Chapter 18

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

increase the rate of breathing

An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

Over 90

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________% saturated with oxygen.

Emphysema

Decreased surface area for gas exchange

emphysema

Destruction of alveoli

surface area and concentration gradient.

Diffusion rate is directly proportional to

membrane thickness

Diffusion rate is indirectly proportional to

surface area

Emphysema causes a loss of septa between individual alveoli, resulting in fewer, but larger, alveoli. What component of gas diffusion would be most affected by emphysema?

pulmonary edema

Fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces

Hypercapnia

High carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids is called

decreased barrier permeability

If alveolar PO2 is normal but arterial PO2 is low, what is the most likely cause?

pulmonary edema

In ________, fluid accumulates in the interstitial spaces of the lungs, slowing gas exchange.

dorsal respiratory group

In the medulla oblongata, the nucleus tractus solitarius contains the ________ of neurons.

as bicarbonate ion

In what form is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

pharynx and larynx, obstructive sleep apnea

Inappropriate relaxation of the ________ muscle(s) during sleep contributes to ________, a sleep disorder associated with snoring.

Decrease

Increased Pco2

Asthma

Increased airway resistance

pulmonary edema

Increased diffusion distance

bound to hemoglobin

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

concentration gradient

Of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases, the most variable and, therefore, important factor to consider is the

dissolved in the plasma

Oxygen is carried in the blood in two ways. Most of it is bound to hemoglobin while the remainder is carried in what form?

higer

PCO2 tends to be ________ in tissues than in systemic capillaries.

dorsal respiratory, ventral respiratory

The ________ group of neurons contains mostly inspiratory neurons. The ________ group of neurons controls muscles used for active expiration and some inspiratory muscles.

abdominal and internal intercostal, diaphragm and external intercostal

The expiratory neurons control the ________ muscles, whereas the inspiratory neurons control the ________ muscles.

pulmonary edema

The lung pathology most likely to result from certain kinds of heart disease is

carbon dioxide

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

dorsal respiratory, diaphragm, vagus

The output of the ________ group of inspiratory neurons controls the ________ muscle(s) by way of the ________ nerve.

diffusion

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

fibrotic lung disease

Thickened alveolar membrane and decreased lung compliance

Hypoxia

Too little oxygen in cells is called

carbon dioxide, hypercapnia

Too little oxygen in cells is often accompanied by too much ________, which is called ________.

decreased O2 bound to hemoglobin

What is the definition of "anemic hypoxia"?

simple diffusion

What is the primary mechanism by which gases move from the alveoli into the blood and cells and back?

dorsal respiratory group

Which area of the brain stimulates the diaphragm to contract to initiate inspiration?

arterial P CO2 increasing to 46 mmHg

Which change would cause the greatest stimulus for an increase in ventilation?

Plasma CO2

Which chemical can stimulate ventilation by binding both peripheral and central chemoreceptors?

pulmonary edema

Which disorder would usually result in a normal alveolar PO2 but a decreased arterial PO2?

increased H+ concentration

Which of the following would make the oxygen-hemoglobin curve shift right?

Emphysema

________ is characterized by a decreased surface area for gas exchange in the lungs.

Fibrotic lung disease

________ is characterized by a thickened alveolar membrane, slowing respiratory gas exchange.

Asthma

________ is characterized by an increased airway resistance and decreased ventilation.


Set pelajaran terkait

Chapter 44 Objectives 1,2,3,5,6 and Chapter 43 Objective 14

View Set

Module 3 - Medicare Part D: Prescription Drug Coverage

View Set

CH 2: Central Dogma (Transcription, Translation)

View Set

Vocabulary Level E Unit 3: def/syn/ant separate

View Set

Firefox Keyboard shortcuts - Search

View Set