knowledge. C-contradicts this common knowledge.

B-supports this common knowledge.

Sun's radiant energy is composed of shorter wavelengths than Earth's due to Sun's greater A-size. B-surface temperature. C-both of these D-neither of these

B-surface temperature.

A block of wood and a block of copper will feel neither hot nor cold to the touch when they each have A-equal conductivities. B-your temperature. C-equal temperatures. D-none of the above

B-your temperature.

The form of heat transfer that doesn't depend on a medium is A- conduction B- convection C- radiation D- all of the above

C- radiation

Blow on your hand with your mouth open. Then do the same with your lips puckered and you'll find A-the breath from puckered lips is cooler. B-a difference in temperatures. C-both of these D-neither of these

C-both of these

Solar power is used in many parts of the world for A-generating electricity. B-heating water. C-both of these D-neither of these

C-both of these

Steam that issues from a pressure cooker A-cools as it expands. B-is invisible. C-both of these D-neither of these

C-both of these

The lower the temperature of an object, the A-longer the wavelengths it radiates. B-lower the frequency of radiation it emits. C-both of these D-neither of these

C-both of these

A parcel of warmed air rises due to A-radiation. B-increased energy of its molecules. C-buoyancy. D-random molecular motion.

C-buoyancy.

Soaring birds and glider pilots can remain aloft for hours without expending power, due to A-conduction. B-radiation. C-convection. D-all of the above

C-convection.

Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to A-gases. B-liquids. C-fluids. D-solids. E-none of the above

C-fluids.

On a cold day your feet feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because a rug A-for the same mass has more internal energy than tile. B-is usually warmer than tile. C-is a poorer conductor. D-all of the above E-none of the above

C-is a poorer conductor.

If a poor absorber of radiation were a good emitter, its temperature would be A-the same as its surroundings. B-more than its surroundings. C-less than its surroundings.

C-less than its surroundings.

Metals are good conductors of both heat and electricity due to A-both transferring energy easily. B-high elasticity of metals. C-looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms. D-similar thermal and electrical conductive properties. E-relatively high densities of metals.

C-looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms.

Which is the most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere? A-nitrogen. B-carbon dioxide. C-water vapor. D-none of the above

C-water vapor.

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for heat, you would be warmer in A-a tent. B- a car C- a wooden house D- an igloo

D- an igloo

The solar constant for Earth is A-1.0 kW/m2. B-more than 1.4 kW/m2. C-0.7 kW/m2. D-1.4 kW/m2.

D-1.4 kW/m2.

A bare roof on a warmly heated home on a snowy day indicates A-an unwanted flow of heat B-fairly good conductivity. C-poor insulation. D-all of the above

D-all of the above

Glass in a florist's greenhouse acts as a one-way valve in that it A-is transparent only to lower-frequency waves. B-lets light energy flow only in one direction. C-cuts off unwanted radiation. D-allows high-frequency waves in and blocks low-frequency waves exiting.

D-allows high-frequency waves in and blocks low-frequency waves exiting.

solar power

Energy per unit time received from the Sun.

terrestial radiation

The radiation emitted by Earth to outer space.

Newton's law of cooling

The rate of loss of heat from a warm object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings. (Similarly for the gain of heat by a cool object.)

Radiation

The transfer of energy by means of electromagnetic waves.

Conduction

The transfer of heat energy by molecular and electron collisions within a substance (especially a solid).

Convection

The transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid. The fluid moves, carrying energy with it.

greenhouse effect

Warming of the lower atmosphere by short-wavelength radiation from the Sun that penetrates the atmosphere, is absorbed by Earth, and is reradiated at longer wavelengths that cannot easily escape Earth's atmosphere.

Which of these electromagnetic waves has the lowest frequency? a)Infrared b)Visible c)Ultraviolet d)Gamma rays

a)Infrared

A cool pizza placed in a hot pizza oven is a net a)absorber. b)emitter. c)Both of these. d)None of these.

a)absorber.

A hot pizza placed in snow on a cold winter day is a net a)absorber. b)emitter. c)Both of these. d)None of these.

a)absorber.

Thermal conduction has most to do with a)electrons. b)protons. c)neutrons. d)ions.

a)electrons.

Glass is transparent to short-wavelength light and is a)opaque to long-wavelength waves. b)opaque to the same light that is reflected from an interior surface. c)Both of these. d)None of these.

a)opaque to long-wavelength waves.

A firewalker walking barefoot across hot wooden coals depends on wood's a)poor conduction. b)good conduction. c)low specific heat capacity. d)convection.

a)poor conduction.

The origin of much of the internal energy in Earth's interior is a)radioactive decay. b)high gravitational pressures. c)rocks grinding against one another. d)trapped radiant energy.

a)radioactive decay.

A high-temperature source radiates relatively a)short wavelengths. b)long wavelengths. c)low frequencies of radiation. d)None of these.

a)short wavelengths.

When air is compressed, it generally a)warms. b)cools. c)rarefies. d)expands later.

a)warms.

Which star has the higher temperature? a)A red-hot star b)A blue-hot star c)A white-hot star d)Not enough information for an answer.

b)A blue-hot star

When air rapidly expands, it generally a)warms. b)cools. c)undergoes convection. d)radiates energy.

b)cools.

Thermal convection has most to do with a)radiant energy. b)fluids. c)insulators. d)All of these.

b)fluids.

Compared with radiation from the Sun, terrestrial radiation has a lower a)wavelength. b)frequency. c)Both of these. d)None of these.

b)frequency.

It is commonly thought that a can of beverage will cool faster if placed in the coldest compartment in a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling a)contradicts this. b)supports this. c)both supports and contradicts this. d)has nothing to do with this.

b)supports this.

Which body emits radiant energy? a)Sun b)Earth c)Both d)Neither

c)Both

An object that absorbs energy well also a)conducts well. b)convects well. c)radiates well. d)None of these.

c)radiates well.

Heat comes from the Sun to Earth by the process of a)conduction. b)convection. c)radiation. d)All of these, though radiation is greater.

c)radiation.

Heat can be transferred by a)conduction. b)convection. c)radiation. d)All of these.

d)All of these.

Solar power can be obtained by a)photovoltaic cells placed in sunlight. b)dark-colored piping that warms water in sunlight. c)hanging clothes out to dry on clotheslines in sunlight. d)All of these.

d)All of these.

Which of these electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelengths? a)Infrared b)Visible c)Ultraviolet d)Gamma rays

d)Gamma rays