Chapter 17: blood

Which of the following is true regarding the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor.

Blood type is determined by __________.

antigens present on the surface of erythrocytes Blood type is determined by antigens (agglutinogens) present on the surface of erythrocytes. The type of antigens present on the RBC surface is genetically determined.

basophil

bilobed nucleus and dark-staining cytoplasmic granules

thrombin

converts fibrinogen to fibrin

The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called __________.

diapedesis (The migration of white blood cells out of the blood vessels is called diapedesis. Leukocytosis is an increase in leukocyte count. Transcytosis is the movement of a substance across a cell layer. Active transport is a means of moving a substance into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient.)

A free-floating blood clot is called a thrombus.

False

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh+ woman is pregnant with an Rh- baby.

False (Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus. HDN is unlikely to develop in an Rh- female's first pregnancy with an Rh+ baby. However, HDN can develop in a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ baby.)

Choose the true statement about fetal hemoglobin.

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte?

It has a biconcave disc shape.

Which of the following is NOT a role of albumin?

It serves an immune system function.

plasmin

fibrin-digesting enzyme

heparin

inhibits coagulation

Erythropoietin (EPO) is made primarily by the __________.

kidneys (The kidneys make erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production when blood oxygen levels drop below normal.)

Overproduction of white blood cells is called __________.

leukocytosis

Platelets are derived from __________.

megakaryocytes

A patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop __________.

pernicious anemia (Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia will develop when a lack of intrinsic factor leads to a B12 deficiency. Aplastic anemia results from damage to or inhibition of the red bone marrow. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by defective hemoglobin. A person who has suffered excessive blood loss would exhibit hemorrhagic anemia.)

would make antibodies to the B antigen but not the A antigen

person with type A blood

would have type A and B antigens

person with type AB blood

would make antibodies to the A antigen but not the B antigen

person with type B blood

would make antibodies to the A and B antigens

person with type O blood

Erythropoiesis is best defined as __________.

red blood cell production (Erythropoiesis is the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Leukopoiesis is the production of leukocytes (white blood cells).

lymphocyte

small agranulocyte with a lifespan that ranges from a few hours to decades

Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the __________.

spleen

platelet-derived growth factor

stimulates blood vessel healing

neutrophil

the most numerous type of white blood cell

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of hemostasis from start to end?

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Which of the following is considered a type of lymphocyte?

B cell

One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of __________ oxygen molecules.

four

prothrombin activator

generates thrombin

eosinophil

has a role in killing parasitic worms

The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the __________.

hematocrit

macrophage

highly phagocytic cell with a U- or kidney-shaped nucleus