Chapter 17 The Periodic Table quizzes and chapter review

The precursor of chemistry, known as ______ was a mixture of mysticism, magic, and genuine science.

Alchemy

What to aspects of an at atoms electron structure does its location on the periodic table reveal?

An atoms group number indicates the number of valance electrons it should have. Its period reveals how many energy levels it has

Mendeleev arranged the elements of the periodic table In increasing ______ ______.

Atomic mass

Henry Mosleys work lead to Mendeleevs periodic table being re-arranged according to _______ _______.

Atomic number

Why did chemist need to organize the elements into a table?

Before the periodic table was made students had to memorize every single thing about every element putting it in a table would make it easier to understand.

Who developed the symbols used today for elements?

Berzelius

Why are alkali and alkaline earth metals never found in their pure form in nature?

Both alkali and alkaline earth metals are too reactive to be found in nature

How did mendeleev organize the elements on his periodic table?

By increasing atomic mass

Modern ______ ______ are based on one or two letters from the elements name.

Chemical symbols

Metallic character in elements ________ across a period from left to right.

Decreases

A ______ element consist of a _______ made of two identical atoms.

Diatomic, molecule

What do you chemists use to graphically represent the arrangement of valance electrons in a particular atom?

Electron dot notation

Robert Boyle defined an _______ as a substance that could not be broken down into simpler substances.

Element

How did discoveries in the 1700s help define what an element is?

Established true chemical elements could not be decomposed into simpler substances.

T/F A period contains all the elements that have the same number of valance electrons.

False

T/F Dimitri Mendeleev was the first to recognize the periodicity of element properties with increasing atomic mass.

False

T/F Elements in the same period have similar properties.

False

T/F Group 1B and a group one are the same family.

False

T/F Nonmetals all have similar physical and chemical properties.

False

T/F Of the 92 naturally occurring elements, five of them are liquid at room temperature.

False

T/F One difficult aspect of the fuel cell technology is safely storing liquid oxygen and hydrogen in a vehicle.

False

T/F Since Mosleys time the periodic table has changed very little.

False

T/F The alkali metals alkaline earth metals are commonly found in need of mineral deposits all over the world.

False

T/F There are four types of elements: metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases.

False

T/F electron dot notation shows all the electrons in the atom at a glance.

False

Neutral unbonded elements in the same ______ of the periodic table have the same number of valance electrons.

Family

What are the chemical symbols for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, helium.

H, O, C, He

Name one element that is a monatomic element.

Helium

Name one element that is a diatomic element.

Hydrogen

What are the symbols doe hydrogen and oxygen written with subscripts of two in the fuel cell reaction equation?

Hydrogen and oxygen occur as diatomic molecules

Valance electrons in atoms with more energy levels are held more ______ due to their greater distance from the nucleus.

Loosely

Name one element that is liquid at room temperature.

Mercury

The three types of elements are metals, nonmetals and _________.

Metalloids

Suggest a reason why scientists thought that relating element periodicity to octave music scales was not considered scientific.

Music wouldn't be considered scientific because it doesn't follow the scientific method.

When solid elements are found in their pure form in nature, what is this form called? Give two examples of such elements.

Native minerals; ex: gold and silver

Name one element that is a gas.

Oxygen

All the early attempts to organize the elements revealed that element properties seemed to repeat at regular intervals. What is this principle called?

Periodicity

Why do some elements have three letters in their chemical symbol?

Recently discovers elements are given temporary names until their discoveries can be verified

How could electron dot notation help predict an elements activity?

The electron dot notation displays the number and arrangement of valence electrons in an atom of the elements

What did the blank spaces in Mendeleevs periodic table represent?

The elements not yet discovered

How does the classification of elements change from left to right across a period?

The general trend of elements type across a period is from metal to nonmetal.

When the inner energy levels shield shield electrons from the attraction of the nucleus, how is atomic size affected?

The negative charge of the inner energy love shield the outer energy levels from nuclear change allowing electrons to move farther from the nucleus.

Why does the symbol of an element not necessarily stand for the smallest naturally occurring quantity of the element. Give examples.

The smallest naturally occurring particle of and element may be a diatomic or polyatomic molecule. Ex: oxygen as O2, O3, or O4.

The properties of metals are determined by what aspect of their valance electrons?

The valance electrons are not held very strongly and are easy to remove.

Why do properties very so much among the nonmetals?

There is a greater variety in electron structures among the elements.

What was alchemy's contribution to identifying elements?

They discovered and purified many chemicals substances, some were later identified as elements.

Why are the noble gases very stable in reluctant to bond with other elements?

They have a complete set of valance electrons

What makes the halogens so reactive?

They lack one electron to have a complete valance octet.

Three of the seven elements mentioned in the Bible are...

Tin, copper, gold

T/F A pair of electrons in an orbital are more stable than a single electron.

True

T/F Although hydrogen is in the same group as the alkali metals, it is not a metal.

True

T/F Berzelius developed a much simpler and more logical symbolic system based on the first two letters of an elements Latin name.

True

T/F By breaking water down into hydrogen and oxygen, Lavoisier demonstrated that the classic element model had serious workability problems.

True

T/F Group 5A has very different elements in it, even though they all have the same number of valance electrons.

True

T/F One of the atomic molecules that exist as more than one or two atoms is ozone.

True

T/F Only one metal is a liquid at room temperature.

True

T/F Periods show how many energy levels the elements have.

True

T/F Solid nonmetals existing as brittle crystals shatter easily, and are poor conductors of electricity and heat.

True

T/F The majority of the elements are metals.

True

T/F The materials mentioned in the Bible known as elements were not known as element when the Bible was written.

True

T/F The modern definition of a chemical element whisper stated by Antoine Lavoisier.

True

T/F elements with nearly 8 balance electrons tend to be chemically active.

True

T/F the metallic character of elements in a family tends to increase with atomic number.

True

Period number equals the energy level containing the _______ electrons.

Valance

Metals conduct electricity and heat well because they have loosely bound______ ______.

Valance electrons

What is the atomic diameter of the elements W, Ti, Ge, Cl from greatest to least?

W, Ti, Ge, Cl

What is the metallicity of the elements Ti, W, Ge, Cl from greatest to least?

W, Ti, Ge, Cl

How does the periodic table tell how many electrons are in a neutral atom?

You look at the elements atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus.

Why was Mendeleevs periodic table finally excepted by the scientific community?

scientist soon started to discover the elements predicted on his table.