Chapter 17 Blood

35) Erythropoiesis is stimulated when. D) both oxygen levels in the blood increase and blood flow to the kidney declines. E) both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

40) The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells. A) hematocrit B) complete blood count C) reticulocyte count D) differential count

differential count

29) The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except A) during anemia. B) at high altitudes. C) as a consequence of hemorrhage. D) during periods of fasting. E) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted.

during periods of fasting

85) ________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes

Monocytes

73) Overall, the most common blood type is A) A. B) B. C) AB. D) O. E) There is no common pattern of blood type distribution.

O.

41) The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes. A) RBC count B) complete blood count

RBC count

100) Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway. A) extrinsic B) intrinsic C) common D) retraction E) fibrinolytic

intrinsic

17) The most abundant component of plasma is A) ions. B) proteins. C) water. D) gases. E) nutrients.

water.

7) The combination of plasma and formed elements is called A) serum. B) lymph. C) whole blood. D) extracellular fluid. E) packed blood.

whole blood.

45) ________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs. A) Ribosomes B) Mitochondria C) DNA D) Hemoglobin molecules

Hemoglobin molecules

89) During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) reticulocytes. E) thrombocytes.

neutrophils.

48) More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is A) albumin. B) porphyrin. C) hemoglobin. D) immunoglobulin. E) fibrinogen.

48: hemoglobin.

11) The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters. A) 10 B) 6 to 8 C) 5 to 6

5 to 6

55) All the circulating red blood cells originate in the A) heart. B) thymus. C) spleen. D) red bone marrow. E) lymph tissue.

55: red bone marrow.

21) Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. A) 55; 92 B) 92; 7 C) 92; 55 D) 45; 55 E) 50; 50

55; 92

57) Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the A) spleen. B) liver. C) bone marrow. D) kidney. E) None of the answers is correct.

57: kidney.

63) ________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. A) Erythroblasts B) Normoblasts C) Myeloblasts D) Band cells E) Reticulocytes

63: Reticulocytes

64) Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen? A) hemoglobin B) immunoglobulin C) albumin D) transferrin E) All of the answers are correct

64: hemoglobin

68) Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? A) erythrocytes B) platelets C) reticulocytes D) lymphocytes E) neutrophils

68: reticulocytes

86) White blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

86: eosinophils.

92) ________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. A) Vascular spasm B) The platelet phase C) Retraction D) Coagulation

92: Coagulation

5) Which of the following statements about blood is false? A) It contains buffers that control pH. B) Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0. C) It is more viscous than water.

Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0.

81) Which of the following is false concerning monocytes? A) about same size as basophils B) enter tissues and wander C) become macrophages D) are long-lived E) can phagocytize bacteria

about same size as basophils

42) Hematology can detect all of the following except A) anemia. B) clotting disorders. C) diminished erythropoiesis. D) infection. E) body temperature.

body temperature.

69) In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? A) a person suffering from higher levels of hemolysis B) an alcoholic with a damaged liver C) a person with an iron-deficient diet D) both a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver

both a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver

28) Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________. A) thymosin; thymus B) angiotensin; lungs C) erythropoietin; kidneys

erythropoietin; kidneys

99) Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway. A) extrinsic B) intrinsic C) common

extrinsic

16) A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is A) albumin alpha. B) fibrinogen. C) immunoglobulin A. D) platelets. E) transport proteins.

fibrinogen.

53) Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to A) carry hemoglobin. B) form stacks.

form stacks.

18) A hematocrit provides information on A) blood type. B) clotting factors. C) formed elements abundance.

formed elements abundance.

65) The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except A) excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. B) extensive breakdown of RBCs. C) destruction of hemoglobin. D) blockage of bile ducts. E) hematuria.

hematuria

39) An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in A) decreased iron absorption. B) renal anemia. C) increased erythropoiesis.

increased erythropoiesis.

79) Which of the following is not true of basophils? A) constitute about 1 percent of WBCs B) promote inflammation C) granules contain histamine D) contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain E) increased production during parasitic infections

increased production during parasitic infections

24) Plasma is closest in ionic composition to A) urine. B) isotonic saline solution. C) sterile water. D) CSF. E) interstitial fluid.

interstitial fluid.

51) Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of A) magnesium. B) calcium. C) iron.

iron.

67) If bile ducts are blocked, which of the following would not occur? A) more bilirubin appears in the plasma B) bilirubin appears in the skin C) less hemolysis would occur D) increased jaundice E) yellow color of the sclera

less hemolysis would occur

36) Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called A) erythroblasts. B) normoblasts. C) megakaryocytes.

megakaryocytes.

80) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils? A) release histamine B) become macrophages C) defend against specific pathogens or toxins and produce antibodies in response to antigens D) kill bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals E) often elevated in allergic individuals

often elevated in allergic individuals

62) The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as A) hemocytoblasts. B) reticulocytes. C) band forms. D) myeloid cells. E) proerythroblasts.

reticulocytes.

26) When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis. A) combined B) lysed C) separated D) marked E) returned to the body

separated

27) The normal pH of blood is A) slightly alkaline. B) neutral. C) slightly acidic. D) extremely alkaline. E) extremely acidic.

slightly alkaline.

74) People with type AB blood are considered the ʺuniversal recipientʺ for transfusions because A) their blood cells lack A and B antigens. B) their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

93) The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by A) fibrinogen-converting enzyme. B) plasmin. C) factor VIII. D) thrombin. E) prothrombin activator.

thrombin

3) Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except A) the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles. B) viscosity about the same as water.

viscosity about the same as water.

37) Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called A) erythropoietin (EPO). B) colony-stimulating factor. C) renin D) estrogen. E) fibrin.

erythropoietin (EPO)

30) When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect A) a drop in oxygen levels. B) the release of erythropoietin. C) a rise in hematocrit. D) All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

20) Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A) RBCs B) platelets C) antibodies D) lymphocytes E) basophils

antibodies

8) The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the A) viscosity. B) specific gravity. C) packed volume. D) hematocrit. E) differential cell count.

hematocrit.

58) The waste product bilirubin is produced from A) globin chains of hemoglobin. B) heme molecules plus iron. C) heme molecules lacking iron. D) iron found in hemoglobin molecules. E) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

heme molecules lacking iron.

52) Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that A) she is suffering from anemia. B) she has fewer red blood cells than normal. C) her hematocrit is probably lower than normal. E) her hemoglobin level is normal.

her hemoglobin level is normal.

31) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? A) releases histamine B) antibodies are one type C) hormone that regulates blood cell formation

hormone that regulates blood cell formation

43) An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed A) anemia. B) polycythemia. C) hyperchromic. D) macrocytic. E) reticulocytosis.

hyperchromic.

15) Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) immunoglobulins. D) platelets. E) transport proteins.

immunoglobulins.

82) All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are A) granular leukocytes. B) phagocytic. C) round cells with lobed nuclei. D) important in coagulation. E) active in fighting bacterial infections.

important in coagulation.

12) Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? A) pancreas B) heart C) kidney D) brain E) liver

liver

2) All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except A) blood. B) arteries. C) heart. D) lymph vessels. E) capillaries.

lymph vessels.

83) The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

neutrophils.

10) Platelets are A) red cells that lack a nucleus. B) blue cells that have a nucleus. C) large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. D) tiny cells with a polynucleus. E) cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

50) Each hemoglobin molecule contains A) four alpha chains. B) one alpha and one beta chain. C) four iron ions.

four iron ions.

54) RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their A) cell shape. B) concentration of Hb. C) flexibility. D) lack of nucleus. E) large surface area-to-volume ratio.

lack of nucleus.

88) Which of the following is false concerning neutrophils? A) less abundant than lymphocytes B) can make cytotoxic chemicals C) can exit capillaries D) can destroy bacteria E) produced in the bone marrow

less abundant than lymphocytes

1) Which of the following is not a function of blood? A) transport of nutrients and wastes B) transport of body heat C) transport of gases D) defense against toxins and pathogens E) produce hormones

produce hormones

13) The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of A) water. B) electrolytes. C) nitrogen wastes. D) proteins. E) glucose.

proteins.

59) Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is A) excreted by the kidneys. B) excreted by the liver. C) excreted by the intestines. D) recycled to red bone marrow. E) stored in yellow bone marrow.

recycled to red bone marrow.

33) Granulocytes form in A) the intestines. B) the spleen. C) the thymus. D) red bone marrow.

red bone marrow.

72) If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then A) the donorʹs antibodies bind with the recipientʹs antigens. B) the donorʹs antigens bind with the recipientʹs antigens. C) the donorʹs antibodies bind with the recipientʹs antibodies. D) the donorʹs antigens bind with the recipientʹs antibodies. E) there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

84) White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

basophils.

4) Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except A) nutrients from the digestive tract to the body. B) hormones from endocrine glands to target cells. C) carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues. D) wastes from the cells to the kidneys. E) stored nutrients from the liver to the tissues.

carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues.

49) The function of hemoglobin is to A) carry oxygen. B) defend against bacterial infection.

carry oxygen

47) The function of red blood cells is to A) carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the bodyʹs cells. B) carry oxygen from the lungs to the bodyʹs cells.

carry oxygen from the lungs to the bodyʹs cells.

102) A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to A) cause clots to form faster. B) cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. C) initiate clot formation. D) mimic erythropoietin. E) recruit neutrophils to an infection.

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

25) You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be? A) 6.6 L B) 6.0 L C) 5.6 L D) 1.8 L E) 3.8 L

3.8 L

34) In adults, the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is A) the liver. B) the spleen. C) the thymus. D) red bone marrow. E) yellow bone marrow.

34: red bone marrow.

56) The average lifespan of a red blood cell is A) 24 hours. B) 1 month. C) 4 months. D) about 1 year. E) many years.

4 months

6) Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? A) 55 percent B) 78 percent C) 60 percent D) 45 percent E) 20 percent

45 percent

75) Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. Which of the following is not true? A) Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion. B) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. C) Bill is Rh negative. D) Billʹs plasma contains B antibodies. E) Billʹs plasma contains Rh antibodies.

Billʹs plasma contains Rh antibodies.

78) How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? A) It prevents maternal anti-Rh antibodies from crossing the placenta. B) It destroys maternal anti-Rh antibodies. C) It destroys fetal anti-Rh antibodies. D) It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

46) Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? A) Red cells are biconcave discs. B) Red cells lack mitochondria. C) Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter.

Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter.

77) Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if A) the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative. B) both the father and the mother are Rh negative. C) both the father and the mother are Rh positive. D) an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. E) an Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus.

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

38) Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations. A) erythropoietin (EPO) B) colony-stimulating factor

colony-stimulating factor

98) The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is A) thrombin. B) plasmin. C) heparin.

plasmin

19) Which of the following is not a component of plasma? A) electrolytes B) platelets C) fibrinogen D) albumin E) water

platelets

44) An elevated hematocrit value is termed A) anemia. B) polycythemia.

polycythemia.

70) A personʹs blood type is determined largely by the A) size of the RBCs. B) volume of the RBCs. C) chemical character of the hemoglobin. D) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. E) shape of the RBCs.

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

94) The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

32) The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except A) the spleen. B) the kidney. C) the lymph nodes.

the kidney.

76) Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to A) the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the motherʹs RBCs. B) the fetal immune system producing antibodies against the fetusʹ RBCs. C) the motherʹs immune system producing antibodies against the fetusʹ RBCs.

the motherʹs immune system producing antibodies against the fetusʹ RBCs.

90) Below are some of the factors involved in the extrinsic clotting pathway. 1. calcium 2. tissue factor (III) 3. prothrombin 4. factor X 5. fibrin 6. clotting factor VII What answer corresponds to the correct order in which they occur from the time of tissue damage to the formation of a blood clot?

2,1,6,4,3,5

22) Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma? A) fibrinogen B) steroid-binding protein C) hormone-binding protein D) albumin

22: albumin

23) Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by A) platelets. B) megakaryocytes. C) the liver. D) the kidneys. E) the spleen.

23: the liver.

95) The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen.

101) Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) produce antibodies in response to antigens

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

14) The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are A) globulins. B) transport proteins. C) albumins. D) lipoproteins. E) fibrinogens.

albumins.

66) After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect A) an increased reticulocyte count. B) an increased platelet count. C) an increased erythrocyte count. D) an increased neutrophil count. E) increased levels of clotting factors

an increased reticulocyte count.

71) A person with Type A blood has A) antigen A on the RBCs. B) anti-B antibodies in the plasma. C) anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells. D) antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

96) The common pathway of coagulation begins with the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator. E) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator.

87) Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes? A) release histamine B) become macrophages C) defend against specific pathogens or toxins

defend against specific pathogens or toxins

97) The process of fibrinolysis A) activates fibrinogen. B) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together. C) dissolves clots. D) forms emboli. E) forms thrombi.

dissolves clots

91) Platelets function in all of the following except A) dissolving a formed clot. B) forming temporary clump in injured areas. C) contracting after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting

dissolving a formed clot.

61) The process of red blood cell production is called A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropenia. C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis.

erythropoiesis.