chapter 17 study guide
What type of specimen is most commonly used for drug tests (excluding alcohol)?
Urine
Identify the preanalytical problem that might affect blood alcohol results if it is incorrectly performed when taking a blood sample by fingerstick or venipuncture.
Use of isopropanol pad
What is a qualitative test result for drug analysis?
Used for screening, provides positive or negative result only
In a rape case, what type of forensic specimen might be common for analysis?
Vaginal swab
What patient variables can affect BAC?
Weight
In the U.S., what is the legal limit for blood alcohol content for drivers under the age of 21?
0 %
"Binge drinking" means having:
5 or more drinks in a row at least once in 2 weeks.
What is a CCF?
A form used for a chain of custody
For a chain of custody specimen, if the blood is clotted, what should be done next?
Accept the specimen for testing
What is a measure to prevent tampering with a urine specimen that can be done at the site of the toilet?
Add bluing to the toilet water
What is the most commonly abused substance among adults and teenagers?
Alcohol
Which of the following is NOT an illicit substance?
Alcohol
If tampering is suspected, what can the collector do?
Ask the donor to collect another specimen
Individuals who are worried about drug testing results may try to tamper with their urine specimens in which of the following ways?
Asking a friend provide the specimen and pose as the donor B. Hiding adulterants in ceiling tiles of the restroom C. Concealing adulterants in paper towel holders D. !!!!!!All of the above!!!!!
Taking the temperature of a urine specimen for drug testing should occur within what time period after it is collected?
Within 4 minutes
If a urine sample for drug testing smells like bleach, what might this indicate?
Bleach was added to the urine.
The most accurate measurement for alcohol levels in the body uses which type of specimen?
Blood
Which specimen is commonly used for screening alcohol levels in drivers suspected of drunk driving?
Breath
Compared to routine clinical specimens, forensic specimens often have what additional information on the label?
Case number
Which of the following may NOT be required by federal law to participate in anti-drug programs?
College professionals
In the U.S., The Departments of Transportation, Defense, and Energy, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission utilize a chain of custody form called a:
Custody and Control form.
What are examples of abbreviations/term(s) used for an alcohol-impaired driver?
DUI, DWI
Which department provides the standards for testing specimens for workplace drug testing?
Department of Transportation
Select one reason that drug testing is used in the workplace.
Determines if an employee is impaired
What are the most likely consequences of a positive drug test in the workplace?
Disciplinary action or imposed leaves
The timing for detecting drugs is dependent on which of the following?
Dose of the drug taken
The "chain of custody" means that documentation should be kept for a specimen during which time period?
During processing, transfer, and storage B. When the specimen is discarded C. When the specimen is received D. !!!!!!All of the above!!!!
Which is an example of a forensic specimen that is acceptable for testing?
Fingernail B. A strand of hair C. Contact lens D. !!!!!!All of the above!!!!!!!
What is an example of "trace evidence"?
Fingerprints
The chain of custody is applied specifically for which types of specimens?
Forensic and/or toxicology tests
Alcohol can be categorized as what type of drug?
Gateway
Under what conditions would a specimen be deemed unacceptable in a forensic laboratory?
Hemolyzed B. Over twenty-four hours old C. Clotted D. !!!!!!!None of the above!!!!!!!
Why is DNA analysis useful in forensic analysis?
It is unique to individuals (except identical twins).
If a urine sample for drug testing is turbid and foaming, what might this indicate?
Liquid soap was added to the urine.
"Illicit drugs" include illegal drugs such as cocaine and heroin, but can also include abuse of:
OTC and prescription drugs.
Which of the following is an acceptable form of identification for drug testing?
Photo ID issued by government agency
When a forensic blood specimen has been exposed to blood from multiple individuals, what should be done?
Process/analyze it like all forensic blood specimens
What is a quantitative test result for drug analysis?
Provides a definitive drug amount/level
POC immunoassays are used in drug testing for what type of results?
Qualitative
Compared to a venipuncture specimen, labeling a forensic specimen involves documenting which extra step(s)?
Site where the specimen was retrieved and reference ID number
What type of identification would NOT be acceptable for identifying a donor who is to provide a urine specimen for drug testing?
Social security card
The continuing, compulsive use of a substance, even in light of negative effects, is called:
addiction.
A "postmortem" specimen is one that is:
collected after death, e.g., autopsy.
The health care worker responsible for collecting the specimen for a drug test must provide the donor with:
complete instructions about specimen collection and handling.
DNA has which characteristic(s)?
Stays the same throughout life. B. Is exactly the same in all cells of the body (except reproductive). C. Is different in everyone (except identical twins). D. !!!!!!!!!!All of the above.!!!!!!!!!
What is the definition of the term "adulteration" when referring to drug testing?
Tampering with a specimen
In a chain of custody transfer, if the seal is opened before the specimen reaches the testing laboratory, what does this mean?
That the chain has been broken
What is the most important problem for the health care worker responsible for collecting specimens for drug testing programs?
The donor tampering with the specimen
What is the meaning of a positive result for a drug test?
The individual has used the drug recently.
What is a "window of detection"?
Time after use that a drug is detectable
What is the purpose of an autopsy?
To determine a cause of death
For federal workplace drug testing programs, the "collector" has the ultimate accountability for confirming identity of the:
donor and the urine specimen.
The most specific and accurate form of drug testing is:
gas chromatography- mass spectrometry.
Forensic specimens can be expected to appear:
in any condition.
When describing a chain of custody specimen, the term "decedent" means the specimen:
is from a deceased person.
The donor who has gone into a stall to collect a urine specimen for drug testing should:
leave purses, briefcases, or bags outside.
After a donor has collected a urine specimen for drug testing, the collector is responsible for:
maintaining control of the specimen and forms.
The compound that is produced by the body (and detected by laboratory analyses) when the body processes a drug is called:
metabolite.
OTC refers to:
over the counter.
The chain of custody form must include a signature from the:
person who obtained and processed the specimen
Specimens collected during an autopsy are called:
postmortem evidence.
Collecting forensic specimens is different from collecting blood from a patient in a hospital because:
specimens may be decomposing.
Some urine containers for drug testing have a:
temperature-sensitive strip.
Responsibilities of the collector of a specimen for drug testing does NOT usually include:
transporting donor.
In the U.S., what is the legal limit for blood alcohol content?
0.08%
Random drug testing is common in which of the following populations?
Safety-sensitive positions
Chain of custody specimens should be transported in which of the listed containers?
Sealed, tamper-evident bag
The term "forensic toxicology" refers to the study of:
poisons/drugs in legal investigations.
The term "toxicology" refers to the study of:
poisons/drugs.