Chapter 17 Psych Quiz
______ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.
dementia
Which of the following is a result of declining color vision in the green-blue-violet part of the color spectrum?
difficulty in accurately distinguishing between objects of closely related colors
Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?
free-radical theory
In the study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Larger (1977), which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives?
it was found to increase longevity
Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by
injecting it with telomerase
80-year-old Lucia has difficulty remembering to call her son every Sunday at noon. This is most likely due to a decline in her ________ memory.
prospective
Michael's mother always forgets to take her heart medication. So, every night Michael calls her after dinner to remind her about her medicines. This demonstrates that Michael's mother is experiencing a decline in ________ memory.
prospective
Older adults have more difficulty determining the time required to step on the brakes when a traffic light suddenly turns red. This is because they have...
slower perceptual speed
According to the cellular clock theory of aging, cells can divide a maximum of
75 to 80 times.
A recent meta-analysis of seven studies concluded that dietary intakes (not vitamin supplements) of vitamin E, C, and beta-carotene were linked to a reduced risk of __________ disease.
Alzheimer
Which of the following statements about cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics is true?
Educational qualifications and professional skills are components of cognitive pragmatics.
Which of the following statements is true of the hormonal stress theory of aging?
It argues that when faced with external challenges such as stressful situations, the human body adapts by altering internal physiological processes.
Defects in mitochondria are linked with
Parkinson disease
If born today in the United States, which of the following persons would have the highest life expectancy?
Susanna who is a Latino female
Which of the following in a biological theory explaining aging?
mitochondrial theory
When laced with external challenges such as stressful situations, the human body adapts by altering internal physiological processes. This process of adaptation and adjustment is referred to as
allostasis
Which of the following is a way of preventing osteoporosis in middle-aged women?
avoiding smoking
Felicia is a 70-year-old American woman. Her doctor should be most concerned about her developing _____, the leading cause of death in her age group.
cancer
According to recent studies, which of the following is true of centenarians (person who has reached the age of 100)?
chronic high-morality diseases are markedly delayed for many years in centenarians.
Which of the following is one of the best predictors of job performance in older adults?
cognitive ability
Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to the decline in fluid mechanics in late adulthood?
decline in processing speed
The majority of older adults aged 80 and over
continue to live in the community.
According to a study conducted by Gow, Pattie, and Deary, which of the following is linked to less cognitive decline in late adulthood?
engaging in physical activity
Which of the following can be attributed to giving Americans the option to retire?
establishment of Social Security system in 1935
Tara is 68 years old. In terms of percentage of total weight, which of the following is most likely to increase in her late adulthood?
fat
The oldest-old today are mostly
female
Nate and Laura are siblings in their late 60s. Compared with Nate, Laura is less likely to have
hearing problems
According to research by Baltes and his colleagues, which of the following statements about wisdom is true?
high level of wisdom are rare
Which of the following is the region of the adult human brain where neurogenesis has been documented?
hippocampus
John is 70 years old. He has been a chain smoker throughout his adult years. Consequently, now he is unable to see clearly objects that are in close proximity even though he has a relatively normal peripheral vision. The disease that has marred John's vision is
macular degeneration.
A study revealed that hearing loss was associated with a reduction in cognitive function in
older adults.
______ is triggered by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
parkinson disease
is a cognitive resource that involves the ability to perform tasks such as deciding whether pairs of two-digit or two-letter strings are the same or different or determining the time required to step on the brakes when the car directly ahead stops.
perceptual speed
According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to ________, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood.
reproductive fitness
Evidence is increasing that _____ plays a key role in red wine's health benefits.
resveratrol
Which of the following is true of substance abuse?
substance abuse among older adults is an "invisible epidemic" in the United States
According to cellular clock theory, after about 70 or 80 replications, the cell can no longer reproduce and the ________ are dramatically reduced.
telomeres
Which of the following is a term used to describe sustained attention?
vigilance
What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress?
younger people have a slower restorative process after a stressful episode than older people.
The ________ is one area that shrinks more than others with aging.
prefrontal cortex
